I've reinstalled nodejs and libnode64 back to original Buster 10.24.0~dfsg-1~deb10u1 and upgraded libuv1 to libuv1_1.34.2-1~bpo9+1_i386.deb from http://snapshot.debian.org
It still segfaults! So it seems that the problem is not libuv version but its linking (included in node or external). Or cflags? -- Ondrej Zary