Re: which IP+gateway for Freebsd guest VM in VMware workstation
On 12/27/2009 2:36 PM, Len Conrad wrote: Take a look here: http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/books/handbook/config-network-setup.html thanks, I've been setting up FreeBSD for 10 years, and have multimple FreeBSD VMs running in several ESXi hosts. Sorry, I didn't mean to offend you. I just didn't know your experience with FreeBSD. [snip] The physical Ethernet adapter has a fixed public IP. I have only one public IP from the ISP. In the VMWare Virtual Network Editor, this i/f is listed as VNnet0, Type Bridged, Connected column is -, and Subnet Address is - [snip] I'd like to stay with bridged. You have only one IP address from your ISP, you can't use bridged, since bridged configuration will connect the guest's ethernet to another physical ethernet and that's all. You'll have to have another IP address to assign to the guest. Since you don't, you have to use some form of NAT to share the host's IP with the guest(s). [snip] ifconfig shows em0 with .98 and correct broadcast IP, but status: no carrier This is interesting, why a virtual ethernet would report no carrier? It probably indicates a hardware problem. Or at least a wrong combination of FreeBSD driver + VMware virtual hardware version. Could you boot another version of FreeBSD just to check if the em interface finds the ethernet's carrier? Assuming that you are trying to install 8.0 release, try the latest from the 7 branch... I recall that there were some problems with FreeBSD-8.0-CURRENT regarding em network interfaces a few months ago, but I never saw them myself and I was a heavy user of VMware workstation the months before 8.0 release. [snip] I'd like to be able to ssh/ftp into the FreeBSD VM from Internet, so I'd prefer to stay away from DHCP for the FreeBSD VM networking. I am not really sure if you can achieve this, without a second IP address from your ISP. Can VMware workstation do any other form of NAT besides translating the host's IP to the guest's IP??? Anyway, investigate a bit more on the no carrier problem and post back to the list. Perhaps, another list that's a good candidate for such questions is: http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-emulation Though it mainly is for solutions running *on* FreeBSD, guys and girls there, tend to be knowledgeable about solutions running on *something* and having FreeBSD as a guest OS. HTH, Nikos ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: atrun: Missing Shared Object: libpam
On Sun, Dec 27, 2009 at 10:13:11PM -0500, APseudoUtopia wrote: # /usr/libexec/atrun /libexec/ld-elf.so.1: Shared object libpam.so.4 not found, required by atrun # find / -type f -name libpam* -ls 3274162 284 -r--r--r--1 root wheel 143412 Dec 5 04:48 /usr/lib/libpam.a 3273935 56 -r--r--r--1 root wheel 28296 Dec 4 20:33 /usr/lib/libpam.so.5 # uname -a FreeBSD x.x.x 8.0-RELEASE-p1 FreeBSD 8.0-RELEASE-p1 #0: Sat Dec 5 04:15:16 UTC 2009 r...@x.x.x:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/TTR i386 Is there a way to recompile at to use the new libpam library (5, instead of 4), without having to compile and/or install all of world? Thanks. Yes, there is but what else hasn't been built/installed when you upgraded to 8.0? Did you miss out a step in the buildworld/installworld procedure or have a problem? It looks like the libraries have been built and installed correctly but atrun hasn't been. What's the date on the atrun binary? You can build atrun on it's own by: # cd /usr/src/libexec/atrun # make # make install Regards, -- Frank Contact info: http://www.shute.org.uk/misc/contact.html ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Checksum mismatch -- will transfer entire file
On 12/28/2009 7:46 AM, Victor Sudakov wrote: To cut a long story short, I would rather continue using cvs, perhaps until there is subversion-light in the base system. I use successfully cvs for the same reasons. Most of the time I use the French mirror and I have also used the two USA ones. I haven't bother with Japan and Taiwan, since they're far away. Check this out: http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/books/handbook/anoncvs.html Most of the time(99%) anoncvs.fr.FreeBSD.org seems to be in-sync with the main repositories... HTH, Nikos ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Checksum mismatch -- will transfer entire file
Nikos Vassiliadis wrote: To cut a long story short, I would rather continue using cvs, perhaps until there is subversion-light in the base system. I use successfully cvs for the same reasons. Most of the time I use the French mirror and I have also used the two USA ones. I haven't bother with Japan and Taiwan, since they're far away. Check this out: http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/books/handbook/anoncvs.html Most of the time(99%) anoncvs.fr.FreeBSD.org seems to be in-sync with the main repositories... Are you sure you understand me? I was talking about mirroring the whole repository with cvsup/cvsupd protocol, that's where the Checksum mismatch -- will transfer entire file error occurs. Actually I mirror the whole repository by cvsup from cvsup?.ru.freebsd.org and then make it available over cvs to a bunch of hosts at the local network. Updating every host in my network from anoncvs.fr.FreeBSD.org or a similar server would be a waste of bandwidth and resources. -- Victor Sudakov, VAS4-RIPE, VAS47-RIPN sip:suda...@sibptus.tomsk.ru ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Checksum mismatch -- will transfer entire file
Victor Sudakov v...@mpeks.tomsk.su wrote: ... [svn] needs python26, perl and tcl - all the three of them ... It seems you may have discovered the significance of the name: it subverts the sysadmin's sanity. Maybe it can find practical use as a meta-port for scripting languages, if someone cares to add ruby to the mix ;) ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: chroot SSH users.
On Sunday 27 December 2009 18:16:47 krad wrote: fairly easy if you read the man page 8) I wrote this howto for sun boxes at work but it was using openssh so same rules should apply. Make sure chroot support was compiled in though 1. Dont bother with sun ssh it wont work. Opensolaris and later solaris 10 are bundled with openssh though. 2. Make sure openssh version is 5 or above (some 4s do work but 5 better) 3. Add these lines to sshd config Match Group sftponly ChrootDirectory /home/chroot/%u X11Forwarding no AllowTcpForwarding no ForceCommand internal-sftp 4. Make sure the Subsystem line is this Subsystem sftpinternal-sftp 5. create the sftponly group on the system 6. put the relevent users in this group. be careful as you will stop them being able to ssh in!! 7. Dead important this bit !!! mkdir -p /home/chroot/user/home/user/.ssh chown -R root /home/chroot/user chown -R user /home/chroot/user Shouldn't this line be: chown -R user /home/chroot/user/home/user chmod -R 755 /home/chroot/user /home/chroot/user/home/user ln -s /home/chroot/user/home/user /home/. 8. Put their ssh keys in /home/chroot/user/home/user/.ssh All should now work ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: How to force tar to be quiet?
Коньков Евгений wrote: Здравствуйте, Matthew. Вы писали 27 декабря 2009 г., 20:46:05: MS Коньков Евгений wrote: Здравствуйте, Freebsd-questions. when tar -cf file.tar /home/* It always says: tar: Removing leading '/' from member names man tar -P Preserve pathnames... But I do not need to preserve. I want to tar without that warning. How to force tar to be quiet? MS Don't give the leading '/' in path names. Like so: MStar -cf file.tar -C / home MS Cheers, MS Matthew # tar -cf /home/kes/backup/conf/aaa_etc.tar -C / boot/loader.conf etc/* usr/local/etc/* usr/local/virtwww/* tar: No match. Yep. As shown, you don't need '*' here. tar(1) is perfectly capable of recursing through a directory hierarchy given only the name of the top level directory. [ * is actually expanded by your shell, rather than tar, so it's trying to match filenames against your current working directory, and not against the directory the '-C' switches tar to.] And next does not work as expected: # tar -cf /home/kes/backup/conf/aaa_etc.tar -C / boot/loader.conf etc usr/local/etc usr/local/virtwww I get: boot etc mysite local sub usr virtwww Hmmm... I can't reproduce this locally. If I run: sudo tar -cf foo.tar -C / etc boot then I get (as expected) a tarball with the contents of /etc and /boot -- not only that, but there's nothing printed to stdout/stderr while the command runs. Are any of the directories concerned symbolic links on your system? tar(1) handles sym-links quite carefully given that it's possible to use them to generate specially crafted tar archives that you can use to trick an unwary admin into overwriting security sensitive files. As a rule of thumb, when specifying directory trees to back-up, try and avoid having any path components being symbolic links. Why local, sub, mysite, virtwww are in ROOT or tar??? 'local' must be under 'usr' 'virtwww' must be under 'local' 'mysite' must be under 'virtwww' but not in root Why I get that wrong result? You'ld need to tell us a lot more detail about your system before anyone can answer that. We can guess -- the sym-link problems I talk about above are my attempt -- and I can tell you that the command as stated works for me, where everything is installed in a single UFS2 filesystem and it's all arranged in the natural directory tree without trying to rearrange chunks of filesystems using sym-links. If you're doing anything different to that, then please say so. Cheers, Matthew -- Dr Matthew J Seaman MA, D.Phil. 7 Priory Courtyard Flat 3 PGP: http://www.infracaninophile.co.uk/pgpkey Ramsgate Kent, CT11 9PW signature.asc Description: OpenPGP digital signature
Re: Checksum mismatch -- will transfer entire file
On Mon, Dec 28, 2009 at 11:46:37AM +0600, Victor Sudakov wrote: Victor Sudakov wrote: [dd] I would be happy to use svn as I do for my own projects. To run a cvs repository, you just need /usr/bin/cvs started from inetd. It is even in the base system. To run a subversion repository, you need much more infrastructure and more overhead (lots of dependencies from ports, probably a Web server, a database backend etc). Besides, cvs is conveniently integrated with Kerberos (we use :gserver: all the time) which I am not sure is possible with subversion. I have just built and installed ports/devel/subversion on a fresh box. The port installed 17 dependent ports: Several of which are only build-dependencies. If you were to install subversion as a package far fewer dependencies would be installed. Of the ports you list autoconf/automake, libtool, help2man, perl, python, and tcl (and possibly some more) are only needed when building the port. apr-ipv6-gdbm-1.3.8.1.3.9 Apache Portability Library autoconf-2.62 Automatically configure source code on many Un*x platforms autoconf-wrapper-20071109 Wrapper script for GNU autoconf automake-1.9.6_3GNU Standards-compliant Makefile generator (1.9) automake-wrapper-20071109 Wrapper script for GNU automake expat-2.0.1 XML 1.0 parser written in C gdbm-1.8.3_3The GNU database manager help2man-1.36.4_3 Automatically generating simple manual pages from program o libiconv-1.13.1 A character set conversion library libtool-2.2.6b Generic shared library support script m4-1.4.13,1 GNU m4 neon28-0.28.6 An HTTP and WebDAV client library for Unix systems perl-5.8.9_3Practical Extraction and Report Language python26-2.6.4 An interpreted object-oriented programming language sqlite3-3.6.19 An SQL database engine in a C library subversion-1.6.6_1 Version control system tcl-8.5.8 Tool Command Language tcl-modules-8.5.8 Tcl common modules There could have been more but I had disabled some crap like the BDB backend. Please compare all this with a single /usr/bin/cvs binary and be horrified. Of course it needs python26, perl and tcl - all the three of them. I don't think I want all this on every server I plan to makeworld on. To cut a long story short, I would rather continue using cvs, perhaps until there is subversion-light in the base system. -- Victor Sudakov, VAS4-RIPE, VAS47-RIPN sip:suda...@sibptus.tomsk.ru ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org -- Insert your favourite quote here. Erik Trulsson ertr1...@student.uu.se ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Checksum mismatch -- will transfer entire file
Erik Trulsson wrote: I would be happy to use svn as I do for my own projects. To run a cvs repository, you just need /usr/bin/cvs started from inetd. It is even in the base system. To run a subversion repository, you need much more infrastructure and more overhead (lots of dependencies from ports, probably a Web server, a database backend etc). Besides, cvs is conveniently integrated with Kerberos (we use :gserver: all the time) which I am not sure is possible with subversion. I have just built and installed ports/devel/subversion on a fresh box. The port installed 17 dependent ports: Several of which are only build-dependencies. If you were to install subversion as a package far fewer dependencies would be installed. I agree, but then it would be compiled with BDB support which I loathe. (I have a reason to loathe BDB after using spamprobe with BDB backend for some time). (Of course, I always have the option to make my own package, I know that). BTW, does svn allow mirroring the whole FreeBSD repository (like cvsup in CVS mode), so that I can later checkout any branch from the local repository? Of the ports you list autoconf/automake, libtool, help2man, perl, python, and tcl (and possibly some more) are only needed when building the port. Sure, but even as a package it would depend on expat-2.0.1 neon28-0.28.6 sqlite3-3.6.19 gdbm-1.8.3_3 libiconv-1.13.1 apr-ipv6-gdbm-1.3.8.1.3.9 -- Victor Sudakov, VAS4-RIPE, VAS47-RIPN sip:suda...@sibptus.tomsk.ru ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
re-write is this booting info correct?
How is this rewrite correct? Users with Microsoft/Windows knowledge of how a hard drive is configured may have a terminology issue with FreeBSD. Microsoft/Windows and FreeBSD use the word partition to mean different (but related) things. The Microsoft/Windows fdisk program is used to allocate partitions on the hard drive. This program allocated two types of partitions “primary dos partition” and “extended dos partition”. A single “primary dos partition” occupying all the space on the hard drive would be assigned drive letter C. You can also sub-divide the hard drive into multiple “primary dos partition” each one being assigned a drive letter C, D, E, F, An alternate method is to allocate an “extended dos partition” and then sub-divide it into logical dos drives lettered C, D, E, F. One of these “primary dos partitions” or one of the logical dos drives in the “extended dos partition” must be set as the active partition to boot from. In a multiple partition allocation only one partition can be marked as bootable at one time. Typically legacy Microsoft/Windows Win3.1, Win95, Win98, WinMe, and Win2000 defaulted to a single “primary dos partition”. Starting with XP, PC manufactures started to provide support for their PC’s operating system by having a second “primary dos partition” where the original factory version of the system was hidden and used to restore the C drive back to the factory version when corrupted by a virus. Microsoft/Windows provides no native method of selecting which partition to boot from in a multiple partition allocation. FreeBSD’s fdisk program allocates disk space into slices. A FreeBSD slice is the same thing as a Microsoft/Windows “primary dos partition”. FreeBSD has nothing akin to an “extended dos partition”. The Microsoft/Windows partition and the FreeBSD slice is where the operating system software is installed. Microsoft/Windows operating system creates default folders that share the space in the partition. The FreeBSD ‘disk label’ program is used to sub-divide the slice into smaller chunks called partitions. In a standard install of FreeBSD, these partitions are the default directory names used by the operating system. The motherboard standard which was created in the days before windows desktop were even though of yet and at which time Microsoft DOS (disk operating system) was the only thing available. This legacy standard has continued un-updated to this current time and contributes to the limitations imposed on booting, disk layout and selection of which allocation on the hard disk to boot from. The motherboard BIOS ROM chip at power up inquires each device (floppies, cdrom, hard drive, usb memory stick) you selected in the BIOS menu to boot from. The hard drive has a MBR (Master Boot Record) a (512 byte block) located in sector-0 of the first physical track on the hard drive. This MBR contains bootstrap code and the disk partition table created by the fdisk program. The BIOS boot code reads the MBR code and disk partition table into memory and then transfers control to it. This MBR code is responsible for parsing the partition table and finding the bootable slice/partition that is marked 'active'. The MBR code then sets up the disk-address-offset information for the bootable slice/partition, and reads 'relative sector zero' from that slice/partition, and transfers control to that one-sector block of code that contains the unique operating system code to load it into memory. This hard drive 512-byte MBR is where all the limitations are. Do to it’s size the MBR partition table is limited to 4 entries. This means no matter how large your hard drive is (20MG or 200GB) you can only sub-divide it into a maximum 4 slices/partitions. The default MBR code written by the Microsoft/Windows fdisk program is hard coded to boot the C drive. The FreeBSD fdisk program has option to write a simple boot menu program to the MBR. There are MBR boot menu programs in the FreeBSD ports collection that you can load into the MBR on the first physical cabled hard drive to scan for other bootable primary-partitions/slices on this hard drive and any other hard drives cabled to the PC. It displays a menu giving you the option to choose which one you want to boot from. This gives you the ability to have more that one operating system installed on your PC at one time. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: re-write is this booting info correct?
On Mon, 28 Dec 2009 21:04:57 +0800, Fbsd1 fb...@a1poweruser.com wrote:
The Microsoft/Windows fdisk program is used to allocate partitions on
the hard drive. This program allocated two types of partitions “primary
dos partition” and “extended dos partition”.
Just a formal addition: primary DOS partition - DOS stands
for Disk Operating System, it's an abbreviation. You're
stating this later on, but you should do it at its first
occurance.
A single “primary dos partition” occupying all the space on the hard
drive would be assigned drive letter C.
The drive letters used seem to include the : as a part,
so it would be C: instead of plain C.
An alternate method is to allocate an “extended dos partition” and then
sub-divide it into logical dos drives lettered C, D, E, F.
I think the term is logical volume inside an extended DOS
partition; I'm not very familiar with their english names,
but that would correspond to the correct german name (found
in german versions of DOS); the term is volume or drive.
I've got no english DOS documentation here, so I can't
check for the correct term.
German: Primäre DOS-Partition and Logisches Laufwerk in
einer erweiterten DOS-Partition, and Laufwerk means
drive, but I think I recall that DOS uses volume for
this...
One of these
“primary dos partitions” or one of the logical dos drives in the
“extended dos partition” must be set as the active partition to boot
from.
I'm not sure you can actually boot from a logical volume
inside an extended DOS partition... as far as I remember,
booting can only take place from a primary DOS partition.
FreeBSD’s fdisk program allocates disk space into slices. A FreeBSD
slice is the same thing as a Microsoft/Windows “primary dos partition”.
FreeBSD has nothing akin to an “extended dos partition”.
It quite has - its slices (which are subdivided just as the
extended DOS partitions are, so its partitions are like -
but not the same as - the logical volumes inside a DOS
extended partition).
The
Microsoft/Windows partition and the FreeBSD slice is where the operating
system software is installed.
No. The software is installed on the partitions inside a
slice, or, to be more exact, in the file system that the
partition holds. There can be of course one partition
coviering the whole slice, so partition(s) would be
a valid term.
The FreeBSD
‘disk label’ program is used to sub-divide the slice into smaller chunks
called partitions. In a standard install of FreeBSD, these partitions
are the default directory names used by the operating system.
Not are - they _refer_ to them (or are refered to by
then), e. g. the default directory name / is the root
directory, but /dev/ad0s1a is the partition; /usr is the
directory for { UNIX system resources | user binaries and
libraries }, but /dev/ad0s1g is (maybe) the partition that
holds this data. In settings where one partition convers
the whole slice, there are no further mountpoints for the
divisions of functional parts of the system.
The motherboard standard which was created in the days before windows
desktop were even though of yet and at which time Microsoft DOS (disk
operating system) was the only thing available.
Sure. :-)
This hard drive 512-byte MBR is where all the limitations are. Do to
it’s size the MBR partition table is limited to 4 entries.
Due to its size...
This means no
matter how large your hard drive is (20MG or 200GB) you can only
sub-divide it into a maximum 4 slices/partitions.
20MB. But I'd like to have a 20 machine gun hard disk, too. :-)
The default MBR code written by the Microsoft/Windows fdisk program is
hard coded to boot the C drive. The FreeBSD fdisk program has option to
write a simple boot menu program to the MBR.
You could add that this program is called the FreeBSD boot
manager, because that's its actual name.
Everything else seems to be correct to me, as well as
written in an appealing way, and technically understandable.
--
Polytropon
Magdeburg, Germany
Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0
Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ...
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fetchmail and plain text password
I use fetchmail http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mail-fetchmail.html to download all my mail from the Uni mail server to my fbsd box. I typically run it in daemon mode, which requires having my mail server password in plain text in .fetchmailrc I'm a little worried about the security of having my password in plain text on the system. Is there a more secure arrangement that would still allow running fetchmail in daemon mode? Or maybe there is another software solution alltogether? many thanks anton -- Anton Shterenlikht Room 2.6, Queen's Building Mech Eng Dept Bristol University University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK Tel: +44 (0)117 331 5944 Fax: +44 (0)117 929 4423 ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re[2]: How to force tar to be quiet?
Здравствуйте, Matthew. Вы писали 28 декабря 2009 г., 12:04:47: #cd / # ls -l total 5111 -rw-r--r-- 2 root wheel 786 7 сен 2008 .cshrc -rw-r--r-- 2 root wheel 253 7 сен 2008 .profile drwxrwxr-x 2 root operator 512 8 окт 2008 .snap -r--r--r-- 1 root wheel6188 7 сен 2008 COPYRIGHT drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel1024 21 ноя 2008 bin drwxr-xr-x 8 root wheel 512 16 июн 2009 boot lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 10 8 окт 2008 compat - usr/compat dr-xr-xr-x 4 root wheel 512 15 дек 18:41 dev lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 14 23 ноя 2008 e - /usr/local/etc -rw--- 1 root wheel4096 9 ноя 01:02 entropy drwxr-xr-x 21 root wheel2560 25 дек 22:43 etc lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 8 8 окт 2008 home - usr/home drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel1536 21 ноя 2008 lib drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 21 ноя 2008 libexec lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 36 13 янв 2009 m - /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8 drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 7 сен 2008 media drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 7 сен 2008 mnt lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 19 14 дек 2008 p - /home/kes/projects/ dr-xr-xr-x 1 root wheel 0 28 дек 17:14 proc lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 19 23 ноя 2008 r - /usr/local/etc/rc.d -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel4787 15 дек 18:42 razor-agent.log drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel2560 21 ноя 2008 rescue drwxr-xr-x 7 root wheel 512 3 ноя 20:53 root lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 21 5 дек 2008 s - /usr/local/sharedzone drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel2560 21 ноя 2008 sbin lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 11 21 ноя 2008 sys - usr/src/sys -rw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 1854498 28 дек 07:40 test drwxrwxrwt 12 root wheel 520192 28 дек 15:34 tmp drwxr-xr-x 17 root wheel 512 3 янв 2009 usr lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 18 4 дек 2008 v - /usr/local/virtwww drwxr-xr-x 29 root wheel 512 15 дек 18:41 var -rw--- 1 root wheel 2727936 11 дек 10:56 verlihub.core # uname -a FreeBSD kes.net.ua 7.1-RELEASE FreeBSD 7.1-RELEASE #0: Sat Jan 3 01:15:39 EET 2009 k...@kes.net.ua:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/KES_KERN_v7 i386 # df -h Filesystem SizeUsed Avail Capacity Mounted on /dev/ad1s1a496M267M189M59%/ devfs 1.0K1.0K 0B 100%/dev /dev/ad1s1f496M116M340M26%/tmp /dev/ad1s1g 38G 21G 14G61%/usr /dev/ad1s1e7.7G6.1G1.0G86%/var /dev/ad1s1d 23G8.0K 21G 0%/usr/local/squid procfs 4.0K4.0K 0B 100%/proc devfs 1.0K1.0K 0B 100%/var/named/dev Shell I use: /bin/sh To reproduce try next: NOTICE i have more than two (as in your example) directories to tar I have two of them with same begin path: usr/local usr/local/etc usr/local/virtwww MS Коньков Евгений wrote: Здравствуйте, Matthew. Вы писали 27 декабря 2009 г., 20:46:05: MS Коньков Евгений wrote: Здравствуйте, Freebsd-questions. when tar -cf file.tar /home/* It always says: tar: Removing leading '/' from member names man tar -P Preserve pathnames... But I do not need to preserve. I want to tar without that warning. How to force tar to be quiet? MS Don't give the leading '/' in path names. Like so: MStar -cf file.tar -C / home MS Cheers, MS Matthew # tar -cf /home/kes/backup/conf/aaa_etc.tar -C / boot/loader.conf etc/* usr/local/etc/* usr/local/virtwww/* tar: No match. MS Yep. As shown, you don't need '*' here. tar(1) is perfectly capable of recursing MS through a directory hierarchy given only the name of the top level directory. MS [ * is actually expanded by your shell, rather than tar, so it's trying to match MS filenames against your current working directory, and not against the directory MS the '-C' switches tar to.] And next does not work as expected: # tar -cf /home/kes/backup/conf/aaa_etc.tar -C / boot/loader.conf etc usr/local/etc usr/local/virtwww I get: boot etc mysite local sub usr virtwww MS Hmmm... I can't reproduce this locally. If I run: MSsudo tar -cf foo.tar -C / etc boot MS then I get (as expected) a tarball with the contents of /etc and /boot -- not MS only that, but there's nothing printed to stdout/stderr while the command runs. MS Are any of the directories concerned symbolic links on your system? tar(1) MS handles sym-links quite carefully given that it's possible to use them to MS generate specially crafted tar archives that you can use to trick an unwary MS admin into overwriting security sensitive files. As a rule of thumb, when MS specifying directory trees to back-up, try and avoid having any path components MS being symbolic links. Why local, sub, mysite, virtwww are in ROOT or tar??? 'local' must be under 'usr' 'virtwww' must be under 'local'
Re: Max kernel dump size
cronfy cro...@gmail.com writes: How can I calculate max kernel dump size? I want to create my swap partition as small as possible, just to fit kernel dump needs. I'm not sure you really can. You'll definitely have enough if you allow a bit more than you have memory, but these days that's going to be overkill most of the time. -- Lowell Gilbert, embedded/networking software engineer, Boston area http://be-well.ilk.org/~lowell/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Missing library building Amarok
Hi all! When building Amarok I get the following message: Error: shared library sgutils.1 does not exist How can I obtain more information about it and where can I get it? Greetings Frank -- GU d- s:+ a+ C+$ UBS$ P L- !E--- W N+@ !o K--? !w--- O !M- !V- PS+ PE Y? !PGP- t+ 5 X !R tv- b++ DI !D G e h+ r- y? When pack meets pack in the jungle and no one will move from the trail wait till the leaders have spoken it may be fair words shall prevail (Rudyard Kipling) ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: chroot SSH users.
2009/12/28 Tijl Coosemans t...@coosemans.org On Sunday 27 December 2009 18:16:47 krad wrote: fairly easy if you read the man page 8) I wrote this howto for sun boxes at work but it was using openssh so same rules should apply. Make sure chroot support was compiled in though 1. Dont bother with sun ssh it wont work. Opensolaris and later solaris 10 are bundled with openssh though. 2. Make sure openssh version is 5 or above (some 4s do work but 5 better) 3. Add these lines to sshd config Match Group sftponly ChrootDirectory /home/chroot/%u X11Forwarding no AllowTcpForwarding no ForceCommand internal-sftp 4. Make sure the Subsystem line is this Subsystem sftpinternal-sftp 5. create the sftponly group on the system 6. put the relevent users in this group. be careful as you will stop them being able to ssh in!! 7. Dead important this bit !!! mkdir -p /home/chroot/user/home/user/.ssh chown -R root /home/chroot/user chown -R user /home/chroot/user Shouldn't this line be: chown -R user /home/chroot/user/home/user strictly yes I probably missed i step where i sym linked it as i was copying stuff from the shell history chmod -R 755 /home/chroot/user /home/chroot/user/home/user ln -s /home/chroot/user/home/user /home/. 8. Put their ssh keys in /home/chroot/user/home/user/.ssh All should now work ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: chroot SSH users.
2009/12/27 Marwan Sultan dead_l...@hotmail.com Dear Krad, Thank you for your reply, regarding your answer, i have few questions here 1- in sshd_config file the default line is : Subsystem sftp/usr/libexec/sftp-server So should i comment out the line? or just add your line ? Subsystem sftp internal-sftp Either should work, however I only know that the one i put works. 2- the SSH is the default one that comes with FreeBSD, I ofcourse didnot compile SSH in the system. Are you asking me to install additional packages? or to recompile ssh when you wrote : Make sure chroot support was compiled in Default should probably be ok, but again I haven't actually tested it so cant say for certain. If you do ever upgrade the base ssh from ports make sure you have the chroot bit compiled in 3- SSH users are using passwords not keygen, where do i get the keys for thier login? Thank you - Marwan You don't need to use key based auth, but we I generally do. The users have to create them with ssh-keygen. I usually use dsa. If you support windows users stay away from puttygen. It does work fine, its just it tends to generate keys in the wrong format which often leads to confusion. Hello people, Im on FreeBSD 7.2-R P5 Its easy to chroot ftp users - adding users to /etc/ftpchroot -makes the job easy. How about if I want to chroot the SSH users (not ftp) any easy way? no need for jail installation or anything like this.. I saw sshd_config file and it has a chrootdirectory but not sure how to use it.. Anyone? any tips? any easy way? Thank you -Marwan _ Hotmail: Free, trusted and rich email service. fairly easy if you read the man page 8) I wrote this howto for sun boxes at work but it was using openssh so same rules should apply. Make sure chroot support was compiled in though 1. Dont bother with sun ssh it wont work. Opensolaris and later solaris 10 are bundled with openssh though. 2. Make sure openssh version is 5 or above (some 4s do work but 5 better) 3. Add these lines to sshd config Match Group sftponly ChrootDirectory /home/chroot/%u X11Forwarding no AllowTcpForwarding no ForceCommand internal-sftp 4. Make sure the Subsystem line is this Subsystem sftp internal-sftp 5. create the sftponly group on the system 6. put the relevent users in this group. be careful as you will stop them being able to ssh in!! 7. Dead important this bit !!! mkdir -p /home/chroot/user/home/user/.ssh chown -R root /home/chroot/user chown -R user /home/chroot/user chmod -R 755 /home/chroot/user /home/chroot/user/home/user ln -s /home/chroot/user/home/user /home/. 8. Put their ssh keys in /home/chroot/user/home/user/.ssh All should now work If not check /etc/shadow the account might be locked, this just caught me out :) ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org -- Your E-mail and More On-the-Go. Get Windows Live Hotmail Free. Sign up now. http://clk.atdmt.com/GBL/go/171222985/direct/01/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Max kernel dump size
How can I calculate max kernel dump size? I want to create my swap partition as small as possible, just to fit kernel dump needs. I'm not sure you really can. You'll definitely have enough if you allow a bit more than you have memory, but these days that's going to be overkill most of the time. Yes, at this time I use SWAP = RAM + 1G formula. And yes, this is an overkill especially for expensive SAS drives. I've noticed that my kernel dumps do not exceed 2-3.5G usually. Maybe I can collect stats for amount of Active memory used and assume that kernel dump will not get larger than, say, Active memory + 50%? -- // cronfy ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Checksum mismatch -- will transfer entire file
On 12/28/2009 11:11 AM, Victor Sudakov wrote: Are you sure you understand me? I was talking about mirroring the whole repository with cvsup/cvsupd protocol, that's where the Checksum mismatch -- will transfer entire file error occurs. Sorry, I missed the part of conversation about cvs mode in cvsup. I thought you were talking about cvs not working... ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: how to modify date after unrar files?
2009/12/27 Tsu-Fan Cheng tfch...@gmail.com: Yeah, and I found there is a switch: tsm,c,a[N] Save or restore file time (modification, creation, access) but what is the [N] supposed to mean? thanks!! Without myself expending the effort, I'd guess epoch time. -- -- ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: fetchmail and plain text password
On Mon, Dec 28, 2009 at 03:15:53PM +, Anton Shterenlikht wrote: I use fetchmail http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/mail-fetchmail.html to download all my mail from the Uni mail server to my fbsd box. I typically run it in daemon mode, which requires having my mail server password in plain text in .fetchmailrc I'm a little worried about the security of having my password in plain text on the system. chown you:yourgroup ~/.fetchmailrc chmod 400 ~/.fetchmailrc With these changes, only you and the superuser can read that file. You could put your /home directory on an ecrypted partition, so that ~/.fetchmailrc is only readable when /home is mounted. Note that this only provides protection after the machine has been powered down. Is there a more secure arrangement that would still allow running fetchmail in daemon mode? I'd be more worried that your password is sent as plaintext over the network using e.g. POP3. You should use the --ssl option if your mailserver allows it. Or maybe there is another software solution alltogether? Presumably you are running a mailserver on your box. You can ask the administrator to forward mail to your machine by making an MX record for it. Roland -- R.F.Smith http://www.xs4all.nl/~rsmith/ [plain text _non-HTML_ PGP/GnuPG encrypted/signed email much appreciated] pgp: 1A2B 477F 9970 BA3C 2914 B7CE 1277 EFB0 C321 A725 (KeyID: C321A725) pgpt2emvyFTQd.pgp Description: PGP signature
¿Bandwidth limit to 31kBps for wlan?
Hi list I have this little issue with my wireless card: No matter where I am or what I'm downloading, I just can't download at more than 31kBps ever (only while using BSD). What should I do to be able to download faster? The bandwidth should be ~400kBps I'm using 8.0. /boot/loader.conf: bcmwl5_load=yes #I'm using the ndis driver . . /etc/rc.conf: netif_enable=YES synchronous_dhclient=YES wlans_ndis0=wlan0 ifconfig_wlan0=WPA DHCP . . pciconf -lv : nd...@pci0:3:0:0: class=0x028000 card=0x1366103c chip=0x432814e4 rev=0x03 hdr=0x00 vendor = 'Broadcom Corporation' device = 'Broadcom 432AGN 802.11a/b/g/draft-n Wi-Fi Solution (BCM4321KFBG)' class = network . . ndis0: flags=8843UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST metric 0 mtu 2290 ether 00:1a:73:00:00:00 media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet autoselect mode 11g status: associated wlan0: flags=8843UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST metric 0 mtu 1500 ether 00:1a:73:00:00:00 inet 192.168.0.00 netmask 0xff00 broadcast 192.168.3.255 media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet OFDM/54Mbps mode 11g status: associated ssid Q... channel 6 (2437 Mhz 11g) bssid 00:1d:7e:00:00:00 country US authmode WPA privacy OFF powersavemode CAM powersavesleep 100 txpower 0 bmiss 7 mcastrate 6 mgmtrate 6 scanvalid 60 protmode CTS roaming MANUAL bintval 0 -- [] [En muchos lugares, tomar fotos es visto como] [una costumbre vil y reprensible ] [] ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
xorg 7.4 questions
I have been trying to get xorg 7.4 first going and then updated. I have some general questions. First using xdm it takes from 3-5 minutes to start. Second, using hal and dbus even starting is an adventure. Once it started in well under a minute but mostly it just locks up. In reading Xorg.0.log and xdm.log, I see no errors. Is my time-to-start out of line? Using hal and dbus was working fine until I attempted updating xorg using portmaster, trying 'portmaster -n -PP xorg'. This gave me a list that seemed reasonable so I tried it for real, getting an error about finding an archive that I did not understand and the man page did not address. So I installed portupgrade and the 'hal dbus' version of xdm stopped working. I view this as coincidence but switching back to not using hal and dbus and using the ati driver (rather than radeon) works. As it appears that kde4 depends on having xorg updated, I am kind of stuck. Is the time-to-start an indication that I have a basic hardware issue and all my other symptoms derive that that? My last question is does kde4 require hal or dbus to be activiated? Doug _ Douglas Denault http://www.safeport.com d...@safeport.com Voice: 301-217-9220 Fax: 301-217-9277 ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Confusion About FreeBSD now supports host and guest modes in VirtualBox
Ivan Voras wrote: Ryan Ware wrote: Maybe someone here can distribute some enlightenment. In the press release for 8.0 it says, FreeBSD now supports host and guest modes in VirtualBox. I understand what the host mode support is with the VirtualBox port. What I don't understand is what support for guest mode is. I don't see anything anywhere about guest additions. As far as I can tell, guest support seems to consist of simply allowing the kernel to run in VirtualBox. Am I missing something? AFAIK no, that's it. Actually, it looks like the newest version (will arrive to ports soon) has guest tools/additions for FreeBSD. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: xorg 7.4 questions
On Mon, 28 Dec 2009, d...@safeport.com wrote: I have been trying to get xorg 7.4 first going and then updated. I have some general questions. First using xdm it takes from 3-5 minutes to start. Second, using hal and dbus even starting is an adventure. Once it started in well under a minute but mostly it just locks up. In reading Xorg.0.log and xdm.log, I see no errors. Is my time-to-start out of line? Yes. For testing, disable xdm and try just startx. If that's still slow, try Xorg -retro (ctrl-alt-backspace to quit, or maybe ctrl-alt-fn to switch back to the console running X and ctrl-c). I've heard of very slow starting with xdm but never got feedback to determine the problem. Using hal and dbus was working fine until I attempted updating xorg using portmaster, trying 'portmaster -n -PP xorg'. This gave me a list that seemed reasonable so I tried it for real, getting an error about finding an archive that I did not understand and the man page did not address. So I installed portupgrade and the 'hal dbus' version of xdm stopped working. I view this as coincidence but switching back to not using hal and dbus and using the ati driver (rather than radeon) works. What video board do you have? What is in your xorg.conf? The ATI driver is just an autoloader; if you have a Radeon, it'll load that anyway. As it appears that kde4 depends on having xorg updated, I am kind of stuck. Is the time-to-start an indication that I have a basic hardware issue and all my other symptoms derive that that? Doubtful. My last question is does kde4 require hal or dbus to be activiated? Probably not, but I use xfce. -Warren Block * Rapid City, South Dakota USA ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: ?Bandwidth limit to 31kBps for wlan?
On 12/28/09, Ishmael F.E. sulfur...@gmail.com wrote: Hi list I have this little issue with my wireless card: No matter where I am or what I'm downloading, I just can't download at more than 31kBps ever (only while using BSD). What should I do to be able to download faster? The bandwidth should be ~400kBps I'm using 8.0. /boot/loader.conf: bcmwl5_load=yes #I'm using the ndis driver . . /etc/rc.conf: netif_enable=YES synchronous_dhclient=YES wlans_ndis0=wlan0 ifconfig_wlan0=WPA DHCP . . pciconf -lv : nd...@pci0:3:0:0: class=0x028000 card=0x1366103c chip=0x432814e4 rev=0x03 hdr=0x00 vendor = 'Broadcom Corporation' device = 'Broadcom 432AGN 802.11a/b/g/draft-n Wi-Fi Solution (BCM4321KFBG)' class = network . . ndis0: flags=8843UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST metric 0 mtu 2290 ether 00:1a:73:00:00:00 media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet autoselect mode 11g status: associated wlan0: flags=8843UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST metric 0 mtu 1500 ether 00:1a:73:00:00:00 inet 192.168.0.00 netmask 0xff00 broadcast 192.168.3.255 media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet OFDM/54Mbps mode 11g status: associated ssid Q... channel 6 (2437 Mhz 11g) bssid 00:1d:7e:00:00:00 country US authmode WPA privacy OFF powersavemode CAM powersavesleep 100 txpower 0 bmiss 7 mcastrate 6 mgmtrate 6 scanvalid 60 protmode CTS roaming MANUAL bintval 0 Signal strength? What is displayed for ndis0 if you boot with verbose boot option. -- Paul B Mahol ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
the system does not boot
Dear Sir, I have installed BSD 7.2 release. All the installation worked fine till the first re-boot of the system. The reboot gos fine until the end where it breaks: Warning: /usr was not properly dismounted. Mounting /etc/fstab filesystems failed, startup aborted ERROR: ABORTING BOOT (sendingSIGTERM to parent)! Dec 28 19:43:06 init /bin/sh on /etc/rc terminated abnormally, going to single user mode Enter full pathname of shell or RETURN for /bin/sh: when I press return it displaysthe prompt #_ the command xstart freezes and I have no desktop and to shut down I have to press Ctrl Alt canc the machine is : Philips freevents X59, intel core 2 duo, 1G ram, 100 G hard disk. I have chose the partioning suggested from the installation. What should I do??? thnk you in advance for your help Gianrico Lamura I ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: ?Bandwidth limit to 31kBps for wlan?
2009/12/28 On 12/28/09 Hi list I have this little issue with my wireless card: No matter where I am or what I'm downloading, I just can't download at more than 31kBps ever (only while using BSD). What should I do to be able to download faster? The bandwidth should be ~400kBps I'm using 8.0. /boot/loader.conf: bcmwl5_load=yes #I'm using the ndis driver . . /etc/rc.conf: netif_enable=YES synchronous_dhclient=YES wlans_ndis0=wlan0 ifconfig_wlan0=WPA DHCP . . pciconf -lv : nd...@pci0:3:0:0: class=0x028000 card=0x1366103c chip=0x432814e4 rev=0x03 hdr=0x00 vendor = 'Broadcom Corporation' device = 'Broadcom 432AGN 802.11a/b/g/draft-n Wi-Fi Solution (BCM4321KFBG)' class = network . . ndis0: flags=8843UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST metric 0 mtu 2290 ether 00:1a:73:00:00:00 media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet autoselect mode 11g status: associated wlan0: flags=8843UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST metric 0 mtu 1500 ether 00:1a:73:00:00:00 inet 192.168.0.00 netmask 0xff00 broadcast 192.168.3.255 media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet OFDM/54Mbps mode 11g status: associated ssid Q... channel 6 (2437 Mhz 11g) bssid 00:1d:7e:00:00:00 country US authmode WPA privacy OFF powersavemode CAM powersavesleep 100 txpower 0 bmiss 7 mcastrate 6 mgmtrate 6 scanvalid 60 protmode CTS roaming MANUAL bintval 0 Signal strength? What is displayed for ndis0 if you boot with verbose boot option. -- Paul B Mahol I boot(ed?) in verbose mode (option 5?) but nothing interesting showed, just something like this: dmesg | egrep -ni ndis|wlan 10:Preloaded elf module /boot/kernel/ndis.ko at 0xc1b0f31c. 11:Preloaded elf module /boot/kernel/if_ndis.ko at 0xc1b0f3c8. 103:wlan: 802.11 Link Layer 472:ndis0: Broadcom 4321AG 802.11a/b/g/draft-n Wi-Fi Adapter mem 0xb600-0xb6003fff,0xd020-0xd02f at device 0.0 on pci3 473:ndis0: Reserved 0x4000 bytes for rid 0x10 type 3 at 0xb600 474:ndis0: Reserved 0x10 bytes for rid 0x18 type 3 at 0xd020 480:ndis0: [MPSAFE] 481:ndis0: [ITHREAD] 482:ndis0: NDIS API version: 5.1 483:ndis0: 11a rates: 6Mbps 9Mbps 12Mbps 18Mbps 24Mbps 36Mbps 48Mbps 54Mbps 484:ndis0: 11b rates: 1Mbps 2Mbps 5.5Mbps 11Mbps 485:ndis0: 11g rates: 6Mbps 9Mbps 12Mbps 18Mbps 24Mbps 36Mbps 48Mbps 54Mbps 794:wlan0: bpf attached 795:wlan0: Ethernet address: 00:1a:73:xx:xx:xx -- [] [En muchos lugares, tomar fotos es visto como] [una costumbre vil y reprensible ] [] ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
pulseaudio warning message
FreeBSD-7.2 From time to time, I see a warning similar to this in the /var/log/messages log file: Dec 28 11:43:30 scorpio pulseaudio[3850]: module.c: module-detect is deprecated: Please use module-udev-detect instead of module-detect! Dec 28 11:43:30 scorpio pulseaudio[3850]: oss-util.c: '/dev/dsp2.0' doesn't support full duplex I am assuming that this is a harmless warning message. Would that assumption be correct? -- Jerry ges...@yahoo.com |=== |=== |=== |=== | Tact is the ability to tell a man he has an open mind when he has a hole in his head. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: pulseaudio warning message
On 12/28/09 2:38 PM, Jerry wrote: FreeBSD-7.2 From time to time, I see a warning similar to this in the /var/log/messages log file: Dec 28 11:43:30 scorpio pulseaudio[3850]: module.c: module-detect is deprecated: Please use module-udev-detect instead of module-detect! Dec 28 11:43:30 scorpio pulseaudio[3850]: oss-util.c: '/dev/dsp2.0' doesn't support full duplex I am assuming that this is a harmless warning message. Would that assumption be correct? Yes. The udev module is not going to work on FreeBSD since we don't have udev. Joe -- Jerry ges...@yahoo.com |=== |=== |=== |=== | Tact is the ability to tell a man he has an open mind when he has a hole in his head. ___ freebsd-gn...@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-gnome To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-gnome-unsubscr...@freebsd.org -- Joe Marcus Clarke FreeBSD GNOME Team :: gn...@freebsd.org FreeNode / #freebsd-gnome http://www.FreeBSD.org/gnome ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: the system does not boot
On Mon, Dec 28, 2009 at 1:51 PM, gianrico.lam...@lamia.infm.it wrote: Dear Sir, I have installed BSD 7.2 release. All the installation worked fine till the first re-boot of the system. The reboot gos fine until the end where it breaks: Warning: /usr was not properly dismounted. Mounting /etc/fstab filesystems failed, startup aborted ERROR: ABORTING BOOT (sendingSIGTERM to parent)! Dec 28 19:43:06 init /bin/sh on /etc/rc terminated abnormally, going to single user mode Enter full pathname of shell or RETURN for /bin/sh: when I press return it displaysthe prompt #_ the command xstart freezes and I have no desktop and to shut down I have to press Ctrl Alt canc the machine is : Philips freevents X59, intel core 2 duo, 1G ram, 100 G hard disk. I have chose the partioning suggested from the installation. What should I do??? thnk you in advance for your help Gianrico Lamura I ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org Try runing fsck -y /usr, is nothing wrong just a dirty Filesystem. -- mmm, interesante. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Checksum mismatch -- will transfer entire file
In the last episode (Dec 25), Victor Sudakov said: I cvsup the FreeBSD CVS repository daily from cvsup.ru.freebsd.org. Both the client and the server run CVSup Software version: SNAP_16_1h, Protocol version: 17.0. Recently I noticed that there are lots of messages Checksum mismatch -- will transfer entire file about all kinds of downloaded files. What could be the reason? Is my CVS repository corrupt or what? Is there a way to check the integrity of the entiry repository? I have read about there being a checksum mismatch problem in CVSup version before 15.4, but I am using SNAP_16_1h already. If this question is offtopic here, please direct me to a more relevant mailing list. TIA. Am I the only one to have this problem? I see this too. Running cvsup -k and looking at the bad files shows that the differences seem to be commit dates before 2000; one end has them as 99, and the other has 1999, which causes the checksum to change. -- Dan Nelson dnel...@allantgroup.com ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
New user - small file server questions and quick GUI question
Hi guys, first up I hope I am in the right place as my questions are of a generic nature about FreeBSD as I consider myself a new user not having much mileage with the OS as of yet! Secondly I just wanted to wish everyone a happy Christmas and New Year also since we are in that period :-) I will start with my GUI question as I believe that it is something simple: I attempted an install of 7.2 stable on my laptop and subsequently installed X11also. Now I didn't have any Xorg.conf file but each time I tried to start X from the CLI using the normal startx command (read the documentation through fully beforehand) but I didn't manage to get the mouse or keyboard to even work let alone starting the Gnome2 interface. Now I don't have that particular machine with me now as it's in another country but just wanted to know a few possible causes for the issue. I am guessing it's probably tied into not having the xorg.conf file but I will install a VM of it soon and be more specific with logs etc as I am used to Linux and Sun Solaris I know this is really ad-hoc and frowned upon way of asking which will probably earn me minus brownie points but just wanted a quick idea of what maybe so when the time comes I can investigate further! The second and main question that I wish to ask is more to do with peoples opinions or experienced BSD users advice: I am looking to setup a small file server which I will use as DNS and NTP server also. The reason for selecting FreeBSD is that the system I about to install onto doesn't have much memory (not sure how much but probably in the region of 300-500MB perhaps) and although Linux would definitely suite this kind of system as Solaris needs round 2GB or so for OpenSolaris, I am quite interested to learn FreeBSD but also take advantage of the ZFS file system which is standard now in version 8. I won't be installing a GUI on this machine since it is going to be a server so I would like to know if BSD has a small footprint memory and CPU wise for me to run on the machine in question which is a PIV? Also just to make sure: NFS, Samba, NTPd, and ISC's Bind are all supported on FreeBSD aren't they?? I know this is a bit of an RTFM issue here but for example the Solaris implementation of NTP and even SNMP are slightly different from the GNU or GPL based ones in Linux so therefor I have to ask :-) Many thanks for any responses Best regards, Kaya ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: New user - small file server questions and quick GUI question
On Mon, Dec 28, 2009 at 3:49 PM, Kaya Saman kayasa...@optiplex-networks.com wrote: Hi guys, first up I hope I am in the right place as my questions are of a generic nature about FreeBSD as I consider myself a new user not having much mileage with the OS as of yet! Secondly I just wanted to wish everyone a happy Christmas and New Year also since we are in that period :-) I will start with my GUI question as I believe that it is something simple: I attempted an install of 7.2 stable on my laptop and subsequently installed X11also. Now I didn't have any Xorg.conf file but each time I tried to start X from the CLI using the normal startx command (read the documentation through fully beforehand) but I didn't manage to get the mouse or keyboard to even work let alone starting the Gnome2 interface. Now I don't have that particular machine with me now as it's in another country but just wanted to know a few possible causes for the issue. I am guessing it's probably tied into not having the xorg.conf file but I will install a VM of it soon and be more specific with logs etc as I am used to Linux and Sun Solaris I know this is really ad-hoc and frowned upon way of asking which will probably earn me minus brownie points but just wanted a quick idea of what maybe so when the time comes I can investigate further! Running with no xorg.conf is fine, but you need to make sure dbus and hal are started at boot. Follow the handbook for best results. http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/books/handbook/x-config.html The second and main question that I wish to ask is more to do with peoples opinions or experienced BSD users advice: I am looking to setup a small file server which I will use as DNS and NTP server also. The reason for selecting FreeBSD is that the system I about to install onto doesn't have much memory (not sure how much but probably in the region of 300-500MB perhaps) and although Linux would definitely suite this kind of system as Solaris needs round 2GB or so for OpenSolaris, I am quite interested to learn FreeBSD but also take advantage of the ZFS file system which is standard now in version 8. I won't be installing a GUI on this machine since it is going to be a server so I would like to know if BSD has a small footprint memory and CPU wise for me to run on the machine in question which is a PIV? Also just to make sure: NFS, Samba, NTPd, and ISC's Bind are all supported on FreeBSD aren't they?? I know this is a bit of an RTFM issue here but for example the Solaris implementation of NTP and even SNMP are slightly different from the GNU or GPL based ones in Linux so therefor I have to ask :-) If you're concerned about system resources, at least from a minimalist perspective, then ZFS is not for you. Solaris can't help you with that either, ZFS is hungry. ZFS is also not standard, but considered production ready. UFS is still the standard, and the only filesystem supported by the installer without resorting to tricks. All the other services work well on FreeBSD. -- Adam Vande More ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
more on click-feedback.
The fellow who showed some interest in my need for some kybd feedback is a volunteer from Gallaudet U. Altho it is unlikely that I'll get a free XO to hack on, the chances are better if I have some kind of team. The obvious conflict--if it can be called that--is that the XO is Red Hat. Another thing is that I know virtually nothing about the Linux kernel. With FBSD, I'm looking at the dev/* files I have to work with. requests for Help on the Linux side are not necessary. Obviously, anything I come up with can very likely be ported to the Linux kernel if they want it. I'm making no claim whatsoever on whatever kind of clicky thing I can hack. There are other ways of doing this, but I want the clicks to be available with or without X11. xset.c relies on the Xlib stuff that I started hacking on in 1996; gave it up after six months. Bottom line is that my text-to-speech app should be usable from a cheap notebook without X to a clunky ThinkPad with/without X. -- Gary Kline kl...@thought.org http://www.thought.org Public Service Unix http://jottings.thought.org http://transfinite.thought.org The 7.79a release of Jottings: http://jottings.thought.org/index.php ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: New user - small file server questions and quick GUI question
Running with no xorg.conf is fine, but you need to make sure dbus and hal are started at boot. Follow the handbook for best results. http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/books/handbook/x-config.html I'm sure I started them as this doc is exactly what I followed.. I think if I recall correctly or at least something like it?? Anyway as explained I will use Vbox to check 100% and then at least have proper logs and cli output to compare to and give everyone an idea of what's going on unlike now! If you're concerned about system resources, at least from a minimalist perspective, then ZFS is not for you. Solaris can't help you with that either, ZFS is hungry. ZFS is also not standard, but considered production ready. UFS is still the standard, and the only filesystem supported by the installer without resorting to tricks. Yes ZFS is hungry :-) I run Solaris 10 on an ancient Sun Netra T105 server with 360MB of RAM which uses ZFS file system and apart being a reverse proxy it won't handle anything else easily. Also my E420r server with 1GB of RAM running Sun Ray software is limited to just that and can only handle 1 Ray unit on top of the SXCE (Solaris Express Community Edition) OS. I know how strong UFS v.1 is as I use it with Solaris 9, but how about UFS v.2 which is what FreeBSD runs?? When compared with ext3 from a performance/reliability perspective which one comes on top? Also if something goes wrong with the filesystem what are the tools to check the drive and repair errors as in Linux I use e2fsck followed by device ID. As mention UFS v.1 is incredibly strong especially when run on SCSI II drives that the Sun Netra T105 uses so I haven't had an FS failure yet and if UFS v.2 is similar I don't suspect having a failure either although this machine will have IDE drives and uses x86 architecture as opposed to SPARC. In fact I am only really after ZFS for its self healing properties as I don't mind going with any file system as long as it's stable. Ext3 although easily repairable is quite unstable on my systems anyway! All the other services work well on FreeBSD. -- Adam Vande More Cool, thanks Adam! :-) I appreciate the response. Kaya ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: New user - small file server questions and quick GUI question
On Mon, Dec 28, 2009 at 4:42 PM, Kaya Saman samank...@netscape.net wrote: I know how strong UFS v.1 is as I use it with Solaris 9, but how about UFS v.2 which is what FreeBSD runs?? When compared with ext3 from a performance/reliability perspective which one comes on top? I would say ufs2 easily wins, but remember this is the freebsd-questions list ;) There are some differences though, ufs2 uses softupdates, not journaling(journaling is available and easy to implement via gjournal). Softupdates I believe are a little faster than journaling, but it's drawback is long disk checking after a dirty shutdown. I've never had a ufs specific issue in hundreds if not thousands of deployments, but nothing is guaranteed. ufs does have a great track records and bunch of service hours logged. Also if something goes wrong with the filesystem what are the tools to check the drive and repair errors as in Linux I use e2fsck followed by device ID. Example after a dirty shutdown: fsck -y In fact I am only really after ZFS for its self healing properties as I don't mind going with any file system as long as it's stable. Ext3 although easily repairable is quite unstable on my systems anyway! That's actually a bit disconcerting, do you have hardware instability? -- Adam Vande More ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: New user - small file server questions and quick GUI question
On Mon, Dec 28, 2009 at 14:42, Kaya Saman samank...@netscape.net wrote: Running with no xorg.conf is fine, but you need to make sure dbus and hal are started at boot. Follow the handbook for best results. http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/books/handbook/x-config.html I'm sure I started them as this doc is exactly what I followed.. I think if I recall correctly or at least something like it?? Anyway as explained I will use Vbox to check 100% and then at least have proper logs and cli output to compare to and give everyone an idea of what's going on unlike now! I can't speak to the rest, but WRT the GUI, I suspect you'll find it a lot easier if you install a Window Manager to handle a lot of this. I have found xfce4 to be a good one for me - gnome and kde were a bit much. Once I installed /usr/ports/x11-wm/xfce4 with a 'make config-recursive' then chose my options, then 'make install', the GUI fired up just fine, and all of the hal/dbus stuff was handled for me. Kurt ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: New user - small file server questions and quick GUI question
I would say ufs2 easily wins, but remember this is the freebsd-questions list ;) There are some differences though, ufs2 uses softupdates, not journaling(journaling is available and easy to implement via gjournal). Softupdates I believe are a little faster than journaling, but it's drawback is long disk checking after a dirty shutdown. I've never had a ufs specific issue in hundreds if not thousands of deployments, but nothing is guaranteed. ufs does have a great track records and bunch of service hours logged. Cool meaning I am going UFS2 on my new install! Example after a dirty shutdown: fsck -y Aaah fsck :-) If I run this on an ext3 FS it tends to make things much worse as I did it once and got left with a whole bunch of unattached inodes :-( reason for Linux and ext3 e2fsck is much better I have found from personal experience! That's actually a bit disconcerting, do you have hardware instability? Nope! These systems are actually desktop systems which I run as servers as I couldn't afford to buy proper systems so got a whole bunch of cheap x86 boxes off Ebay. If running Scalix though I found it really eats up hard drives - although running a collaboration suite on a laptop is not the most intelligent thing to do but then what else can you do with a portable computer with bust LCD display? Left in my parents house in the UK now as I'm currently in Turkey but my lab from scavenged parts and systems: http://www.optiplex-networks.com/lab/lab.html -- Adam Vande More Kaya ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: New user - small file server questions and quick GUI question
I can't speak to the rest, but WRT the GUI, I suspect you'll find it a lot easier if you install a Window Manager to handle a lot of this. I have found xfce4 to be a good one for me - gnome and kde were a bit much. Once I installed /usr/ports/x11-wm/xfce4 with a 'make config-recursive' then chose my options, then 'make install', the GUI fired up just fine, and all of the hal/dbus stuff was handled for me. Kurt I thought Gnome already came with Nautilus as Window manager??? Or in FreeBSD is it extra? Sorry am not used to doing things from scratch but soon I will get the hang of it - just give me a couple of days to get the file server I am on about up and running then will transfer the stuff clogging my notebooks HD over there and install a VM through Vbox and really have a go at understanding the GUI. I did play around with FreeBSIE which is FreeBSD with the GUI installed as a live CD which was really cool and light and worked especially well on my 512MB RAM laptop. Now I don't have a memory issue as I have 6GB on a newer machine running 64bit OS's all the way but still need to get to grips with this :-) Thanks for the tip Kurt! Regards, --Kaya ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: New user - small file server questions and quick GUI question
On Monday 28 December 2009 22:49:31 Kaya Saman wrote: Hi guys, first up I hope I am in the right place as my questions are of a generic nature about FreeBSD as I consider myself a new user not having much mileage with the OS as of yet! Secondly I just wanted to wish everyone a happy Christmas and New Year also since we are in that period :-) I will start with my GUI question as I believe that it is something simple: I attempted an install of 7.2 stable on my laptop and subsequently installed X11also. Now I didn't have any Xorg.conf file but each time I tried to start X from the CLI using the normal startx command (read the documentation through fully beforehand) but I didn't manage to get the mouse or keyboard to even work let alone starting the Gnome2 interface. The most common cause is that either hald (sysutils/hal) or dbus (devel/dbus) isn't running. Xorg needs them both to detect mouse and keyboard. Add dbus_enable=YES and hald_enable=YES to rc.conf to get them to start automatically. Now I don't have that particular machine with me now as it's in another country but just wanted to know a few possible causes for the issue. I am guessing it's probably tied into not having the xorg.conf file but I will install a VM of it soon and be more specific with logs etc as I am used to Linux and Sun Solaris I know this is really ad-hoc and frowned upon way of asking which will probably earn me minus brownie points but just wanted a quick idea of what maybe so when the time comes I can investigate further! The second and main question that I wish to ask is more to do with peoples opinions or experienced BSD users advice: I am looking to setup a small file server which I will use as DNS and NTP server also. The reason for selecting FreeBSD is that the system I about to install onto doesn't have much memory (not sure how much but probably in the region of 300-500MB perhaps) and although Linux would definitely suite this kind of system as Solaris needs round 2GB or so for OpenSolaris, I am quite interested to learn FreeBSD but also take advantage of the ZFS file system which is standard now in version 8. I agree with Adam Vande More's opinion that UFS2 is the way to go on such a low memory system. UFS2 also works well with large disks (1+ TB) if you tune the newfs parameters a bit (mainly to shorten the fsck time). With geom(8) you can do all kinds of mirroring/striping if you're into RAID. With regards to stability, UFS2 was before the import of ZFS the only filesystem widely used. It is very well tested, and in my opinion, very stable. In fact, I can't remember ever having a UFS2 filesystem go bad to the point I couldn't repair it anymore. If you're expecting lots of power outages, it may be worthwile to set up journaling using gjournal(8), which will reduce fsck times considerably, at the cost of reduced streaming write speed (which will halve unless a dedicated journal disk is used). I won't be installing a GUI on this machine since it is going to be a server so I would like to know if BSD has a small footprint memory and CPU wise for me to run on the machine in question which is a PIV? That won't be a problem. To illustrate, FreeBSD on a 256MB (i386) machine has about 211MB memory free just after startup. To be safe you could configure a large swap, so the system won't kill the memory hogs as soon as it runs out of memory. Also just to make sure: NFS, Samba, NTPd, and ISC's Bind are all supported on FreeBSD aren't they?? I know this is a bit of an RTFM issue here but for example the Solaris implementation of NTP and even SNMP are slightly different from the GNU or GPL based ones in Linux so therefor I have to ask :-) NFS, BIND, SNMP (bsnmpd) and NTP come with the OS and are installed by default. Samba can be installed from ports. Many thanks for any responses Best regards, Kaya Good luck! Pieter ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: New user - small file server questions and quick GUI question
On Mon, Dec 28, 2009 at 15:29, Kaya Saman samank...@netscape.net wrote: I can't speak to the rest, but WRT the GUI, I suspect you'll find it a lot easier if you install a Window Manager to handle a lot of this. I have found xfce4 to be a good one for me - gnome and kde were a bit much. Once I installed /usr/ports/x11-wm/xfce4 with a 'make config-recursive' then chose my options, then 'make install', the GUI fired up just fine, and all of the hal/dbus stuff was handled for me. Kurt I thought Gnome already came with Nautilus as Window manager??? Or in FreeBSD is it extra? I see I didn't completely read your original message. Indulge me a moment while I ramble here, and probably expose my ignorance... Xorg/X11 Gnome Nautilis is a file manager, unless I misremember. The native file manager for xfce4 is Thunar. Gnome, like xfce4 (and ratpoison, kde, etc.) is a Window Manager, which depends on Xorg/X11 to function. WMs are usually installed installed after Xorg. Did you install gnome from source, or did you use 'pkg_add -r'? I don't know why, but I seem to have better luck, though it takes much longer, if I use 'make install' from the ports tree. Sorry am not used to doing things from scratch but soon I will get the hang of it - just give me a couple of days to get the file server I am on about up and running then will transfer the stuff clogging my notebooks HD over there and install a VM through Vbox and really have a go at understanding the GUI. I'm not far along that learning curve myself. Heh. I started on an old Toshiba laptop with 256mbytes RAM, and Freesbie worked well on that. I then learned how to install from scratch. That was, um, interesting. I hated Linux, as it seems so arcane. Well, perhaps 'hate' is too strong a word, but it left a bad taste in my mouth. Once I worked with FreeBSD, it became much more clear. Things seem to be done more sanely in FreeBSD. Now I have a nice 4gbyte Lenovo T61, and I still like xfce4 - it does what I want, and I didn't want to expend the effort to learn anything new. I did play around with FreeBSIE which is FreeBSD with the GUI installed as a live CD which was really cool and light and worked especially well on my 512MB RAM laptop. Now I don't have a memory issue as I have 6GB on a newer machine running 64bit OS's all the way but still need to get to grips with this :-) If you're very familiar with gnome, you might wish to stay with it. If you're just learning, for both gnome and xfce4, my preference would be for xfce4. But that's just me, and you'll get at least 10 different answers from the first 8 people you meet. Thanks for the tip Kurt! Regards, --Kaya ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: New user - small file server questions and quick GUI question
The most common cause is that either hald (sysutils/hal) or dbus (devel/dbus) isn't running. Xorg needs them both to detect mouse and keyboard. Add dbus_enable=YES and hald_enable=YES to rc.conf to get them to start automatically. We'll see what the issue actually is - as I mentioned I kinda stuffed this question in without any proper log or tty output to support anything I mentioned which is quite ad-hoc and not recommended on mailing lists of this caliber unless wanting to irritate the participants. Just need to clear up my notebooks drive first before setting up the VM environment to test! I agree with Adam Vande More's opinion that UFS2 is the way to go on such a low memory system. UFS2 also works well with large disks (1+ TB) if you tune the newfs parameters a bit (mainly to shorten the fsck time). With geom(8) you can do all kinds of mirroring/striping if you're into RAID. With regards to stability, UFS2 was before the import of ZFS the only filesystem widely used. It is very well tested, and in my opinion, very stable. In fact, I can't remember ever having a UFS2 filesystem go bad to the point I couldn't repair it anymore. If you're expecting lots of power outages, it may be worthwile to set up journaling using gjournal(8), which will reduce fsck times considerably, at the cost of reduced streaming write speed (which will halve unless a dedicated journal disk is used). I agree also and thank you guys for your opinions! As mentioned I know UFS1 from Solaris 9 on my SPARC systems and have never had any issues with it at all. Hang on what are these things called slices and this wacky naming convention I thought disks where labeled hdax or sdax according to the partition :-P sorry internal joke! That won't be a problem. To illustrate, FreeBSD on a 256MB (i386) machine has about 211MB memory free just after startup. To be safe you could configure a large swap, so the system won't kill the memory hogs as soon as it runs out of memory. Yeah I reckon large swap also! Usually round 2 or 3 times amount of memory but for everyday generic use I find about 1.5 - 3 gigs is enough. This is the good part of static filesystems I find over ZFS is that the swap space is easily tunable without editing ZFS pools or other. NFS, BIND, SNMP (bsnmpd) and NTP come with the OS and are installed by default. Samba can be installed from ports. Hmm I will need a bit of assistance for the ports part as I'm kinda used to Debian backports through the Apt repos but BSD ports is something quite different. I'm sure there's plenty of documentation on the web to find out how to install and implement! bsnmpd sounds to me more like snmpx from Solaris in terms of that it is different from opensnmpd. Not a problem won't be doing any SNMP monitoring right now as I don't have anything to monitor as my router isn't even my beloved Cisco at the mo. When I have more memory I will play around with SNMP monitoring software if available for BSD, and my all time favorite: Cacti. Good luck! Pieter Thanks a lot Pieter --Kaya ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: New user - small file server questions and quick GUI question
Kurt Buff wrote: On Mon, Dec 28, 2009 at 15:29, Kaya Saman samank...@netscape.net wrote: I see I didn't completely read your original message. Indulge me a moment while I ramble here, and probably expose my ignorance... Xorg/X11 Gnome Gnome runs on Xorg: Xorg/Xfree runs X11 Xfree is now obsolete as Xorg is much better. Nautilis is a file manager, unless I misremember. The native file manager for xfce4 is Thunar. Gnome, like xfce4 (and ratpoison, kde, etc.) is a Window Manager, which depends on Xorg/X11 to function. WMs are usually installed installed after Xorg. Correct on both counts :-) Did you install gnome from source, or did you use 'pkg_add -r'? I don't know why, but I seem to have better luck, though it takes much longer, if I use 'make install' from the ports tree. I used pkg_add! Am such a package manager guy as although have compiled quite a bit of stuff I find on some systems such as Sun Solaris compiling can be a nightmare. Especially if it means hacking out source code and using special make parameters as I'm not a programmer but also not that far advanced when it comes down to building software from scratch! I'm not far along that learning curve myself. Heh. I started on an old Toshiba laptop with 256mbytes RAM, and Freesbie worked well on that. I then learned how to install from scratch. That was, um, interesting. I hated Linux, as it seems so arcane. Well, perhaps 'hate' is too strong a word, but it left a bad taste in my mouth. Once I worked with FreeBSD, it became much more clear. Things seem to be done more sanely in FreeBSD. Now I have a nice 4gbyte Lenovo T61, and I still like xfce4 - it does what I want, and I didn't want to expend the effort to learn anything new. Well, Linux has its advantages and for the last 2 years have completely used it as an M$ Windowz replacement as one can do almost everything on it. When I meant; not used to doing things from scratch I meant building the OS. I actually prefer doing a minimal install of CentOS with no software or GUI at all and then building the system up to what I need when it comes down to servers!!! Means I can fine tune the system that way and only use the system resources for what I need. Being a user of both Solaris and Linux though, they are both pretty cool with Solaris only hindered by lack of software and multimedia apps. Otherwise I think Solaris in Open guise would win anyday provided that the H/W support was as vast as Linux. If you're very familiar with gnome, you might wish to stay with it. If you're just learning, for both gnome and xfce4, my preference would be for xfce4. But that's just me, and you'll get at least 10 different answers from the first 8 people you meet. Have played round with everything including KDE3/4, XFCE, Blackbox, Fluxbox, Window Maker, CDE (on Solaris).. Wish there was something more, new and interesting but they're all a bit bland after a while. Gnome I find is more functional! If anyone has any idea of getting something like they use on TV shows like NCIS and CSI that would be really cool (not Hollywood OS) or something they use in the military that one sees on the discovery channel say on the US Navy ships. I mean I do develop GUI's for the OpenSolaris spin-off distro Belenix which can be seen here: http://www.optiplex-networks.com/belenix/index_belenix.html under themes. But really need a new concept of completely tricked out geeky 'suped' up WM. Lot's of bar graphs, text outputs and other really cool stuff embedded into it :-) - no need for Gkrellm or Conky or Torsmo anymore! ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: ?Bandwidth limit to 31kBps for wlan?
My bad, it was the gateway the one limiting the bandwidth : | Tanks anyway Have a nice day 2009/12/28 2009/12/28 On 12/28/09 Hi list I have this little issue with my wireless card: No matter where I am or what I'm downloading, I just can't download at more than 31kBps ever (only while using BSD). What should I do to be able to download faster? The bandwidth should be ~400kBps I'm using 8.0. /boot/loader.conf: bcmwl5_load=yes #I'm using the ndis driver . . /etc/rc.conf: netif_enable=YES synchronous_dhclient=YES wlans_ndis0=wlan0 ifconfig_wlan0=WPA DHCP . . pciconf -lv : nd...@pci0:3:0:0: class=0x028000 card=0x1366103c chip=0x432814e4 rev=0x03 hdr=0x00 vendor = 'Broadcom Corporation' device = 'Broadcom 432AGN 802.11a/b/g/draft-n Wi-Fi Solution (BCM4321KFBG)' class = network . . ndis0: flags=8843UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST metric 0 mtu 2290 ether 00:1a:73:00:00:00 media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet autoselect mode 11g status: associated wlan0: flags=8843UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST metric 0 mtu 1500 ether 00:1a:73:00:00:00 inet 192.168.0.00 netmask 0xff00 broadcast 192.168.3.255 media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet OFDM/54Mbps mode 11g status: associated ssid Q... channel 6 (2437 Mhz 11g) bssid 00:1d:7e:00:00:00 country US authmode WPA privacy OFF powersavemode CAM powersavesleep 100 txpower 0 bmiss 7 mcastrate 6 mgmtrate 6 scanvalid 60 protmode CTS roaming MANUAL bintval 0 Signal strength? What is displayed for ndis0 if you boot with verbose boot option. -- Paul B Mahol I boot(ed?) in verbose mode (option 5?) but nothing interesting showed, just something like this: dmesg | egrep -ni ndis|wlan 10:Preloaded elf module /boot/kernel/ndis.ko at 0xc1b0f31c. 11:Preloaded elf module /boot/kernel/if_ndis.ko at 0xc1b0f3c8. 103:wlan: 802.11 Link Layer 472:ndis0: Broadcom 4321AG 802.11a/b/g/draft-n Wi-Fi Adapter mem 0xb600-0xb6003fff,0xd020-0xd02f at device 0.0 on pci3 473:ndis0: Reserved 0x4000 bytes for rid 0x10 type 3 at 0xb600 474:ndis0: Reserved 0x10 bytes for rid 0x18 type 3 at 0xd020 480:ndis0: [MPSAFE] 481:ndis0: [ITHREAD] 482:ndis0: NDIS API version: 5.1 483:ndis0: 11a rates: 6Mbps 9Mbps 12Mbps 18Mbps 24Mbps 36Mbps 48Mbps 54Mbps 484:ndis0: 11b rates: 1Mbps 2Mbps 5.5Mbps 11Mbps 485:ndis0: 11g rates: 6Mbps 9Mbps 12Mbps 18Mbps 24Mbps 36Mbps 48Mbps 54Mbps 794:wlan0: bpf attached 795:wlan0: Ethernet address: 00:1a:73:xx:xx:xx -- [] [En muchos lugares, tomar fotos es visto como] [una costumbre vil y reprensible ] [] -- [] [En muchos lugares, tomar fotos es visto como] [una costumbre vil y reprensible ] [] ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: re-write is this booting info correct?
Polytropon wrote:
On Mon, 28 Dec 2009 21:04:57 +0800, Fbsd1 fb...@a1poweruser.com wrote:
The Microsoft/Windows fdisk program is used to allocate partitions on
the hard drive. This program allocated two types of partitions “primary
dos partition” and “extended dos partition”.
Just a formal addition: primary DOS partition - DOS stands
for Disk Operating System, it's an abbreviation. You're
stating this later on, but you should do it at its first
occurance.
for correctness i agree.
A single “primary dos partition” occupying all the space on the hard
drive would be assigned drive letter C.
The drive letters used seem to include the : as a part,
so it would be C: instead of plain C.
I have the win98 fdisk english version. I tested this and the fdisk
program displays just the drive letter with out the :. Now on the DOS
command line you do have to use the : to change to different drive, like
in to change to A: drive.
An alternate method is to allocate an “extended dos partition” and then
sub-divide it into logical dos drives lettered C, D, E, F.
I think the term is logical volume inside an extended DOS
partition; I'm not very familiar with their english names,
but that would correspond to the correct german name (found
in german versions of DOS); the term is volume or drive.
I've got no english DOS documentation here, so I can't
check for the correct term.
German: Primäre DOS-Partition and Logisches Laufwerk in
einer erweiterten DOS-Partition, and Laufwerk means
drive, but I think I recall that DOS uses volume for
this...
The correct word as displayed in the fdisk program is 'logical dos
drives' just the way i have it.
One of these
“primary dos partitions” or one of the logical dos drives in the
“extended dos partition” must be set as the active partition to boot
from.
I'm not sure you can actually boot from a logical volume
inside an extended DOS partition... as far as I remember,
booting can only take place from a primary DOS partition.
I tested this and can confirm you can boot from a logical drive
inside an extended DOS partition. Just have to set the active flag first.
FreeBSD’s fdisk program allocates disk space into slices. A FreeBSD
slice is the same thing as a Microsoft/Windows “primary dos partition”.
FreeBSD has nothing akin to an “extended dos partition”.
It quite has - its slices (which are subdivided just as the
extended DOS partitions are, so its partitions are like -
but not the same as - the logical volumes inside a DOS
extended partition).
The
Microsoft/Windows partition and the FreeBSD slice is where the operating
system software is installed.
No. The software is installed on the partitions inside a
slice, or, to be more exact, in the file system that the
partition holds. There can be of course one partition
coviering the whole slice, so partition(s) would be
a valid term.
The FreeBSD
‘disk label’ program is used to sub-divide the slice into smaller chunks
called partitions. In a standard install of FreeBSD, these partitions
are the default directory names used by the operating system.
Not are - they _refer_ to them (or are refered to by
then), e. g. the default directory name / is the root
directory, but /dev/ad0s1a is the partition; /usr is the
directory for { UNIX system resources | user binaries and
libraries }, but /dev/ad0s1g is (maybe) the partition that
holds this data. In settings where one partition convers
the whole slice, there are no further mountpoints for the
divisions of functional parts of the system.
The motherboard standard which was created in the days before windows
desktop were even though of yet and at which time Microsoft DOS (disk
operating system) was the only thing available.
Sure. :-)
This hard drive 512-byte MBR is where all the limitations are. Do to
it’s size the MBR partition table is limited to 4 entries.
Due to its size...
good catch.
This means no
matter how large your hard drive is (20MG or 200GB) you can only
sub-divide it into a maximum 4 slices/partitions.
20MB. But I'd like to have a 20 machine gun hard disk, too. :-)
back in win3.1 days a 20MG hard drive was the largest made at the time.
The default MBR code written by the Microsoft/Windows fdisk program is
hard coded to boot the C drive. The FreeBSD fdisk program has option to
write a simple boot menu program to the MBR.
You could add that this program is called the FreeBSD boot
manager, because that's its actual name.
Everything else seems to be correct to me, as well as
written in an appealing way, and technically understandable.
I am adding this verbiage to my FreeBSD installer Guide for
release 8.0 which will be available to the public 1/1/2010 at
http://www.a1poweruser.com/
following is the corrected version incorporating your ideas.
Users with Microsoft/Windows knowledge of how a hard drive is configured
may have a terminology issue with FreeBSD. Microsoft/Windows and FreeBSD
Re: New user - small file server questions and quick GUI question
Adam Vande More wrote: On Mon, Dec 28, 2009 at 3:49 PM, Kaya Saman kayasa...@optiplex-networks.com wrote: Hi guys, I attempted an install of 7.2 stable on my laptop and subsequently installed X11also. Now I didn't have any Xorg.conf file but each time I tried to start X from the CLI using the normal startx command (read the documentation through fully beforehand) but I didn't manage to get the mouse or keyboard to even work let alone starting the Gnome2 interface. Running with no xorg.conf is fine, but you need to make sure dbus and hal are started at boot. Follow the handbook for best results. http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/books/handbook/x-config.html I don't know if I'd be too happy to agree on that ... while the answer IS correctfrom a narrow point of view, the documentation on both dbus and hal is very, VERY thin on the ground (and what exists is for Linux only), so if the setup programmed into the port isn't right for your particular FreeBSD machine, you can pretty much forget about getting enough info to fix things. Realize that both hal and dbus were written for Linux (not a particularly portable thing), and it was only because of FreeBSD porters that it works at all under FreeBSD, so the docs that come with them understand Linux only. You can't even find out how to fix the config files for FreeBSD. Trying to fix even the most minor problem is really climbing mountains. Much, much easier to fix up an xorg.conf, which is not only well documented, but has tools to generate you a good local setup for your particular machine. If dbus/hal happen to work for you right out of the FreeBSD port, well, that's great, but if you need to adapt things for use outside of Linux, good luck, fella. The folks who wrote our FreeBSD dbus and hal implementations did a good job of translating things which are VERY Linux-centric to FreeBSD, but it's still only really good for a default FreeBSD setup. I know that it didn't work for anything but a thin slice of default environments, in the FreeBSD-7.x release era. Some day, if when the Linux developers are ready to admit there are other OSes and document things more portably, both tools are really, really fine ideas. Maybe ask again in 6 months to a year? Or, get ready to read a lot of source code and figure it out for yourself. Right now looking at what email I can find on the web regarding running hal dbus on 7.2, no one else can find an easy fund of knowledge either. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: New user - small file server questions and quick GUI question
On Mon, Dec 28, 2009 at 16:23, Kaya Saman samank...@netscape.net wrote: snip So, given what you've written below, you probably know more about this stuff than I do. Cool. I will echo the advice already given, however: add dbus_enable=YES hald_enable=YES to your /etc/rc.conf. That will most likely clear your problem. Did you install gnome from source, or did you use 'pkg_add -r'? I don't know why, but I seem to have better luck, though it takes much longer, if I use 'make install' from the ports tree. I used pkg_add! Am such a package manager guy as although have compiled quite a bit of stuff I find on some systems such as Sun Solaris compiling can be a nightmare. Especially if it means hacking out source code and using special make parameters as I'm not a programmer but also not that far advanced when it comes down to building software from scratch! I'm not far along that learning curve myself. Heh. I started on an old Toshiba laptop with 256mbytes RAM, and Freesbie worked well on that. I then learned how to install from scratch. That was, um, interesting. I hated Linux, as it seems so arcane. Well, perhaps 'hate' is too strong a word, but it left a bad taste in my mouth. Once I worked with FreeBSD, it became much more clear. Things seem to be done more sanely in FreeBSD. Now I have a nice 4gbyte Lenovo T61, and I still like xfce4 - it does what I want, and I didn't want to expend the effort to learn anything new. Well, Linux has its advantages and for the last 2 years have completely used it as an M$ Windowz replacement as one can do almost everything on it. When I meant; not used to doing things from scratch I meant building the OS. I actually prefer doing a minimal install of CentOS with no software or GUI at all and then building the system up to what I need when it comes down to servers!!! Means I can fine tune the system that way and only use the system resources for what I need. That's what I do with mine under FreeBSD, for both servers and workstations. Being a user of both Solaris and Linux though, they are both pretty cool with Solaris only hindered by lack of software and multimedia apps. Otherwise I think Solaris in Open guise would win anyday provided that the H/W support was as vast as Linux. I need to dive back into Linux - I want to figure out Xen now that it can do live migrations/failover, and FreeBSD doesn't do Dom0 - yet. So, I'll probably try out CentOS, though I suppose I could use NetBSD. Wish there was something more, new and interesting but they're all a bit bland after a while. Gnome I find is more functional! If anyone has any idea of getting something like they use on TV shows like NCIS and CSI that would be really cool (not Hollywood OS) or something they use in the military that one sees on the discovery channel say on the US Navy ships. I mean I do develop GUI's for the OpenSolaris spin-off distro Belenix which can be seen here: http://www.optiplex-networks.com/belenix/index_belenix.html under themes. But really need a new concept of completely tricked out geeky 'suped' up WM. Lot's of bar graphs, text outputs and other really cool stuff embedded into it :-) - no need for Gkrellm or Conky or Torsmo anymore! Eh. I just want something that works and keeps out of my way - xfce seems to do that just fine. For me, 'cool' is the apps and what I can do with them. Kurt ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Checksum mismatch -- will transfer entire file
Dan Nelson wrote: In the last episode (Dec 25), Victor Sudakov said: I cvsup the FreeBSD CVS repository daily from cvsup.ru.freebsd.org. Both the client and the server run CVSup Software version: SNAP_16_1h, Protocol version: 17.0. Recently I noticed that there are lots of messages Checksum mismatch -- will transfer entire file about all kinds of downloaded files. What could be the reason? Is my CVS repository corrupt or what? Is there a way to check the integrity of the entiry repository? I have read about there being a checksum mismatch problem in CVSup version before 15.4, but I am using SNAP_16_1h already. If this question is offtopic here, please direct me to a more relevant mailing list. TIA. Am I the only one to have this problem? I see this too. Running cvsup -k and looking at the bad files shows that the differences seem to be commit dates before 2000; one end has them as 99, and the other has 1999, which causes the checksum to change. This is interesting, but I observe different issues. Consider for example the following diff: *** #cvs.cvsup-20614.43 2009-12-29 08:56:31.0 +0600 --- cpucontrol.c,v 2009-12-29 04:58:12.0 +0600 *** *** 36,41 --- 36,52 branches; next ; + 1.3.2.1 + date 2009.08.03.08.13.06;author kensmith;state Exp; + branches + 1.3.2.1.2.1; + next ; + + 1.3.2.1.2.1 + date 2009.10.25.01.10.29;author kensmith;state Exp; + branches; + next ; + 1.2.2.1 date 2009.01.12.15.48.22;author stas;state Exp; branches *** *** 52,68 branches; next ; - 1.3.2.1 - date 2009.08.03.08.13.06;author kensmith;state Exp; - branches - 1.3.2.1.2.1; - next ; - - 1.3.2.1.2.1 - date 2009.10.25.01.10.29;author kensmith;state Exp; - branches; - next ; - desc @@ --- 63,68 *** *** 815,817 --- 815,818 a233 1 WARNX(0, error opening %s for reading, dev); @ + We can observe the following: 1. There is an extra newline near the end of the file. 2. The changes in the file are the same but placed in different positions in the file. Any ideas? -- Victor Sudakov, VAS4-RIPE, VAS47-RIPN sip:suda...@sibptus.tomsk.ru ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Checksum mismatch -- will transfer entire file
Nikos Vassiliadis wrote: Are you sure you understand me? I was talking about mirroring the whole repository with cvsup/cvsupd protocol, that's where the Checksum mismatch -- will transfer entire file error occurs. Sorry, I missed the part of conversation about cvs mode in cvsup. I thought you were talking about cvs not working... If subversion could be used to mirror whole repositories I will consider switching to it. -- Victor Sudakov, VAS4-RIPE, VAS47-RIPN sip:suda...@sibptus.tomsk.ru ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: New user - small file server questions and quick GUI question
[...] add dbus_enable=YES hald_enable=YES to your /etc/rc.conf. That will most likely clear your problem. [...] I will give this a go soon :-) That's what I do with mine under FreeBSD, for both servers and workstations. Having both servers and workstations is cool as both of them need to be looked at very differently! I like having Linux for desktop systems due to the full multimedia traits of it. I mean Debian or Ubuntu is pretty cool, Red Hat based Fedora is problematic as by default some packages don't work properly so you end up having to hack around the problem. Also multimedia is a slight pain in Fedora due to having to add extra repos to get things like MP3's working since there is some licensing issue. For servers one can pretty much install anything just for raw services. However when one starts considering performance attributes such as disk write speed, ease of adding storage, memory usage, security etc into the equation then one must side with one of the UNIX's around. Different UNIX versions have different strengths and weaknesses but it is nice to get to know as many as possible in order to actually identify and see these attributes in live real time so that in a professional capacity one has the experience to choose the correct system for the task at hand. I need to dive back into Linux - I want to figure out Xen now that it can do live migrations/failover, and FreeBSD doesn't do Dom0 - yet. So, I'll probably try out CentOS, though I suppose I could use NetBSD. Aaaah yes Citrix Xen, it's cool - read the manual but haven't played with it. Yeah I would run Linux just in case there are some things you wish to do but can't in BSD although I can't comment on the differences as I haven't seen them myself yet. I am really a big fan of testing systems on Suns Virtual Box! Is almost like running a disposable OS. Plug in and play then throw away until you need a proper H/W install :-) Eh. I just want something that works and keeps out of my way - xfce seems to do that just fine. For me, 'cool' is the apps and what I can do with them. Hahahaha :-) As long as I can listen to music and watch videos I am ok, oh as well as browse web, check mail and use the occasional office app. the rest is all CLI for me.. However I will use a few more things too rarely - even 3D games. I do like flashy screens though that no body can understand apart from a trained operator :-P - tried this with normal lighting effect too as I tried to emulate an aircraft landing strip with Christmas tree lights. Where I live currently is like a complex with a few houses enclosed in a site with private security etc. Anyway we put my lighting effect in the entrance and before we knew it rained blowing out everything even the backup generator and almost electrocuting everyone living inside... it was so embarrassing for that to happen to a person with an electrical/electronic engineering degree :-O h oh well! I blame the site manager as he bought indoor lights as they were cheap!!! --Kaya ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: re-write is this booting info correct?
In freebsd-questions Digest, Vol 291, Issue 3, Message: 1 On Mon, 28 Dec 2009 21:04:57 +0800 Fbsd1 fb...@a1poweruser.com wrote: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252; format=flowed First up, you'd be better off using a non-Windows charset here, as they use weird characters just for ordinary things like quotes, as below. How is this rewrite correct? Users with Microsoft/Windows knowledge of how a hard drive is configured may have a terminology issue with FreeBSD. Microsoft/Windows and FreeBSD use the word partition to mean different (but related) things. The Microsoft/Windows fdisk program is used to allocate partitions on the hard drive. This program allocated two types of partitions primary dos partition and extended dos partition. A single primary dos partition occupying all the space on the hard drive would be assigned drive letter C. You can also sub-divide the hard drive into multiple primary dos partition each one being assigned a drive letter C, D, E, F, Not exactly, and I assume you're hoping to be exact. Disclaimer: I know nothing about Vista or its successor Windows 7, nor do I care to, but I've used many DOS versions - 3, 5, 6 (base of Win 3.1), 7 (under Win95 through to XP) - in both MS and IBM variants, plus IBM OS/2 v2 and v3, and have had some exposure to NT (4 and 5), the latter having been being merged into Win2k and XP to some degree, including of course its NTFS. All of these, at least from DOS 3 (c. '86?) use the same MBR setup, a maximum of 4 Primary Partitions, one (and only one) of which may be an Extended DOS Partition, containing as many Logical Drives as you like; they're formed as a linked list, though I never used past Drive J: with OS/2 (HPFS). (I'm using caps here to refer to the DOS nomenclature) In all of these, you can't access more than one Primary Partition from any DOS-based OS; if you wish to have drives D:, E:, F: (etc) then these _must_ be in the single Extended Partition - so your statement above is not correct in that respect. An alternate method is to allocate an extended dos partition and then sub-divide it into logical dos drives lettered C, D, E, F. One of these Not limited to F: as above (adding the DOS colon as Polytropon suggests) primary dos partitions or one of the logical dos drives in the extended dos partition must be set as the active partition to boot from. I don't think even XP can boot from a Logical Drive in the Extended Partition. OS/2 can be installed to and booted from a Logical Drive (though only by using the OS/2 Boot Manager or Grub ono), as can most? varieties of Linux. I'm not sure about NT, but certainly DOS 3 to 7 cannot boot from other than drive C: - though DOS Drive C: need not be the first physical disk partition, indeed there can be several, though only the first one marked Active is called C: by DOS on any one boot. In a multiple partition allocation only one partition can be marked as bootable at one time. Typically legacy Microsoft/Windows Win3.1, Win95, Win98, WinMe, and Win2000 defaulted to a single primary dos partition. Starting with XP, PC manufactures started to provide support for their PCs operating system by having a second primary dos partition where the original factory version of the system was hidden and used to restore the C drive back to the factory version when corrupted by a virus. Again, not exactly or always correct. Compaq at least were providing a 'hidden' Primary Partition as early as '98 on laptops, for a diagnostics boot (running DOS 6.2 with a mini-Win 3.1 'desktop', FWIW). And while most OEMs and computer shops were in that 'default' habit of installing a single C: partition (and many still are), that was an install choice; most people with a clue were using multiple DOS Drives, requiring use of the Extended Partition, since DOS 3. Microsoft/Windows provides no native method of selecting which partition to boot from in a multiple partition allocation. At least NT, Win2k and XP can multiboot .. W2k uses C:\boot.ini listing bootable OSes, and as I recall it's called \NTLDR.something on XP. FreeBSDs fdisk program allocates disk space into slices. A FreeBSD slice is the same thing as a Microsoft/Windows primary dos partition. FreeBSD has nothing akin to an extended dos partition. The Although FreeBSD can mount and access the multiple Logical Drives as slices 5 and up. I'm not sure if FreeBSD has any limit to the number of such slices it can access, but I've recovered multiple HPFS 'drives' that way, and you can access DOS FAT, NTFS, HPFS (requires compiling code still in the tree at 8.0-R) and Linux ext2 and ext3 filesystems. It's true that sysinstall can't access such slices, there are comments in the code suggesting it should maybe be added, though unlikely now :) Microsoft/Windows partition and the FreeBSD slice is where the
Re: xorg 7.4 questions
On Mon, 28 Dec 2009, Warren Block wrote: On Mon, 28 Dec 2009, d...@safeport.com wrote: I wouldn't install old versions of xdm. If there's a doubt about one of the many things xdm depends on, you can do 'portupgrade -Rf xdm'. It'll take quite a while. It may be somehting like this. The system comes up with DNS via DHCP. Because I am starting xdm manually at this point I know DNS is working before xdm is itself is named localhost with no associated domain to avoid this. I don't quite understand that sentence. Normally all I have in /etc/hosts (on the machine with X, anyway) is: 127.0.0.1 localhost Everything else comes from DHCP. AFAIR, xdm did okay with only the /etc/hosts entry and no DNS. Without either, it really had problems. I didn't try it with localhost undefined but with a DNS server. Probably should have. I will follow your advice on xdm. I appreciate you sharing your experience and insights. Certainly. It'll be nice to have an answer for this when it comes up again. The answer appears to be to add an empty LISTEN statement to /usr/local/lib/X11/xdm/Xaccess. The xdm package issues a IPV6 DHCP request. While the xdm man page suggests this is not needed: To disable listening for XDMCP connections altogther, a line of LISTEN with no addresses may be specified, or the previously supported method of setting DisplayManager.requestPort to 0 may be used. This seems not to be the case as adding this line gets rid of the long delay and suppresses the IPV6 DHCP request. The DisplayManager.requestPort is set to 0 in the default configuration. This solves the long start (I am pretty sure). Thank you for your suggestions that pushed me to find this. I am also pretty sure my hardware just does not work with hal and dbus. _ Douglas Denault http://www.safeport.com d...@safeport.com Voice: 301-217-9220 Fax: 301-217-9277 ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
