The first failure can be easily reproduced by trying to sign vmlinuz,
The second one by using mkosi (https://github.com/systemd/mkosi):
```
$ mkosi genkey
$ mkosi --distribution=ubuntu --architecture=arm64 --release=noble -p 
linux-image-generic,systemd,systemd-sysv,udev,dbus,systemd-boot 
--qemu-firmware=uefi qemu
```

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/2058381

Title:
  Compression of ARM64 kernels causes problems with secureboot and
  systemd-boot

Status in linux-meta package in Ubuntu:
  New

Bug description:
  Hello,

  I'm trying to deploy an Ubuntu Server on arm64 with securbeoot and UKIs.
  I'm running into the problem that the shipped kernel is just a plain gzip 
compressed version of the kernel image.
  This causes two issues:
  - sbsign refuses to sign the kernel without uncompressing it first (Invalid 
DOS header magic)
  - systemd-stub/systemd-boot don't recognize this kernel as a valid binary 
(Bad kernel image: Load error\n Failed to execute Ubuntu Noble Numbat 
(development branch) (\EFI\Linux\ubuntu-6.8.0-11-generic.efi): Load error)

  Debian just ships an uncompressed kernel and Fedora ships a PE binary (which 
they can do because they dropped BIOS support, so this cannot be adopted for 
Ubuntu).
  Shipping an uncompressed kernel would be the easiest switch from my view, 
only causing problems on small /boot partitions or ESP partitions, respectively.

  The current version in Ubuntu causes unexpected behaviour with various
  bootchain tools.

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