[clang] [clang] Disallow VLA type compound literals (PR #91891)

2024-05-16 Thread Jim M . R . Teichgräber via cfe-commits


@@ -7274,12 +7274,19 @@ Sema::BuildCompoundLiteralExpr(SourceLocation 
LParenLoc, TypeSourceInfo *TInfo,
   // init a VLA in C++ in all cases (such as with non-trivial 
constructors).
   // FIXME: should we allow this construct in C++ when it makes sense to do
   // so?
-  std::optional NumInits;
-  if (const auto *ILE = dyn_cast(LiteralExpr))
-NumInits = ILE->getNumInits();
-  if ((LangOpts.CPlusPlus || NumInits.value_or(0)) &&
-  !tryToFixVariablyModifiedVarType(TInfo, literalType, LParenLoc,
-   diag::err_variable_object_no_init))
+  //
+  // But: C99-C23 6.5.2.5 Compound literals constraint 1: The type name
+  // shall specify an object type or an array of unknown size, but not a
+  // variable length array type. This seems odd, as it allows int a[size] =
+  // {}; but forbids int a[size] = (int[size]){}; As this is what the

J-MR-T wrote:

Sorry, I should have been more clear, I didn't mean it would be allowed in 
another C standard, just that it's unexpected from a language point of view. 
But it's not that important anyway, so I hope the new version works better :). 

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/91891
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[clang] [clang] Disallow VLA type compound literals (PR #91891)

2024-05-13 Thread Jim M . R . Teichgräber via cfe-commits

https://github.com/J-MR-T ready_for_review 
https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/91891
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[clang] [clang] Disallow VLA type compound literals (PR #91891)

2024-05-13 Thread Jim M . R . Teichgräber via cfe-commits

https://github.com/J-MR-T updated 
https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/91891

From 9aab9284fc094d22e12a2ee1217a3bc99e5837b8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Jim=20M=2E=20R=2E=20Teichgr=C3=A4ber?=
 
Date: Sun, 12 May 2024 13:33:37 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 1/5] [clang] Disallow VLA type compound literals C99-C23
 6.5.2.5 says: The type name shall specify an object type or an array of
 unknown size, but not a variable length array type Issue:
 https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/89835

---
 .../clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td|  2 ++
 clang/lib/Sema/SemaExpr.cpp   | 19 +--
 clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011.c|  8 +++-
 clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011_2.c  | 16 
 clang/test/Sema/compound-literal.c| 15 +--
 5 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

diff --git a/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td 
b/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td
index d6863f90edb6e..008d7b2a29cd9 100644
--- a/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td
+++ b/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td
@@ -3371,6 +3371,8 @@ def err_field_with_address_space : Error<
   "field may not be qualified with an address space">;
 def err_compound_literal_with_address_space : Error<
   "compound literal in function scope may not be qualified with an address 
space">;
+def err_compound_literal_with_vla_type : Error<
+  "compound literal has variable-length array type">;
 def err_address_space_mismatch_templ_inst : Error<
   "conflicting address space qualifiers are provided between types %0 and %1">;
 def err_attr_objc_ownership_redundant : Error<
diff --git a/clang/lib/Sema/SemaExpr.cpp b/clang/lib/Sema/SemaExpr.cpp
index c688cb21f2364..e62e3f3285e5d 100644
--- a/clang/lib/Sema/SemaExpr.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/Sema/SemaExpr.cpp
@@ -7274,12 +7274,19 @@ Sema::BuildCompoundLiteralExpr(SourceLocation 
LParenLoc, TypeSourceInfo *TInfo,
   // init a VLA in C++ in all cases (such as with non-trivial 
constructors).
   // FIXME: should we allow this construct in C++ when it makes sense to do
   // so?
-  std::optional NumInits;
-  if (const auto *ILE = dyn_cast(LiteralExpr))
-NumInits = ILE->getNumInits();
-  if ((LangOpts.CPlusPlus || NumInits.value_or(0)) &&
-  !tryToFixVariablyModifiedVarType(TInfo, literalType, LParenLoc,
-   diag::err_variable_object_no_init))
+  //
+  // But: C99-C23 6.5.2.5 Compound literals constraint 1: The type name
+  // shall specify an object type or an array of unknown size, but not a
+  // variable length array type. This seems odd, as it allows int a[size] =
+  // {}; but forbids int a[size] = (int[size]){}; As this is what the
+  // standard says, this is what's implemented here for C (except for the
+  // extension that permits constant foldable size arrays)
+
+  auto diagID = LangOpts.CPlusPlus
+? diag::err_variable_object_no_init
+: diag::err_compound_literal_with_vla_type;
+  if (!tryToFixVariablyModifiedVarType(TInfo, literalType, LParenLoc,
+   diagID))
 return ExprError();
 }
   } else if (!literalType->isDependentType() &&
diff --git a/clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011.c b/clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011.c
index 4350aa140691b..f0be8b9e41861 100644
--- a/clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011.c
+++ b/clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011.c
@@ -27,8 +27,14 @@ void test(void) {
   compat-warning {{use of an empty initializer is 
incompatible with C standards before C23}}
   int vla[i] = {}; // compat-warning {{use of an empty initializer is 
incompatible with C standards before C23}} \
   pedantic-warning {{use of an empty initializer is a C23 
extension}}
+  // C99 6.5.2.5 Compound literals constraint 1: The type name shall specify an
+  // object type or an array of unknown size, but not a variable length array
+  // type.
   int *compound_literal_vla = (int[i]){}; // compat-warning {{use of an empty 
initializer is incompatible with C standards before C23}} \
- pedantic-warning {{use of an 
empty initializer is a C23 extension}}
+ pedantic-warning {{use of an 
empty initializer is a C23 extension}}\
+ compat-error {{compound literal 
has variable-length array type}} \
+ pedantic-error {{compound literal 
has variable-length array type}}\
+
 
   struct T {
int i;
diff --git a/clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011_2.c b/clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011_2.c
index eb15fbf905c86..ab659d636d155 100644
--- a/clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011_2.c
+++ b/clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011_2.c
@@ -76,22 +76,6 @@ void test_zero_size_vla() {
   // CHECK-NEXT: call void 

[clang] [clang] Disallow VLA type compound literals (PR #91891)

2024-05-13 Thread Jim M . R . Teichgräber via cfe-commits

J-MR-T wrote:

> Btw, you can probably move this PR out of Draft status, it seems awfully 
> close to finished

I'll finish implementing your suggestions, run the tests again locally and then 
move it out of draft, if that's alright with you :).


https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/91891
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[clang] [clang] Disallow VLA type compound literals (PR #91891)

2024-05-13 Thread Jim M . R . Teichgräber via cfe-commits


@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// RUN: %clang_cc1 -fsyntax-only -verify -fblocks -pedantic %s
+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -fsyntax-only -verify -fblocks -pedantic -Wno-comment %s

J-MR-T wrote:

Ah, that's good to know! Seeing as I had to modify the test again anyway, it 
seems nicer to use this syntax.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/91891
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[clang] [clang] Disallow VLA type compound literals (PR #91891)

2024-05-13 Thread Jim M . R . Teichgräber via cfe-commits

https://github.com/J-MR-T updated 
https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/91891

From 9aab9284fc094d22e12a2ee1217a3bc99e5837b8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Jim=20M=2E=20R=2E=20Teichgr=C3=A4ber?=
 
Date: Sun, 12 May 2024 13:33:37 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 1/3] [clang] Disallow VLA type compound literals C99-C23
 6.5.2.5 says: The type name shall specify an object type or an array of
 unknown size, but not a variable length array type Issue:
 https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/89835

---
 .../clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td|  2 ++
 clang/lib/Sema/SemaExpr.cpp   | 19 +--
 clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011.c|  8 +++-
 clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011_2.c  | 16 
 clang/test/Sema/compound-literal.c| 15 +--
 5 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

diff --git a/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td 
b/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td
index d6863f90edb6e..008d7b2a29cd9 100644
--- a/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td
+++ b/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td
@@ -3371,6 +3371,8 @@ def err_field_with_address_space : Error<
   "field may not be qualified with an address space">;
 def err_compound_literal_with_address_space : Error<
   "compound literal in function scope may not be qualified with an address 
space">;
+def err_compound_literal_with_vla_type : Error<
+  "compound literal has variable-length array type">;
 def err_address_space_mismatch_templ_inst : Error<
   "conflicting address space qualifiers are provided between types %0 and %1">;
 def err_attr_objc_ownership_redundant : Error<
diff --git a/clang/lib/Sema/SemaExpr.cpp b/clang/lib/Sema/SemaExpr.cpp
index c688cb21f2364..e62e3f3285e5d 100644
--- a/clang/lib/Sema/SemaExpr.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/Sema/SemaExpr.cpp
@@ -7274,12 +7274,19 @@ Sema::BuildCompoundLiteralExpr(SourceLocation 
LParenLoc, TypeSourceInfo *TInfo,
   // init a VLA in C++ in all cases (such as with non-trivial 
constructors).
   // FIXME: should we allow this construct in C++ when it makes sense to do
   // so?
-  std::optional NumInits;
-  if (const auto *ILE = dyn_cast(LiteralExpr))
-NumInits = ILE->getNumInits();
-  if ((LangOpts.CPlusPlus || NumInits.value_or(0)) &&
-  !tryToFixVariablyModifiedVarType(TInfo, literalType, LParenLoc,
-   diag::err_variable_object_no_init))
+  //
+  // But: C99-C23 6.5.2.5 Compound literals constraint 1: The type name
+  // shall specify an object type or an array of unknown size, but not a
+  // variable length array type. This seems odd, as it allows int a[size] =
+  // {}; but forbids int a[size] = (int[size]){}; As this is what the
+  // standard says, this is what's implemented here for C (except for the
+  // extension that permits constant foldable size arrays)
+
+  auto diagID = LangOpts.CPlusPlus
+? diag::err_variable_object_no_init
+: diag::err_compound_literal_with_vla_type;
+  if (!tryToFixVariablyModifiedVarType(TInfo, literalType, LParenLoc,
+   diagID))
 return ExprError();
 }
   } else if (!literalType->isDependentType() &&
diff --git a/clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011.c b/clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011.c
index 4350aa140691b..f0be8b9e41861 100644
--- a/clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011.c
+++ b/clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011.c
@@ -27,8 +27,14 @@ void test(void) {
   compat-warning {{use of an empty initializer is 
incompatible with C standards before C23}}
   int vla[i] = {}; // compat-warning {{use of an empty initializer is 
incompatible with C standards before C23}} \
   pedantic-warning {{use of an empty initializer is a C23 
extension}}
+  // C99 6.5.2.5 Compound literals constraint 1: The type name shall specify an
+  // object type or an array of unknown size, but not a variable length array
+  // type.
   int *compound_literal_vla = (int[i]){}; // compat-warning {{use of an empty 
initializer is incompatible with C standards before C23}} \
- pedantic-warning {{use of an 
empty initializer is a C23 extension}}
+ pedantic-warning {{use of an 
empty initializer is a C23 extension}}\
+ compat-error {{compound literal 
has variable-length array type}} \
+ pedantic-error {{compound literal 
has variable-length array type}}\
+
 
   struct T {
int i;
diff --git a/clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011_2.c b/clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011_2.c
index eb15fbf905c86..ab659d636d155 100644
--- a/clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011_2.c
+++ b/clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011_2.c
@@ -76,22 +76,6 @@ void test_zero_size_vla() {
   // CHECK-NEXT: call void 

[clang] [clang] Disallow VLA type compound literals (PR #91891)

2024-05-13 Thread Jim M . R . Teichgräber via cfe-commits

J-MR-T wrote:

> Please be sure to add a release note to clang/docs/ReleaseNotes.rst so users 
> know about the fix.

Oh, sorry, I didn't find anything know how release notes were handled - will do!

A question on that, would you classify this as a breaking change? Technically, 
it could break the compilation of programs previously compiled with Clang 17 
that compile VLA type compound literals, but never execute the code that 
they're used in; is that enough for it to be listed as a breaking change? If 
so, would this go under the `C/C++ Language Potentially Breaking Changes` 
header? Or should I create a new `C Language Potentially Breaking Changes` 
header, as this does not affect Clang's C++ behavior itself in any way?

PS: I hope multiple commits in this PR are fine, they are squashed at the end 
anyway, right?


https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/91891
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[clang] [clang] Disallow VLA type compound literals (PR #91891)

2024-05-13 Thread Jim M . R . Teichgräber via cfe-commits


@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// RUN: %clang_cc1 -fsyntax-only -verify -fblocks -pedantic %s
+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -fsyntax-only -verify -fblocks -pedantic -Wno-comment %s

J-MR-T wrote:

[This 
line](https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/91891/files#diff-7d0182b6392ee774cf192fde090a22efd8367b693b28bac42d2e3ae2f8c2d94bR50-R51)
 both warns about the empty initializer being used without `-std=c2x`, and now 
triggers the new diagnostic. As I understand `-verify`, this cannot be tested 
using `//` on subsequent lines, so I used the `\` syntax to chain these checks, 
as some other tests do. Without `-Wno-comment`, this would lead to an 
additional warning for the multiline `// ... \` comment.

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/91891
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[clang] [clang] Disallow VLA type compound literals (PR #91891)

2024-05-13 Thread Jim M . R . Teichgräber via cfe-commits

https://github.com/J-MR-T updated 
https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/91891

From 9aab9284fc094d22e12a2ee1217a3bc99e5837b8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Jim=20M=2E=20R=2E=20Teichgr=C3=A4ber?=
 
Date: Sun, 12 May 2024 13:33:37 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] [clang] Disallow VLA type compound literals C99-C23
 6.5.2.5 says: The type name shall specify an object type or an array of
 unknown size, but not a variable length array type Issue:
 https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/89835

---
 .../clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td|  2 ++
 clang/lib/Sema/SemaExpr.cpp   | 19 +--
 clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011.c|  8 +++-
 clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011_2.c  | 16 
 clang/test/Sema/compound-literal.c| 15 +--
 5 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

diff --git a/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td 
b/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td
index d6863f90edb6e..008d7b2a29cd9 100644
--- a/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td
+++ b/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td
@@ -3371,6 +3371,8 @@ def err_field_with_address_space : Error<
   "field may not be qualified with an address space">;
 def err_compound_literal_with_address_space : Error<
   "compound literal in function scope may not be qualified with an address 
space">;
+def err_compound_literal_with_vla_type : Error<
+  "compound literal has variable-length array type">;
 def err_address_space_mismatch_templ_inst : Error<
   "conflicting address space qualifiers are provided between types %0 and %1">;
 def err_attr_objc_ownership_redundant : Error<
diff --git a/clang/lib/Sema/SemaExpr.cpp b/clang/lib/Sema/SemaExpr.cpp
index c688cb21f2364..e62e3f3285e5d 100644
--- a/clang/lib/Sema/SemaExpr.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/Sema/SemaExpr.cpp
@@ -7274,12 +7274,19 @@ Sema::BuildCompoundLiteralExpr(SourceLocation 
LParenLoc, TypeSourceInfo *TInfo,
   // init a VLA in C++ in all cases (such as with non-trivial 
constructors).
   // FIXME: should we allow this construct in C++ when it makes sense to do
   // so?
-  std::optional NumInits;
-  if (const auto *ILE = dyn_cast(LiteralExpr))
-NumInits = ILE->getNumInits();
-  if ((LangOpts.CPlusPlus || NumInits.value_or(0)) &&
-  !tryToFixVariablyModifiedVarType(TInfo, literalType, LParenLoc,
-   diag::err_variable_object_no_init))
+  //
+  // But: C99-C23 6.5.2.5 Compound literals constraint 1: The type name
+  // shall specify an object type or an array of unknown size, but not a
+  // variable length array type. This seems odd, as it allows int a[size] =
+  // {}; but forbids int a[size] = (int[size]){}; As this is what the
+  // standard says, this is what's implemented here for C (except for the
+  // extension that permits constant foldable size arrays)
+
+  auto diagID = LangOpts.CPlusPlus
+? diag::err_variable_object_no_init
+: diag::err_compound_literal_with_vla_type;
+  if (!tryToFixVariablyModifiedVarType(TInfo, literalType, LParenLoc,
+   diagID))
 return ExprError();
 }
   } else if (!literalType->isDependentType() &&
diff --git a/clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011.c b/clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011.c
index 4350aa140691b..f0be8b9e41861 100644
--- a/clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011.c
+++ b/clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011.c
@@ -27,8 +27,14 @@ void test(void) {
   compat-warning {{use of an empty initializer is 
incompatible with C standards before C23}}
   int vla[i] = {}; // compat-warning {{use of an empty initializer is 
incompatible with C standards before C23}} \
   pedantic-warning {{use of an empty initializer is a C23 
extension}}
+  // C99 6.5.2.5 Compound literals constraint 1: The type name shall specify an
+  // object type or an array of unknown size, but not a variable length array
+  // type.
   int *compound_literal_vla = (int[i]){}; // compat-warning {{use of an empty 
initializer is incompatible with C standards before C23}} \
- pedantic-warning {{use of an 
empty initializer is a C23 extension}}
+ pedantic-warning {{use of an 
empty initializer is a C23 extension}}\
+ compat-error {{compound literal 
has variable-length array type}} \
+ pedantic-error {{compound literal 
has variable-length array type}}\
+
 
   struct T {
int i;
diff --git a/clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011_2.c b/clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011_2.c
index eb15fbf905c86..ab659d636d155 100644
--- a/clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011_2.c
+++ b/clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011_2.c
@@ -76,22 +76,6 @@ void test_zero_size_vla() {
   // CHECK-NEXT: call void 

[clang] [clang] Disallow VLA type compound literals (PR #91891)

2024-05-13 Thread Jim M . R . Teichgräber via cfe-commits


@@ -3371,6 +3371,8 @@ def err_field_with_address_space : Error<
   "field may not be qualified with an address space">;
 def err_compound_literal_with_address_space : Error<
   "compound literal in function scope may not be qualified with an address 
space">;
+def err_compound_literal_with_vla_type : Error<
+  "compound literal has variable-length array type">;

J-MR-T wrote:

That's clearer, thank you!

https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/91891
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[clang] [clang] Disallow VLA type compound literals (PR #91891)

2024-05-12 Thread Jim M . R . Teichgräber via cfe-commits

https://github.com/J-MR-T edited https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/91891
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[clang] [clang] Disallow VLA type compound literals (PR #91891)

2024-05-12 Thread Jim M . R . Teichgräber via cfe-commits

https://github.com/J-MR-T edited https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/91891
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[clang] [clang] Disallow VLA type compound literals (PR #91891)

2024-05-12 Thread Jim M . R . Teichgräber via cfe-commits

https://github.com/J-MR-T created 
https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/91891

C99-C23 6.5.2.5 says: The type name shall specify an object type or an array of 
unknown size, but not a variable length array type.

Closes issue #89835 .

I ran `git clang-format`'ed my changes and ran the clang tests, which passed 
after minor adjustments to the new behavior.

I mostly implemented everything as discussed in #89835, with the exception of 
[clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011_2.c](https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/compare/main...J-MR-T:llvm-project:main#diff-aa2b77ff42fcd2f2c02cc456f5023e923d44e5018dd2af7c046ebdcc8cb00a4a):
 in that file I deleted the part about VLA compound literals, because the file 
relies on LLVM-IR being emitted by clang, and that wouldn't have fit with the 
rest of the file. Adding another RUN line and handling this case independently 
in that file would be an option, but it felt out of place. Of course, I'm still 
open to doing it that way, or preserving the test another way, if that is 
preferred.

As I point out 
[here](https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/compare/main...J-MR-T:llvm-project:main#diff-3c28567b5e0c77d68f174541a0b77f5a85d093f58b89cd3675ee04a550a44880R7278-R7283),
 the new behavior leads to a confusing reality brought about by the C23 
standard:
```c
int a[size] = {};
```
is valid code, while
```c
int a[size] = (int[size]){};
```
is not. As this seems to be what the standard requests, I implemented it that 
way for now.


Tagging @Sirraide and @AaronBallman as requested :).



From 9aab9284fc094d22e12a2ee1217a3bc99e5837b8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Jim=20M=2E=20R=2E=20Teichgr=C3=A4ber?=
 
Date: Sun, 12 May 2024 13:33:37 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] [clang] Disallow VLA type compound literals C99-C23 6.5.2.5
 says: The type name shall specify an object type or an array of unknown size,
 but not a variable length array type Issue:
 https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/89835

---
 .../clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td|  2 ++
 clang/lib/Sema/SemaExpr.cpp   | 19 +--
 clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011.c|  8 +++-
 clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011_2.c  | 16 
 clang/test/Sema/compound-literal.c| 15 +--
 5 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)

diff --git a/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td 
b/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td
index d6863f90edb6e..008d7b2a29cd9 100644
--- a/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td
+++ b/clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td
@@ -3371,6 +3371,8 @@ def err_field_with_address_space : Error<
   "field may not be qualified with an address space">;
 def err_compound_literal_with_address_space : Error<
   "compound literal in function scope may not be qualified with an address 
space">;
+def err_compound_literal_with_vla_type : Error<
+  "compound literal has variable-length array type">;
 def err_address_space_mismatch_templ_inst : Error<
   "conflicting address space qualifiers are provided between types %0 and %1">;
 def err_attr_objc_ownership_redundant : Error<
diff --git a/clang/lib/Sema/SemaExpr.cpp b/clang/lib/Sema/SemaExpr.cpp
index c688cb21f2364..e62e3f3285e5d 100644
--- a/clang/lib/Sema/SemaExpr.cpp
+++ b/clang/lib/Sema/SemaExpr.cpp
@@ -7274,12 +7274,19 @@ Sema::BuildCompoundLiteralExpr(SourceLocation 
LParenLoc, TypeSourceInfo *TInfo,
   // init a VLA in C++ in all cases (such as with non-trivial 
constructors).
   // FIXME: should we allow this construct in C++ when it makes sense to do
   // so?
-  std::optional NumInits;
-  if (const auto *ILE = dyn_cast(LiteralExpr))
-NumInits = ILE->getNumInits();
-  if ((LangOpts.CPlusPlus || NumInits.value_or(0)) &&
-  !tryToFixVariablyModifiedVarType(TInfo, literalType, LParenLoc,
-   diag::err_variable_object_no_init))
+  //
+  // But: C99-C23 6.5.2.5 Compound literals constraint 1: The type name
+  // shall specify an object type or an array of unknown size, but not a
+  // variable length array type. This seems odd, as it allows int a[size] =
+  // {}; but forbids int a[size] = (int[size]){}; As this is what the
+  // standard says, this is what's implemented here for C (except for the
+  // extension that permits constant foldable size arrays)
+
+  auto diagID = LangOpts.CPlusPlus
+? diag::err_variable_object_no_init
+: diag::err_compound_literal_with_vla_type;
+  if (!tryToFixVariablyModifiedVarType(TInfo, literalType, LParenLoc,
+   diagID))
 return ExprError();
 }
   } else if (!literalType->isDependentType() &&
diff --git a/clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011.c b/clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011.c
index 4350aa140691b..f0be8b9e41861 100644
--- a/clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011.c
+++ b/clang/test/C/C2x/n2900_n3011.c
@@