https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=99426
--- Comment #2 from Alexander Lelyakin <alexander.lelyakin at googlemail dot com> --- There is a shorter sequence: g++ -std=c++20 -fmodules-ts -x c++-system-header typeindex g++ -std=c++20 -fmodules-ts -x c++-system-header stop_token g++ -std=c++20 -fmodules-ts -x c++-system-header optional g++ -std=c++20 -fmodules-ts -x c++-system-header system_error g++ -std=c++20 -fmodules-ts -x c++-system-header streambuf g++ -std=c++20 -fmodules-ts -x c++-system-header exception g++ -std=c++20 -fmodules-ts -x c++-system-header unordered_map g++ -std=c++20 -fmodules-ts -x c++-system-header complex ---- In module imported at /usr/local/include/c++/11.0.1/ios:43:1, included from /usr/local/include/c++/11.0.1/istream:38, from /usr/local/include/c++/11.0.1/sstream:38, from /usr/local/include/c++/11.0.1/complex:45: /usr/local/include/c++/11.0.1/streambuf: error: failed to read compiled module cluster 1269: Bad file data /usr/local/include/c++/11.0.1/streambuf: note: compiled module file is ‘gcm.cache/./usr/local/include/c++/11.0.1/streambuf.gcm’ In file included from /usr/local/include/c++/11.0.1/string:55, from /usr/local/include/c++/11.0.1/bits/locale_classes.h:40, from /usr/local/include/c++/11.0.1/bits/ios_base.h:41, from /usr/local/include/c++/11.0.1/ios:42, from /usr/local/include/c++/11.0.1/istream:38, from /usr/local/include/c++/11.0.1/sstream:38, from /usr/local/include/c++/11.0.1/complex:45: /usr/local/include/c++/11.0.1/bits/basic_string.h:6608:54: fatal error: failed to load pendings for ‘__gnu_cxx::__stoa’ 6608 | __idx, __base); } | ^ compilation terminated. ---- g++ (GCC) 11.0.1 20210311 (experimental) Copyright (C) 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.