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Hi,
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In case you are not familiar with cloud-init, the idea is that you can
build a single OS image that runs cloud-init on boot, and cloud-init
will take care of such things as network configuration, so that the same
image will work regardless of the network setup you choose for the cloud
instance.
Does cloud-init run before or after systemd? In other words: is it a
systemd unit of some kind or is it rather an init daemon itself which
chain-loads systemd?
The current cloud-init implementation for Arch uses netctl [3]. The
implementation is correct in such a way that it does indeed render the
right netctl profile(s) and enables them. However there is a problem:
they are not being started. AFAICT this is because cloud-init does this
while the systemd boot is already in process, and changing the
dependency graph (by adding new units) does not have any effect until
the next run (everything works right on second boot). Note that I even
tried having cloud-init run `systemd daemon-reload` after enabling the
units, but it didn't help either.
Did you try cloud-init to issue "systemctl start $unitname.service"
additionally to "systemctl enable $unitname.service"? This seems to me to
be the right way.
The reason I am posting this here is that this seems to be an issue due
to the particular way netctl use systemd units. Since you don't know the
names or the number of profiles (units) that will be generated during
image creation, you cannot enable them at that time. But doing so during
first boot does not seem to work.
I would rather say it's due to the way, cloud-init uses systemd units: it
enables them, but that's only relevant for successive boots, so it should
rather enable and start them (systemd should still honor the dependencies
of the units and postpone the start to the point where all of the
dependencies are loaded, too).
Just for comparison, if one were to use e.g. systemd-networkd instead,
you would just enable the systemd-networkd unit during image creation,
cloud-init could generate the appropriate config for any number of
devices, and when the unit starts it will do the right thing. Likewise
on other distros, e.g. Debian with /etc/network/interfaces or such.
Now, from my point of view, there could be several approaches to solve
this:
1. systemd supports updates of the dep graph during boot
2. support such a use case in netctl
3. change cloud-init to use systemd-networkd for Arch
Let me quickly elaborate:
1. is intentionally not phrased as something to be done. It might
already be a thing, I just couldn't figure out how to do it. If someone
knows more about this, I would love to hear about it. If this works, it
would be the easiest solution. However, if it doesn't, I don't have my
hopes up high for this being added to systemd anytime soon.
This would mean, if I "systemctl enable $some.service", it will be started
right away, too - probably not, what systemd devs want (at least it's
not, what systemd currently does).
2. is the main reason I am writing this. Things that came to mind were
another special unit (netctl-all?), or even just a well-defined
interface to write devices into the state file, so that the plain netctl
unit would work. I would be very interested to hear how such a thing
sounds to you, the developers?
There is currently netctl-auto@.service, but this requires to know the
interfaces in advance. Maybe the netctl devs can consider adding another
unit which is interface agnostic? "netctl-auto.service" maybe? (I'm not
familiar with netctl's interna - maybe this is not possible at all)
3. Is of course an option, but would require quite a bit of work in
cloud-init. That work, if done right, might however at some point
benefit other distros, should they be using systemd-networkd as well.
The main reason I am also bringing this up that I was wondering if there
are possibly any plans to abandon netctl anyways at some point in favor
of distro-agnostic solutions (be it systemd-networkd or any other).
So, sorry for the long mail, but I probably omitted a few crucial
details already, so don't hesitate to ask for clarifications :)
I would love to hear your thoughts on this!
Thanks a lot,
Conrad
[1] https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/cloud-init/
[2] https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/growpart/
[3] https://git.launchpad.net/cloud-init/tree/cloudinit/distros/arch.py
regards,
Erich
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