Re: Lost audio after new Video card installation
On Mon, 1 Mar 2010 19:42:19 -0500 Carmel carmel...@hotmail.com wrote: I installed a nVidia GeForce GT 220 card. Now, the video is fine; however, there is no audio. hdac0: NVidia (Unknown) High Definition Audio Controller mem 0xfcffc000-0xfcff irq 16 at device 0.1 on pci3 I ran into the same problem after installing a GT 240. The video cards support audio via HDMI. During boot the audio chip of the video card is found first (also snd_hda) and used as primary audio device. After kldunload / kldload snd_hda everything would work properly. As a workaround I do not load the snd_hda kernel module at boot, but with a cronjob @reboot. This way the normal sound card is found first. Andreas -- GnuPG key : 0x2A573565|http://www.gnupg.org/howtos/de/ Fingerprint: 925D 2089 0BF9 8DE5 9166 33BB F0FD CD37 2A57 3565 pgpxhcLJE9DdW.pgp Description: PGP signature
RE: RAID10 doen't boot
Hi, I'd really appreciate it if somebody could help me out! I have a box with a MB ASUS P5WDG2-WS Pro with two built-in SATA II RAID controllers (Intel ICH7R and Marvell 88SE614x). I installed 4 HDD WD WD5002ABYS (500GB each) on the 4 SATA ports of the Intel ICH7R and using the Intel Matrix Storage Manager I created a RAID10 (Strip 14KB, Size 931.5GB, Status Normal, Bootable Yes) out of these 4 HDD. Then in the BIOS I set the IDE Configuration to Configure SATA As [RAID], OnBoard Serial-ATA BOOTROM [Enabled] and disable the Marvell SATA controller, for I use only the Intel ICH7R. Then I successfully installed FreeBSD 7.1 on the RAID partition, ar0. The installation completed successfully but the system persistently didn't boot and gave this error message: F1FreeBSD Default: F1 No /boot/loader FreeBSD/i386 boot Default: 0:ad (0,a)/boot/kernel/kernel boot: No /boot/kernel/kernel Thanks a lot, Alex Hello, I know that this probably doesn't help much, but I do recall reading in several different places that support for Intel firmware raid in both FreeBSD and Linux is very shaky and limited a best. Is there any particular reason you want to use it instead of using ZFS or gmirror/gstripe/graid5? - Sincerely, Dan Naumov ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: RAID10 doen't boot
On 2 March 2010 08:44, Dan Naumov dan.nau...@gmail.com wrote: Hi, I'd really appreciate it if somebody could help me out! I have a box with a MB ASUS P5WDG2-WS Pro with two built-in SATA II RAID controllers (Intel ICH7R and Marvell 88SE614x). I installed 4 HDD WD WD5002ABYS (500GB each) on the 4 SATA ports of the Intel ICH7R and using the Intel Matrix Storage Manager I created a RAID10 (Strip 14KB, Size 931.5GB, Status Normal, Bootable Yes) out of these 4 HDD. Then in the BIOS I set the IDE Configuration to Configure SATA As [RAID], OnBoard Serial-ATA BOOTROM [Enabled] and disable the Marvell SATA controller, for I use only the Intel ICH7R. Then I successfully installed FreeBSD 7.1 on the RAID partition, ar0. The installation completed successfully but the system persistently didn't boot and gave this error message: F1FreeBSD Default: F1 No /boot/loader FreeBSD/i386 boot Default: 0:ad (0,a)/boot/kernel/kernel boot: No /boot/kernel/kernel Thanks a lot, Alex Hello, I know that this probably doesn't help much, but I do recall reading in several different places that support for Intel firmware raid in both FreeBSD and Linux is very shaky and limited a best. Is there any particular reason you want to use it instead of using ZFS or gmirror/gstripe/graid5? - Sincerely, Dan Naumov ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org can you actually boot of a geom stripe? I dont think you can and raid10 has striping in it. As ZFS is very resource hungry i suspect thats why he went for a hardware setup ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
SOLVED....Re: Adding slice on existing disk
At this screen: -- FreeBSD Disklabel Editor Disk: ad4 Partition name: ad4s4 Free: 0 blocks (0MB) Disk: ad4 Partition name: ad4s3 Free: 0 blocks (0MB) Part Mount Size Newfs Part Mount Size Newfs - - - - ad4s4d /data 30866MB UFS2+S Y ad4s3a none 1024MB * ad4s3b swap 4096MB SWAP ad4s3d none 2048MB * ad4s3e none 4096MB * ad4s3f none 20480MB * ad4s3g none 28125MB * The following commands are valid here (upper or lower case): C = Create D = Delete M = Mount pt. W = Write N = Newfs Opts Q = Finish S = Toggle SoftUpdates Z = Custom Newfs T = Toggle Newfs U = Undo A = Auto Defaults R = Delete+Merge Use F1 or ? to get more help, arrow keys to select. -- Unfortunately at this point when I choose W to write the changes I get the following error: Unable to add /dev/ad4s3b as a swap device: the device is busy This is the existing swap partition so I do not quite understand why I get this error Then I choose OK and then I get: Error mounting /dev/ad4s4d on /data : No such file or directory I noticed after a restart that /dev/ad4s4 existed so I did a newfs -U /dev/ad4s4 and then I could mount it :-) /Leslie ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Hi - identifying cause of crash - a how to please
Hi I have a specific situation which causes a system crash on freebsd 7.2 p3 amd64 on intel quad core. Can someone teach me how to trace the cause? The crash is repeatable in the following circumstances: (a) User logs in (b) % startx (c) kde4 loads and works the session (d) user logs out x session terminates. (e) user attempts to start a new x session with: (f) % startx (g) system crashes immediately System requires rebooting to single user mode. Run fsck -y and then go multiuser. Whereupon the cycle can be repeated. This event did not occur until kde was upgraded to kde 4.3.5. The video card is a winfast PX7800GT providing openGL with dual DVI. The crash problem was not present before upgrading to 3.4.5 so whilst not ruling out the card I am not assuming it is the video card. It would be helpful if the procedure could be identified clearly. I will post the results available on the web so someone who knows how to interpret them could take a look. Finally should I be asking this question on another maillist? Photographic Artist Permanent Installations Design Creative Imagery and Advanced Digital Techniques High Dynamic Range Photography Official Portraiture Combined darkroom digital creations Systems Adminstrator for the vizion2000.net network ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Mouse Issues
Programmer In Training wrote: Resend: Sorry if this has appeared twice before. First time sent at 11:13 CST, sent a second time at 12:43 CST. Sending this one at approximately 21:37 CST, CCing owner because this (posting new mails to the list) is an on going problem I'm having. I would like to know what the problem is so I can have some hand in trying to solve it. Now on to the problem at hand. I'm not exactly sure what is going on here. Just about 10 minutes (more like several hours) ago my mouse locked up and stopped responding, eventually forcing me to reboot because I couldn't get it to start responding again. I even had to unplug it from the USB port (it is a USB mouse) and plug it back in because it lost power for some reason. I tried restarting hald and dbus, figuring that was the problem, I also tried using sysinstall to configure the mouse to no luck. I have use of my mouse again, but my scroll wheel is no longer being recognized. I've once again tried using sysinstall and restarting hald and dbus to no avail. It's a fairly old (about 6-8 years) Logitech optical mouse (if I'm not mistaken, this is one with force feedback, but I'm not concerned about that feature). I was actually on the phone talking with someone while trying to check up on some messages I had received via FaceBook when the mouse went out. At first I had thought that my computer had locked because nothing seemed to be responding, but a quick check showed me I could still alt+1-5 through my workspaces (keyboard is also USB and apparently suffered no such interruption). Both mouse and kb are on a PCI USB 2.0 expansion port because the builtins at the back of the box are on their way out (mobo is about as old as the mouse). Any ideas? Get a new mouse that old one is dieing fast. The copper wires will break over time and short out. And quit sending posts to freebsd-questions-ow...@freebsd.org just send to freebsd-questions@freebsd.org ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Hi - identifying cause of crash - a how to please
David Southwell wrote: Hi I have a specific situation which causes a system crash on freebsd 7.2 p3 amd64 on intel quad core. Can someone teach me how to trace the cause? The crash is repeatable in the following circumstances: (a) User logs in (b) % startx (c) kde4 loads and works the session (d) user logs out x session terminates. (e) user attempts to start a new x session with: (f) % startx (g) system crashes immediately System requires rebooting to single user mode. Run fsck -y and then go multiuser. Whereupon the cycle can be repeated. This event did not occur until kde was upgraded to kde 4.3.5. The video card is a winfast PX7800GT providing openGL with dual DVI. The crash problem was not present before upgrading to 3.4.5 so whilst not ruling out the card I am not assuming it is the video card. It would be helpful if the procedure could be identified clearly. I will post the results available on the web so someone who knows how to interpret them could take a look. Finally should I be asking this question on another maillist? This is a good place to start, and if someone knows a better spot it will probably be indicated. I can't give you an in depth response, but maybe something to start with. The Kernel Debugging section of the Developer's Handbook may serve as an introduction to a few basics: http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/developers-handbook/ You can also start right away by examining the .xsession-errors file you will find in the users home directory. Also, in /var/log look for the Xorg.0.log and Xorg.0.log.old. After restarting from a crash, if you startx the first one will only contain info on that startup; the second one (.old) may contain some info on what happened at the time of the previous crash, if it is indeed the X server crashing. Sometimes any errors to stdout may appear in /var/log/messages. Sometimes there may be informative error messages present which can be Googled, and other times nothing useful. The same with the .xsession-errors file - it usually contains information relevant to the applications which were running on top of X. If you are running the nvidia driver and see some evidence that it may be responsible for the crash, you could try substituting the nv driver as a test. This might help isolate the problem to the nvidia driver. But where to go from here is a good question. Sometimes if there is some problem wrt the nvidia driver after some kind of upgrade doing a make, make deinstall, and make reinstall of the nvidia driver port occasionally fixes something, but this is a long shot. Nvidia also has a web forum you might hunt around in. Also, if you are doing startx to start KDE with a .xinitrc file in the users home dir (with startkde in here), try it without so the default TWM window manager comes up instead of KDE. Then do the restart test and see if it crashes. This is a good way to separate the problem from being X related and/or KDE related. -Mike ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Lost audio after new Video card installation
On Tue, 2 Mar 2010 09:05:03 +0100 Andreas Rudisch cyb.@gmx.net articulated: On Mon, 1 Mar 2010 19:42:19 -0500 Carmel carmel...@hotmail.com wrote: I installed a nVidia GeForce GT 220 card. Now, the video is fine; however, there is no audio. hdac0: NVidia (Unknown) High Definition Audio Controller mem 0xfcffc000-0xfcff irq 16 at device 0.1 on pci3 I ran into the same problem after installing a GT 240. The video cards support audio via HDMI. During boot the audio chip of the video card is found first (also snd_hda) and used as primary audio device. After kldunload / kldload snd_hda everything would work properly. As a workaround I do not load the snd_hda kernel module at boot, but with a cronjob @reboot. This way the normal sound card is found first. OK, now I am confused. This is the output of kldstat: /boot $ sudo kldstat Id Refs AddressSize Name 1 17 0xc040 a5eb64 kernel 21 0xc0e5f000 2f08 speaker.ko 31 0xc0e62000 a0d6f8 nvidia.ko 43 0xc187 29b98linux.ko 51 0xc189a000 53cc sem.ko 61 0xc18a 6a4f8acpi.ko 71 0xc773f000 7000 linprocfs.ko This is my 'loader.conf' /boot $ cat loader.conf speaker_load=YES # AT speaker module nvidia_load=YES # Load nvidia driver sem_load=YES # Load the sem module for firefox-35 # Superpages vm.pmap.pg_ps_enabled=1. I have sound compiled into my kernel: # Sound device sound device snd_hda # nVidia MCP51 sound support When I attempt to unload the driver, I receive this message: kldunload snd_hda kldunload: can't find file snd_hda Therefore, are you implying that I have to recompile my kernel without the sound device and then load it manually when I boot up? That seems like a bug in FreeBSD. -- Carmel carmel...@hotmail.com |=== |=== |=== |=== | The system will be down for 10 days for preventative maintenance. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Lost audio after new Video card installation
On Tue, 2 Mar 2010 05:51:00 -0500 Carmel carmel...@hotmail.com wrote: On Tue, 2 Mar 2010 09:05:03 +0100 Andreas Rudisch cyb.@gmx.net articulated: On Mon, 1 Mar 2010 19:42:19 -0500 Carmel carmel...@hotmail.com wrote: I installed a nVidia GeForce GT 220 card. Now, the video is fine; however, there is no audio. hdac0: NVidia (Unknown) High Definition Audio Controller mem 0xfcffc000-0xfcff irq 16 at device 0.1 on pci3 I ran into the same problem after installing a GT 240. The video cards support audio via HDMI. During boot the audio chip of the video card is found first (also snd_hda) and used as primary audio device. After kldunload / kldload snd_hda everything would work properly. As a workaround I do not load the snd_hda kernel module at boot, but with a cronjob @reboot. This way the normal sound card is found first. I have sound compiled into my kernel: # Sound devicesound devicesnd_hda # nVidia MCP51 sound support In that case you will not be able to unload/load the kernel module. Anyway, I looked again at the problem and the correct way is to simply set hw.snd.default_unit to the number of the correct pcm device. Since the graphic card uses pcm0 to pcm3, it should be pcm4. Take a look at the output of: %dmesg | grep hda You should see something like: pcm2: HDA NVidia (Unknown) PCM #0 Digital at cad 2 nid 1 on hdac0 pcm3: HDA NVidia (Unknown) PCM #0 Digital at cad 3 nid 1 on hdac0 hdac1: HDA Codec #0: Realtek ALC883 pcm4: HDA Realtek ALC883 PCM #0 Analog at cad 0 nid 1 on hdac1 So set hw.snd.default_unit=4 using sysctl or /etc/sysctl.conf. man snd_hda man sound man sysctl.conf Andreas -- GnuPG key : 0x2A573565|http://www.gnupg.org/howtos/de/ Fingerprint: 925D 2089 0BF9 8DE5 9166 33BB F0FD CD37 2A57 3565 pgpSqol3beSnX.pgp Description: PGP signature
Expect questions?
What would be the right list for questions about expect? When I upgraded from FreeBSD 4.x to 8.0, my expect script broke, and I cannot for the life of me see why. -- John Lind j...@starfire.mn.org ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Netgraph VLan support
bump
On Tue, Feb 23, 2010 at 3:32 PM, Ross Cameron
ross.came...@linuxpro.co.za wrote:
Hi there all
I've trying to setup nested VLans using netgraph and most of my
googling suggests that this can be done.
But alas it is not working on this side. I'm running a standard
FreeBSD 8.0-RELEASE-p2 AMD64.
The below works just fine and creates a perfectly functional Vlan
interface ngeth0:
ifconfig bge0 10.123.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
kldload ng_ether
kldload ng_vlan
ngctl mkpeer bge0: vlan lower downstream
ngctl name bge0:lower vlanL1
ngctl connect bge0: vlanL1: upper nomatch
ngctl mkpeer vlanL1: eiface vlan3555 ether
ngctl msg vlanL1: addfilter '{ vlan=3555 hook=vlan3555 }'
ifconfig ngeth0 link 00:1a:4b:d4:3e:c2
ifconfig ngeth0 10.124.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
The below however does not and just throws an error :
-
ngctl mkpeer ngeth0: vlan lower downstream
ngctl name ngeth0:lower vlanL2
ngctl connect ngeth0: vlanL2: upper nomatch
ngctl mkpeer vlanL2: eiface vlan2555 ether
ngctl msg vlanL2: addfilter '{ vlan=2555 hook=vlan2555 }'
ifconfig ngeth1 link 00:1a:4b:d4:3e:c2
ifconfig ngeth1 10.125.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
The error is:
ngctl: send msg: Protocol family not supported
ngctl: send msg: No such file or directory
Any advice?
--
Opportunity is most often missed by people because it is dressed in
overalls and looks like work.
Thomas Alva Edison
Inventor of 1093 patents, including:
The light bulb, phonogram and motion pictures.
--
Opportunity is most often missed by people because it is dressed in
overalls and looks like work.
Thomas Alva Edison
Inventor of 1093 patents, including:
The light bulb, phonogram and motion pictures.
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Re: Expect questions?
What would be the right list for questions about expect? When I upgraded from FreeBSD 4.x to 8.0, my expect script broke, and I cannot for the life of me see why. Odd though it may seem you might find the newsgroup: comp.lang.tcl This is the place to go with expect questions. Tcl is the core language fro expect. Learn one you know the other!! david Photographic Artist Permanent Installations Design Creative Imagery and Advanced Digital Techniques High Dynamic Range Photography Official Portraiture Combined darkroom digital creations Systems Adminstrator for the vizion2000.net network ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Handbook Index
On Tue, 02 Mar 2010 11:25:42 +0800 Fbsd1 fb...@a1poweruser.com wrote: I find it very hard to find the subject I am looking for in the handbook. The index only gets me to the general area in the handbook and then I have to (next page) through it looking for what I hope is there. The Index really needs to be expanded to display each and every sub-section of all the major sections now in the index. For example Installing from a ms/dos partition or splash screen usage. These are both subjects in the handbook but are not in the index. What good is am index that does not index its content? The purpose of the index is to list all subjects documented in the handbook so the reader can skim through the index and click on the exact subject they want to read. Can not do that with the current handbook index. So what do other people think? Should I submit a Doc bug on this?? Hi A1Poweruser, why don't you build book.txt (add WITH_TXT=yes to /etc/make.conf and rebuild the docs port)? Then you can just use grep to search for what you want. With the examples you gave, grep -in msdos or grep -in splash screen give me a few places to look. An index is useful in a dead-tree book, but for a 4Mb text file you might as well use grep. Tony ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Lost audio after new Video card installation
On March 1, 2010, Carmel wrote:
I was attempting to upgrade a Gateway GT5220 PC. The machine was
running FreeBSD-7.2 successfully. The sound system was functioning
correctly and gMplayer and Mplayer worked fine. The machine was using a
nVidia GeForce 6150 LE on-board card. I installed a nVidia GeForce GT
220 card. The old on-board card did not support DVI.
Now, the video is fine; however, there is no audio. Mplayer and
gMplayer both freeze when attempting to play or view anything.
I have no idea how to debug this. Since I did not touch the audio, I
cannot figure it out.
I did have a script that ran upon boot-up:
/sbin/sysctl hw.snd.pcm0.vchans=4
/sbin/sysctl dev.pcm.0.play.vchans=4
/sbin/sysctl dev.pcm.0.rec.vchans=4
/sbin/sysctl hw.snd.maxautovchans=16
mixer vol 100:100 pcm 100:100 speaker 100:100 line 100:100 mic 0:0 cd
100:100 =rec mic
Previously, it ran without incident. Now, it produces this output:
sysctl: unknown oid 'hw.snd.pcm0.vchans'
dev.pcm.0.play.vchans: 4 - 4
sysctl: dev.pcm.0.rec.vchans: Operation not supported by device
hw.snd.maxautovchans: 16 - 16
mixer: unknown device: vol
usage: mixer [-f device] [-s | -S] [dev [+|-][voll[:[+|-]volr]] ...
mixer [-f device] [-s | -S] recsrc ...
mixer [-f device] [-s | -S] {^|+|-|=}rec rdev ...
This is from 'dmesg'
dmesg -a|grep -i -A8 -B2 220
pci3: ACPI PCI bus on pcib3
vgapci0: VGA-compatible display port 0xbc00-0xbc7f mem
0xfb00-0xfbff,0xd000-0xdfff,0xee00-0xefff irq 16
at device 0.0 on pci3 nvidia0: GeForce GT 220 on vgapci0
vgapci0: child nvidia0 requested pci_enable_busmaster
vgapci0: child nvidia0 requested pci_enable_io
vgapci0: child nvidia0 requested pci_enable_io
nvidia0: [GIANT-LOCKED]
nvidia0: [ITHREAD]
hdac0: NVidia (Unknown) High Definition Audio Controller mem
0xfcffc000-0xfcff irq 16 at device 0.1 on pci3 hdac0: HDA Driver
Revision: 20090624_0136
hdac0: [ITHREAD]
I would really appreciate any assistance I could get. I really would
like the audio to work on this machine again.
Try setting the folllowing sysctl knob:
hw.snd.default_unit=1
You will also have to change the dev.pcm.0 to dev.pcm.1 in your script.
If 1 doesn't work, try 2.
-- Norbert Papke.
npa...@acm.org
http://saveournet.ca
Protecting your Internet's level playing field
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Re: Expect questions?
-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE- Hash: SHA1 John wrote: What would be the right list for questions about expect? When I upgraded from FreeBSD 4.x to 8.0, my expect script broke, and I cannot for the life of me see why. Hi John, This sites might be good places to post your questions: http://www.stackoverflow.com/ http://www.experts-exchange.com/Programming/Languages/Scripting/TCL/ Obviously, make sure to include verbatim error messages and other output as that will make it a lot easier for folks to understand your script and help you troubleshoot it. Hope that helps, Greg - -- Greg Larkin http://www.FreeBSD.org/ - The Power To Serve http://www.sourcehosting.net/ - Ready. Set. Code. http://twitter.com/sourcehosting/ - Follow me, follow you -BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE- Version: GnuPG v1.4.7 (MingW32) Comment: Using GnuPG with Mozilla - http://enigmail.mozdev.org/ iD8DBQFLjS6/0sRouByUApARAgP2AKCrNPtarO1mGVXEfYAC1mdV/KmDDQCfdlj4 EVHvOFzVyl3fxroj01M9+Dc= =Elpg -END PGP SIGNATURE- ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Hi - identifying cause of crash - a how to please
David Southwell wrote: Hi I have a specific situation which causes a system crash on freebsd 7.2 p3 amd64 on intel quad core. Can someone teach me how to trace the cause? The crash is repeatable in the following circumstances: (a) User logs in (b) % startx (c) kde4 loads and works the session (d) user logs out x session terminates. (e) user attempts to start a new x session with: (f) % startx (g) system crashes immediately System requires rebooting to single user mode. Run fsck -y and then go multiuser. Whereupon the cycle can be repeated. This event did not occur until kde was upgraded to kde 4.3.5. The video card is a winfast PX7800GT providing openGL with dual DVI. The crash problem was not present before upgrading to 3.4.5 so whilst not ruling out the card I am not assuming it is the video card. It would be helpful if the procedure could be identified clearly. I will post the results available on the web so someone who knows how to interpret them could take a look. Finally should I be asking this question on another maillist? This is a good place to start, and if someone knows a better spot it will probably be indicated. I can't give you an in depth response, but maybe something to start with. The Kernel Debugging section of the Developer's Handbook may serve as an introduction to a few basics: http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/developers-handbook/ You can also start right away by examining the .xsession-errors file you will find in the users home directory. Also, in /var/log look for the Xorg.0.log and Xorg.0.log.old. After restarting from a crash, if you startx the first one will only contain info on that startup; the second one (.old) may contain some info on what happened at the time of the previous crash, if it is indeed the X server crashing. Sometimes any errors to stdout may appear in /var/log/messages. Sometimes there may be informative error messages present which can be Googled, and other times nothing useful. The same with the .xsession-errors file - it usually contains information relevant to the applications which were running on top of X. If you are running the nvidia driver and see some evidence that it may be responsible for the crash, you could try substituting the nv driver as a test. This might help isolate the problem to the nvidia driver. But where to go from here is a good question. Sometimes if there is some problem wrt the nvidia driver after some kind of upgrade doing a make, make deinstall, and make reinstall of the nvidia driver port occasionally fixes something, but this is a long shot. Nvidia also has a web forum you might hunt around in. Also, if you are doing startx to start KDE with a .xinitrc file in the users home dir (with startkde in here), try it without so the default TWM window manager comes up instead of KDE. Then do the restart test and see if it crashes. This is a good way to separate the problem from being X related and/or KDE related. -Mike Thanks mike Will give all that a go. Incidentally found no.xsession-errors in user's directory. Photographic Artist Permanent Installations Design Creative Imagery and Advanced Digital Techniques High Dynamic Range Photography Official Portraiture Combined darkroom digital creations Systems Adminstrator for the vizion2000.net network ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Did something in the hashes change from 6 to 8?
Mellow greetings!
On a box running FreeBSD 6.something (probably 6.4) the boot drive died.
I had never bothered to update it to 7 or 8, since I was planning to
build a new computer anyway. Since I hadn't done that yet and I still
needed the work of this machine, I just put in a new drive and installed
8.0.
The deal is that a script I restored from backup doesn't quite work as I
think it should. This is the part that somehow causes problems:
!/bin/sh
stty -echo
read -p Enter passphrase: passphrase
stty echo
main=`echo ${passphrase} | sha256 | cut -c 1-5`
if [ ${main} != ddfab ]; then
echo Wrong passphrase!
exit
fi
I have typed the password in question about a gazillion times, so I am
pretty sure I got it right. But somehow the 'if' keeps kicking in.
There are two possible reasons for this:
1. I have Alzheimer's.
2. Something about the way sha256(1) and/or digest(1) or one of the
other commands in the script react differenly than before.
Maybe there is another reason that I just don't see?
Can someone help me out here?
Regards,
Chris
--
Ich kam.
Ich ging.
Und ich war da gewesen.
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[SOLVED] Compiler Flags problem with core2 CPU
James Phillips wrote: I laughed at your question because I remember reading somewhere that using aggressive optimization options is a good way to find compiler bugs. I think that extends of optimizations for new CPU architectures as well. I also heard kernel code avoids MMX instructions for some reason: it may have to do with interrupt handling (fewer registers=faster?). x86 (and AMD64) processors are backwards compatible, so you don't strictly need the latest instructions. Regards, James Phillips Ah , i've just read it may not be safe to use MMX and SSE instructions in kernel code. So my CFLAGS is much too agressive , i'll notice this. Thank you all. -- Best Regards, Aaron Lewis - PGP: 0xA476D2E9 irc: A4r0n on freenode ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: spreculative: /bin2 /usr/bin2 and alternative package/ports trees?
On 1 March 2010 17:18, Chris Telting christopher...@telting.org wrote: Just wondering if anyone cares to share their thoughts about this. There are a few ports that I would love to see included in the base tree such as OpenLDAP and the Openbsd pdksh or bash. But It hasn't happened and isn't likely to happen. So I was thinking about the pkg infrastructure. The location of the pkg file database I believe can be specified. And the installation directories I believe can also be specified. Other than that paths would have to be changed for binaries and libraries and probably share and other installation points. This should allow separate package trees meaning that when I delete and reinstall my main ports these programs will not be affected and the package database info for these will not be screwed up. Is it possible and if it is has anyone implemented it on their own systems? Or have people simply taken to installing ports in the main directories? Chris Why does it make a difference with the prefix on where you put them? You shouldn't manually delete ports, anyway. You should deinstall them using the port... Chris ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: selling freebsd cd for profit
From owner-freebsd-questi...@freebsd.org Sun Feb 28 06:00:33 2010 Date: Sun, 28 Feb 2010 11:59:56 + From: Matthew Seaman m.sea...@infracaninophile.co.uk To: Erik Trulsson ertr1...@student.uu.se Cc: freebsd-questions freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: Re: selling freebsd cd for profit -BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE- Hash: SHA1 On 28/02/2010 11:43:42, Erik Trulsson wrote: The difference is that when you just give a link to a well-known site you have no guarantees that they will keep the source for that particular version of the software in question for as long as needed. Uh -- so what? Until the download site disappears, there's no problem. If it does disappear, then /obviously/ you have to make alternative arrangements. But that is a bridge that doesn't need to be crossed until you've reached it. NOT so. The difference _is_ that people who got the software 'before' the download site disappeared have _only_ that download site as the reference for 'where to go' to get the source. Either you (the distributor) maintain a download site yourself -- so you can guarantee that the reference you give out _will_ be good/valid for the required time after the last copy of the code you gave out, *OR* you have to maintain a list of -everyone- who got your code -- directly or *indirectly* (this is the hard part, it _is_ freely redistributable, how do you know who it was RE-distributed to?) -- so that, if/when the 'well known' site stops carrying the source, you can notify *everybody* where the 'new' download site is. If the place where you 'told' someone they could find source-code disappears before the expiration of the required time, then you _are_ in violation of the license, even if the disappearance of that site was 'through no fault of your own'. The fact that said source-code is available 'somewhere else' does *NOT* mitigate the violation of the license terms. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: spreculative: /bin2 /usr/bin2 and alternative package/ports trees?
On 03/02/10 11:35, Chris Rees wrote: snip Why does it make a difference with the prefix on where you put them? You shouldn't manually delete ports, anyway. You should deinstall them using the port... Chris I think he's talking about how with Debian and apt you can specify different repositories to install from without messing up the base system. My problem with that is that dependency resolution quickly breaks if you have one of the repositories out of sync with the others. -- Yours In Christ, PIT Emails are not formal business letters, whatever businesses may want. Original content copyright under the OWL http://owl.apotheon.org Please do not CC me. If I'm posting to a list it is because I am subscribed. signature.asc Description: OpenPGP digital signature
Re: Remote Building of FreeBSD
The boot.config file I thought would boot mfsbsd on what was the swap partition is not working. On this particular drive, ad0s1a is the normal FreeBSD partition and ad0s1b is swap. The idea is to use dd to write the mfsboot.img file to /dev/ad0s1b and then boot from there. My boot.config file is as follows: -P rootdev=disk2s1b root_disk_unit=0 I get the following message from the serial console: /boot.config: -P rootdev=disk2s1b root_disk_unit=0 FreeBSD/i386 boot Default: 0:ad(0,a)root_disk_unit=0 boot: No root_disk_unit=0 FreeBSD/i386 boot Default: 0:ad(0,a)root_disk_unit=0 boot: The message Default: 0:ad(0,a)root_disk_unit=0 does seem to be what one would expect for the ad0s1a partition but I don't think I am telling the system to boot as the mfsboot.img file does work if one writes it to /dev/ad0. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Compiler Flags problem with core2 CPU
On Sun, 28 Feb 2010 20:38:45 +0800, Aaron Lewis aaron.lewis1...@gmail.com wrote: Hi, I gonna recompile kernel for my core2 CPU , so i'd like to pass some flags to gcc. Kinds of -march=core2 , i tried to modify /etc/make.conf e.gCFLAGS += -march=core2 -O20 -ffast-math -mfpmath=sse But it fails .. bad arch switch , core2 cpu is not supported ? And is that useful to let gcc select cpu specified asm code ? See the section 3.17.14 Intel 386 and AMD x86-64 Options in the gcc Info manual. It contains a full list of the supported CPU-TYPE values for the -mtune=CPU-TYPE option. The -march=CPU-TYPE option accepts the same CPU types: `-march=CPU-TYPE' Generate instructions for the machine type CPU-TYPE. The choices for CPU-TYPE are the same as for `-mtune'. Moreover, specifying `-march=CPU-TYPE' implies `-mtune=CPU-TYPE'. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Compiler Flags problem with core2 CPU
On Sun, 28 Feb 2010 22:37:27 +0800, Aaron Lewis aaron.lewis1...@gmail.com wrote: Paul B Mahol wrote: On 2/28/10, Aaron Lewis aaron.lewis1...@gmail.com wrote: Hi, I gonna recompile kernel for my core2 CPU , so i'd like to pass some flags to gcc. Kinds of -march=core2 , i tried to modify /etc/make.conf e.gCFLAGS += -march=core2 -O20 -ffast-math -mfpmath=sse But it fails .. bad arch switch , core2 cpu is not supported ? It is bad idea to compile kernel with custom flags. And gcc in FreeBSD doesn't know about core2, use 'native' if you must. And is that useful to let gcc select cpu specified asm code ? Only for some userland stuff like openssl. Really ? It's bad to use custom flags to compile kernel , why do you think so ? I'd like to know more about this : ) So setting optimize compiler flags is only useful for userland stuff ? Please do not post your reply on *top* of the original text to this list. The preferred form of replying is bottom-posting here (other lists may have their own rules, but that's ok). I've fixed this message manually, but it would be nice if you posted your reply to the bottom of the quoted text. You can definitely *try* using optimizations for the kernel too. The FreeBSD developers and other users cannot _force_ you to use only a very limited set of options. You are more than free to try new things. This is precisely the reason why we make the source tree available to everyone, including detailed instructions for rebuilding the entire system from source. Note that the kernel is a very special program that may or may not work with some of the optimizations performed by higher GCC levels, though. There may be problems, so if you start building optimized kernels please make sure you keep a 'safe' backup copy of /boot/kernel before you install a new one. This way you will at least be able to boot into the old kernel if anything breaks. One way to keep a backup copy of the kernel is to make sure your /boot partition has enough free space and type as root: # cp -a /boot/kernel /boot/kernel.safe Then if anything goes wrong, you can always break into the loader prompt and type: boot unload boot set module_path=/boot/kernel.safe;/boot/modules boot load kernel boot boot -s Note that any optimization levels higher than the defaults are not 'supported' by the FreeBSD team though. As the warning in make.conf says [/usr/share/examples/etc/make.conf]: # CFLAGS controls the compiler settings used when compiling C code. # Note that optimization settings other than -O and -O2 are not recommended # or supported for compiling the world or the kernel - please revert any # nonstandard optimization settings to -O or -O2 -fno-strict-aliasing # before submitting bug reports without patches to the developers. So if you start building highly-optimized kernels and userland binaries, you are on your own. Bumping in any problem will require that you revert to the standard optimization flags, rebuild everything, try to reproduce the problem again and *then* report it. - Giorgos ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Is ath network driver unstable?
I don't use WiFi much. But every time I try, my system is likely to hang soon thereafter. For example, yesterday I tried to connect to one WiFi that doesn't exist any more. And accidentally left it in UP and RUNNING state. And after few hours system hanged. Yuri ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Help ipfw / nat / JetDirect Pain Appreciated
I would appreciate any insight you folk here might have for the following problem. What I am trying to do is have wireless clients on one network print to a JetDirect-connected printer on another network as follows: Machine A is a NATing firewall (FBSD 8.0) for nonroutable network A - 192.168.0.x Machine A is a NATing wireless router (Linksys WRT-54G) for nonroutable network B - 192.168.1.x Both Machine A and B have static routable addresses and are directly connected to the internet. They are also on the same subnet. In fact, they're plugged into the same switch that the internet hose comes in on. There is an HP Laserjet connected via JetDirect on the first network at 192.168.0.122. I have added this to machine A's NAT config to make that port appear on the outside IP address: redirect_port tcp 192.168.0.102:9100 machine.A.IP.addr:9100 natd was then restarted. I then added this firewall rule on Machine A: ipfw add allow tcp from machine.B.IP.addr to machine.A.IP.addr 9100 And the firewall was restarted. Now, I jump onto a machine on (wireless) Network B and attempt to telnet to port 9100 on machine A, just to see if the port is properly being redirected and I can get to it. Machine A burps out the following in /var/log/security: ipfw: 7500 Deny TCP machine.B.IP.addr:49192 192.168.0.102:9100 in via fxp0 Anyone have an idea what's going on here? It looks like the telnet is attempting to rendezvous on port 49192 but the firewall isn't letting that happen. Any idea how I add a rule to permit this? TIA, -- Tim Daneliuk tun...@tundraware.com PGP Key: http://www.tundraware.com/PGP/ ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
RE: Compiler Flags problem with core2 CPU
See the section 3.17.14 Intel 386 and AMD x86-64 Options in the gcc Info manual. It contains a full list of the supported CPU-TYPE values for the -mtune=CPU-TYPE option. The -march=CPU-TYPE option accepts the same CPU types: `-march=CPU-TYPE' Generate instructions for the machine type CPU-TYPE. The choices for CPU-TYPE are the same as for `-mtune'. Moreover, specifying `-march=CPU-TYPE' implies `-mtune=CPU-TYPE'. Hello Out of curiosity, what is the optimal -march= value to use for the new Atom D510 CPU: http://ark.intel.com/Product.aspx?id=43098 ? Thanks - Sincerely, Dan Naumov ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: SOLVED....Re: Adding slice on existing disk
On Tue, 02 Mar 2010 10:33:14 +0100, Leslie Jensen les...@eskk.nu wrote: I noticed after a restart that /dev/ad4s4 existed so I did a newfs -U /dev/ad4s4 and then I could mount it :-) Just as an addition: I think /etc/rc.d/devfs restart would cause the device file to appear correctly, too. -- Polytropon Magdeburg, Germany Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0 Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ... ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
reverse scsi emulation possible (camatapi)?
hi there, people with atapi devices have been used to having the atapicam(4) option enabled in their kernel conf so applications relying on the scsi(4) subsystem (such as cdrecord or growsisofs) work with those atapi devices. since the whole ata(4) infrastructure will eventually die: is there a way to use applications relying on the ata(4) subsystem (such as burncd) with the cam(4) infrastructure? my kernel conf includes the ATA_CAM option and this is the output of `camcontrol devlist`: HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-H10N JL12at scbus2 target 0 lun 0 (pass0,cd0) SAMSUNG SP2504C VT100-50 at scbus3 target 0 lun 0 (pass1,ada0) `atacontrol list` reports (as can be expected) no devices. i'd really like to benefit from the ATA_CAM improvements, yet continue using ata(4) applications (i like the simplicity of burncd in contrast to cdrecord). cheers. alex ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Lost audio after new Video card installation
On Tue, 2 Mar 2010 14:00:31 +0100 Andreas Rudisch cyb.@gmx.net articulated: On Tue, 2 Mar 2010 05:51:00 -0500 Carmel carmel...@hotmail.com wrote: On Tue, 2 Mar 2010 09:05:03 +0100 Andreas Rudisch cyb.@gmx.net articulated: On Mon, 1 Mar 2010 19:42:19 -0500 Carmel carmel...@hotmail.com wrote: I installed a nVidia GeForce GT 220 card. Now, the video is fine; however, there is no audio. hdac0: NVidia (Unknown) High Definition Audio Controller mem 0xfcffc000-0xfcff irq 16 at device 0.1 on pci3 I ran into the same problem after installing a GT 240. The video cards support audio via HDMI. During boot the audio chip of the video card is found first (also snd_hda) and used as primary audio device. After kldunload / kldload snd_hda everything would work properly. As a workaround I do not load the snd_hda kernel module at boot, but with a cronjob @reboot. This way the normal sound card is found first. I have sound compiled into my kernel: # Sound device sound device snd_hda # nVidia MCP51 sound support In that case you will not be able to unload/load the kernel module. Anyway, I looked again at the problem and the correct way is to simply set hw.snd.default_unit to the number of the correct pcm device. Since the graphic card uses pcm0 to pcm3, it should be pcm4. Take a look at the output of: %dmesg | grep hda You should see something like: pcm2: HDA NVidia (Unknown) PCM #0 Digital at cad 2 nid 1 on hdac0 pcm3: HDA NVidia (Unknown) PCM #0 Digital at cad 3 nid 1 on hdac0 hdac1: HDA Codec #0: Realtek ALC883 pcm4: HDA Realtek ALC883 PCM #0 Analog at cad 0 nid 1 on hdac1 So set hw.snd.default_unit=4 using sysctl or /etc/sysctl.conf. man snd_hda man sound man sysctl.conf Great, I just went and rebuilt the kernel sans sound and now I find the answer. Anyway, this is what the output for dmesg | grep -i hda was before I rebuilt the kernel: hdac0: NVidia MCP51 High Definition Audio Controller mem 0xfe024000-0xfe027fff irq 21 at device 16.1 on pci0 hdac0: HDA Driver Revision: 20090624_0136 hdac0: [ITHREAD] hdac0: HDA Codec #1: Realtek ALC883 pcm0: HDA Realtek ALC883 PCM #0 Analog at cad 1 nid 1 on hdac0 pcm1: HDA Realtek ALC883 PCM #1 Analog at cad 1 nid 1 on hdac0 pcm2: HDA Realtek ALC883 PCM #2 Digital at cad 1 nid 1 on hdac0 hdac0: NVidia MCP51 High Definition Audio Controller mem 0xfe024000-0xfe027fff irq 21 at device 16.1 on pci0 hdac0: HDA Driver Revision: 20090624_0136 hdac0: [ITHREAD] hdac0: HDA Codec #1: Realtek ALC883 pcm0: HDA Realtek ALC883 PCM #0 Analog at cad 1 nid 1 on hdac0 pcm1: HDA Realtek ALC883 PCM #1 Analog at cad 1 nid 1 on hdac0 pcm2: HDA Realtek ALC883 PCM #2 Digital at cad 1 nid 1 on hdac0 hdac0: NVidia MCP51 High Definition Audio Controller mem 0xfe024000-0xfe027fff irq 21 at device 16.1 on pci0 hdac0: HDA Driver Revision: 20090624_0136 hdac0: [ITHREAD] hdac0: HDA Codec #1: Realtek ALC883 pcm0: HDA Realtek ALC883 PCM #0 Analog at cad 1 nid 1 on hdac0 pcm1: HDA Realtek ALC883 PCM #1 Analog at cad 1 nid 1 on hdac0 pcm2: HDA Realtek ALC883 PCM #2 Digital at cad 1 nid 1 on hdac0 now, dmesg | grep -i hda lists nothing So if I rebuild the kernel with sound, I should set hw.snd.default_unit=4, is that correct? Couldn't I use '3' also? -- Carmel carmel...@hotmail.com |=== |=== |=== |=== | This is supposed to be a happy occasion. Let's not BICKER and ARGUE over who killed who! ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Lost audio after new Video card installation
On Tue, 2 Mar 2010 07:24:56 -0800 Norbert Papke npa...@acm.org articulated: Try setting the folllowing sysctl knob: hw.snd.default_unit=1 You will also have to change the dev.pcm.0 to dev.pcm.1 in your script. If 1 doesn't work, try 2. Thanks, I will try it once I rebuild the kernel for sound. -- Carmel carmel...@hotmail.com |=== |=== |=== |=== | You can always tell the people that are forging the new frontier. They're the ones with arrows sticking out of their backs. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Compiler Flags problem with core2 CPU
On 28 February 2010 07:38, Aaron Lewis aaron.lewis1...@gmail.com wrote: Hi, I gonna recompile kernel for my core2 CPU , so i'd like to pass some flags to gcc. Kinds of -march=core2 , i tried to modify /etc/make.conf e.g CFLAGS += -march=core2 -O20 -ffast-math -mfpmath=sse But it fails .. bad arch switch , core2 cpu is not supported ? Just so you know -O20 is the same as saying -O3. I don't think everything in base is safe for -ffast-math, but setting it in make.conf will surely test that. -O2 is already turned on almost everywhere by default, so also, I believe, with -fomit-frame-pointer. The only thing I've ever found to be remotely useful to change was -Os on an old, space-restricted machine. But last time I tried -Os on amd64 it broke. Badly. -- -- ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Measuring Pressure Between Contact Surfaces Made Easy
The Arizona March meeting will be held at 6:00 p.m. in Phoenix on Wednesday, March 24, at the Airport Mariott. Richard P. Traulsen, Esq. presents: Expert Communication with Attorneys Experts need to communicate with attorneys in a specific and professional manner throughout the trial process, from being retained to the actual trial. Richard will cover areas such as: - discoverability of communications and files - what information to request from the attorney - dealing with attorneys who want you to modify your opinions - different requirements on experts in different jurisdictions or courts - protecting yourself from an attorney allowing a judge to disqualify you, etc. Networking begins at 6:00, dinner and program at 6:45 p.m. The reservation form is attached and also available for download at www.forensic.org. FEWA is pleased to announce the online calendar at www.forensic.org is updated with chapter events and reservation forms through April. If you would like information on .other chapters events, please refer to this calendar. http://www.sensorexpert.com ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
