Celtic and Old English Saints 8 March =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= * St. Senan of Scattery Island * St. Felix of Dunwich * St. Beoadh * St. Duthac of Ross * St. Rhian =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
St. Senan (Senames) of Scattery ----------------------------------------------------------- Died c. 560. Senan was the principal of the numerous Irish saints with this name, and is credited with making a remarkable succession of monastic foundations on islands at the mouths of rivers and elsewhere, from the Slaney in Wexford to the coast of Clare. The stories that have survived about St. Senan suggest a man of considerable complexity of character. He is said to have visited Rome and on his way home stayed with St. David (f.d. March 1) in Wales. On his return to Ireland, he founded more churches and monasteries, notably one at Inishcarra near Cork. He finally settled and was buried on Scattery Island (Inis Cathaig) in the Shannon estuary, where there is still a fine round tower and other early remnants. There are indications that he spent some time in Cornwall, but appears to have had no connection with the Land's End parish of Sennen (Attwater, Benedictines). * * * Senan was born at Kilrush in County Clare where his parents, Erguid and Comgella, owned land and were well to do farmers. In his youth he had to do some fighting for his overlord but it was while he was about the more peaceful occupation of looking after his father's cattle that the call came to forsake the world and devote himself to religious study. His conversion was caused by a great wave that broke at his feet as he was walking on the sea shore, then ebbed leaving a clear path for him across the bay, and finally closed behind him. He saw this as a sign that his lay life was over and, breaking his spear in two, he made a cross of it and set out for the monastery at Kilnamanagh in County Dublin. Senan was obviously a resourceful man for he miraculously automated the mill at the monastery so that it ground the grain without him having to leave his books. He made great progress in his studies and after his ordination he visited other centres of learning before returning to his home country to found a number of religious houses. The most famous of his foundations was on Scattery Island, Iniscathaigh, and before he could build his monastery there he had to rid the island of a ferocious beast after which it was named, the Cata. The monster is described as exceedingly fierce and breathing fire and spitting venom which make some believe that it was a tribe of wild cats. However, Senan protected by his faith, expelled it with the sign of the Cross, ordering it never to harm anyone again. The Archangel Raphael is said to have aided him and there was an incident when Senan was searching for water for his monks that the Archangel directed the holly stick with which he was probing and water gushed out of the dry ground. Senan left his stick in the hole and on the next day he found that it had grown into a tree. Raphael also helped S. Senan to ensure safe crossing to the island for his monks. The ruins on Scattery include those of six churches, the Saint's grave which provides miraculous cures in the church known as Temple Senan and a spectacular round tower, the tallest in the whole of Ireland. He died on March 1st but his burial was postponed to the octave day of his death to enable those from the neighbouring communities to attend, so his festival is observed on March 8th (Flanagan, Neeson, Baring Gould). * * * Manuscript Live of St. Senan: The several versions of Senan's Life differ considerably in content. The metrical Latin version is probably the oldest, but it seems to be a monastic composition having no very direct connection with Inis-Cathaig. On the other hand the Irish Life, which, though quite fabulous, is also very interesting, seems to depend directly on legends of the lower Shannon, and probably on a Life written at Inis-Cathaig when that was still a flourishing monastery, that is, not later than the tenth century. The imposing array of miracles, the list of famous saints with whom the subject of the Life is brought into contact, and the records of church foundations made by him, all indicate an origin in a monastery of his community. The extraordinary inconsistencies of the chronological setting may reject the absence of historical data: Senan is, while still in his mother's womb, foretold by Patrick (d. 461); he succeeds Maedoc (d. 626) as abbot of Ferns; he makes a league with Martin of Tours (d. 397 x 403); he associates with various Irish saints of the middle and second half of the sixth century; and he dies on the same day as David of Wales (544 x 547, or 601). But the biographers were capable of a wonderful recklessness in these matters, even when dealing with saints whose records were well founded. The establishment of many different churches by Senan is recorded: they represent, doubtless, the paruchia claimed by the abbots of Inis-Cathaig. Much curious and interesting matter is contained in the several texts. Amra Senain......... This eulogy of Senan is written in language of intentional dignity and obscurity similar to that of the Amra of Colum-cille (no. 212) which it closely resembles. It too is ascribed to Dallan Forgaille. Miorbuile Senain: The Miracles of Senan........ This is an account, written probably in the fourteenth century, of happenings during that and the preceding hundred years which the author considered to be due to the intervention of St. Senan. It has value for the history and social conditions of the age; and the information regarding Senan's churches and their inter-relationships can doubtless, be used in part for earlier epochs. The text ends with a poem giving a long list of famous saints with whom Senan had made alliances, and who were bound to avenge any injury to his churches. For a photograph of Scattery Island and descriptions of the remains of the holy places, go to http://www.clarelibrary.ie/eolas/coclare/places/scattery.htm Troparion of St Senan tone 3 As a true believer thou didst confess Christ,/ as a monk thou didst surrender unto Him/ and as a pilgrim thou didst honour His righteous ones, O Father Senan./ Wherefore we implore thy help to reform our lives,/ that Christ our Cod may have mercy on our souls. Kontakion of St Senan tone 1 By thy travels, O Father Senan, thou dost teach us the value of pilgrimages/ and the virtue of putting Christ above all earthly cares./ Shining brightly through the centuries thou day star of orthodox piety,/ we sing praises in honour of thee. St. Felix of Dunwich, Bishop ---------------------------------------------------------- Born in Burgundy; died in England in 648. St. Felix was a Burgundian bishop who brought about the conversion of Sigebert (f.d. September 27), king of the East Angles, when that prince was in exile. Felix was summoned by the restored Sigebert and sent by St. Honorius of Canterbury (f.d. September 30) to preach the gospel in East Anglia. In 631, Felix established his see at Dunwich, a town on the Suffolk coast that has been almost wholly washed away by the sea. He laboured with much success for 17 years in Norfolk, Suffolk, and Cambridgeshire. With the help of King Sigebert, Felix established a school for boys, obtaining teachers from the school at Canterbury. St. Felix was buried at Dunwich, but later on his shrine was at Ramsey abbey. This saint gives his name to the town of Felixstowe. He is venerated as the apostle of the East Angles (Attwater, Benedictines). St. Beoadh (Beatus), Bishop ----------------------------------------------------------- Died c. 518-525. Aeodh (Aidus), an Irish saint, acquired "Bo" on account of the greatness of his virtues, and was appointed bishop of Ardcarne (Roscommon). The "Bell of St. Beoadh," a beautiful work of art, was long in veneration as a relic of this saint (Benedictines). St. Duthac of Ross, Bishop ----------------------------------------------------------- Died 1065. An Irishman by birth, St. Duthac became bishop of Ross in Scotland, where his memory is preserved in several place names, e.g., Kilduthie (Benedictines). There is a ruined chapel in Tain in Easter Ross which is believed to have been built over the place of Duthac's birth. He was of a good Scottish family but went to Ireland for his education returning to his native land as a Bishop, working in the districts of Moray and Ross. An Irish chronicler describes him as "Primus anamchara, praecipius confessarius", first among soul friends and chief among confessors, and he is honoured for his devotion to hearing confessions and giving spiritual direction to his people. Bishop Elphinstone who was Bishop of Ross before going to Aberdeen is responsible for adding a number of stories about the saint to the Aberdeen Breviary. When he was quite young his mother sent him to the smithy to ask for coals as the fire in their house had gone out. The smith scornfully threw a shovel full of coals at the boy who calmly gathered up the glowing embers in his apron and carried them home without suffering any harm. Once when he was dining with a noble a drunken guest ordered one of Duttac's disciples to take a gold ring and a lump of meat to his house. While the young man was on this errand he stopped at a churchyard to pray for the dead and a kite flew down and took the ring and the meat from the tombstone on which they had been laid. When Duthac was told of this calamity he prayed to God and the bird flew down to the saint and deposited the stolen articles at his fleet. The ring was restored to the young man but the kite was allowed to consume the meat as a reward for his obedience. There is another story concerning meat, this time it is about a portion of meat sent by a Canon of Dornoch to the Bishop. He had just killed an ox and dispatched a piece as a present, the bearer being guided by a light like a lamp going before him so that Duthac received the gift the next day still fresh. When he died in 1065 he was buried at Tain which is called in the Gaelic Baile Duich, Cuthac's Town, and his tomb became a place of pilgrimage, James IV making three visits. Among his relics were his bell and a shirt which was believed to give the wearer miraculous protection. He has a holy well at Cromarty (Barrett, Forbes, Towill). St. Rhian (Ranus, Rian), Abbot ----------------------------------------------------------- Date unknown. The saint who has left his name to Llanrhian in Pembrokeshire. He is described as an abbot, but there are no details of his life available (Benedictines). Sources: ======== Attwater, D. (1983). The Penguin Dictionary of Saints, NY: Penguin Books. Barrett, Michale Dom. A Calendar of Scottish Saints Benedictine Monks of St. Augustine Abbey, Ramsgate. (1947). The book of Saints. NY: Macmillan. Benedictine Monks of St. Augustine Abbey, Ramsgate. (1966). The Book of Saints. NY: Thomas Y. Crowell. Forbes, A.P. Kalendars of Scottish Saints Towill, E.S. The Saints of Scotland For All the Saints: http://www.saintpatrickdc.org/ss/ss-index.htm An Alphabetical Index of the Saints of the West http://www.orthodoxengland.btinternet.co.uk/saintsa.htm These Lives are archived at: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/celt-saints ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤
