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Wellesley, Richard Colley, Marquess of (1760-1842), the East India Company's (EIC) governor general of India, 1797-1805. Although overshadowed by the achievements of his younger brother Arthur, the Duke of Wellington, Wellesley was an important figure in his own right, especially in expanding British imperial power. During his governor generalship he redrew the map of India through a combination of diplomacy and military annexation, a process to which his brother's military victories made a formidable contribution. Mysore, Hyderabad, Tanjore, Surat, the Carnatic, and Oudh were either partially annexed or subordinated to EIC rule. French power in India suffered a major blow and Wellesley refused British government orders to restore French territory under the provisions of the Treaty of Amiens (1802), an act of insubordination which was soon justified by events. Wellesley's ambition, his expansionist policy, and the huge cost of his military arrangements alarmed the directors of the EIC in London. He was recalled in 1805 and threatened with impeachment, but survived. He remained politically important, serving as ambassador to Spain in 1808 and as foreign secretary, 1809-12. His later years were soured by jealousy of his younger brother's increasing fame. Bibliography Butler, Iris, The Eldest Brother: The Marquess Wellesley 1760-1842 (London, 1973) — John M. Bourne
