To reproduce, 1. Open examples/he/splash.lyx 2. In Document > Settings > Fonts, check the box "Use non-TeX fonts" and change the three fonts to FreeSans (or any other font that supports Hebrew). 3. Click OK. 4. Try to export with XeTeX. It fails. 5. Now go to Document > Settings > Document Class and change "Hebrew Article" to "Article (Standard Class)". 6. XeTeX export compiles fine for me.
The heb-article layout adds the following to the preamble: \usepackage{theorem} \theorembodyfont{\upshape} \newtheorem{theorem}{\R{משפט}}[section] \AtBeginDocument{\make@lr\thetheorem} XeTeX gives the following error: ! Undefined control sequence. \@begindocumenthook ...aybe_setup_maths: \make@lr Are the \newtheorem command (this is the only place in layout files I see the \R command) and the \AtBeginDocument command correctly written? Is a protect missing? Note that the Hebrew splash compiles fine for me with pdfTeX (although to reproduce you would need to install some fonts probably). Scott