https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=103667

            Bug ID: 103667
           Summary: [12 Regression] Accepting invalid explicitly
                    specialized template with incorrectly ordered template
                    parameter lists
           Product: gcc
           Version: 12.0
            Status: UNCONFIRMED
          Severity: normal
          Priority: P3
         Component: c++
          Assignee: unassigned at gcc dot gnu.org
          Reporter: matthewjbarichello at gmail dot com
  Target Milestone: ---

The following invalid code compiles without an error in GCC 12:

  template<typename... Args>
  struct A {
   template<auto N>
   struct B {};
  };

  template<>
  template<typename... Args>
  struct A<Args...>::B<sizeof...(Args)> {};

In versions before 12, compilation yields the following diagnostic:

  <source>:9:22: error: template argument 'sizeof... (Args)' involves template
parameter(s)
      9 | struct A<Args...>::B<sizeof...(Args)> {};
        |                      ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Adding the following code to the example causes a parser ICE:

  int main() {
   A<>::B<0> b{};
  }

ICE trace:

  <source>: In function 'int main()':
  <source>:9:20: internal compiler error: in retrieve_specialization, at
cp/pt.c:1260
      9 | struct A<Args...>::B<sizeof...(Args)> {};
        |                    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  0x2100639 internal_error(char const*, ...)
          ???:0
  0x7e96eb fancy_abort(char const*, int, char const*)
          ???:0
  0xa5db37 tsubst(tree_node*, tree_node*, int, tree_node*)
          ???:0
  0xa942e9 most_specialized_partial_spec(tree_node*, int)
          ???:0
  0xaa14f4 instantiate_class_template(tree_node*)
          ???:0
  0x8bd4e7 start_decl_1(tree_node*, bool)
          ???:0
  0x8e49bf start_decl(cp_declarator const*, cp_decl_specifier_seq*, int,
tree_node*, tree_node*, tree_node**)
          ???:0
  0xa29b8d c_parse_file()
          ???:0
  0xbb6bb2 c_common_parse_file()
          ???:0

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