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https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/DERBY-2919?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel#action_12511660
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Mamta A. Satoor commented on DERBY-2919:
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Actually, I just tried the test case in Norwegian territory since I understand 
it's error messages better than the Mexican error messages :) I think the 
problem has nothing to do with column name containing localized characters. It 
is throwing error because the column does not have not null defined on it and 
hence unique/primary key can't be defined on it using ALTER TABLE. Following is 
the ij session for Norwegian territory

$ java org.apache.derby.tools.ij
ij version 10.4
ij> connect 
'jdbc:derby:c:/dellater/db1Norway;create=true;territory=no;collation=TERRITORY_BASED';
WARNING 01J01: Database 'c:/dellater/db1Norway' not created, connection made to 
existing database instead.
ij> Create table Ciudad_de_Mexico2
   ( nombre varchar(24),
        estado varchar(24),
         Excepci≤n int );
0 rows inserted/updated/deleted
ij> ALTER TABLE Ciudad_de_Mexico2
  ADD CONSTRAINT Mx_PK2 Primary Key (Excepci≤n);
ERROR 42831: 'EXCEPCI╙N' cannot be a column of a primary key or unique key 
because it can contain null values.

> Alter table .. Add .. Primary Key fails with Column not found when columnName 
> contains localized characters - w/a available
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>                 Key: DERBY-2919
>                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/DERBY-2919
>             Project: Derby
>          Issue Type: Bug
>          Components: Localization
>    Affects Versions: 10.3.1.1
>            Reporter: Stan Bradbury
>            Priority: Minor
>
> Database created with territory=es_MX and table with colunName Excepci≤n 
> (taken from exception text for "ERROR XJ001: Excepci≤n de Java:...")  trying 
> to specify the column as the primary key using alter table fails:
> Db Creation URL:  connect 'jdbc:derby:toursMx;create=true;territory=es_MX';
> -- Create table
> Create table Ciudad_de_Mexico2
>    ( nombre   varchar(24),
>         estado  varchar(24),
>          Excepci≤n int );
> -- Create PK
>  ALTER TABLE Ciudad_de_Mexico2
>   ADD CONSTRAINT Mx_PK2 Primary Key (
>  Excepci≤n);
> -- ERROR 42831: 'EXCEPCI╙N' no puede ser una columna de clave primaria o 
> clave - nica porque puede contener valores nulos.
> -- WORKAROUND:  create the primary key when the table is created:
> Create table Ciudad_de_Mexico
>    ( nombre   varchar(24),
>       estado  varchar(24),
>        Excepci≤n int constraint mx_pk Primary Key);

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