Re: anoncvs password
El día Sunday, July 08, 2012 a las 02:59:24AM -0700, per...@pluto.rain.com escribió: What is one supposed to enter when anoncvs prompts for a password? I have tried: * my email address, as I would use for anon FTP * ftp, as was once conventionally used for anon FTP * cvs (same idea, but mentioning the transport in use) * nothing -- just hit return None of these works. I get Permission denied (publickey,keyboard-interactive). cvs [checkout aborted]: end of file from server (consult above messages if any) $ CVSROOT=:pserver:anon...@anoncvs.fr.freebsd.org:/home/ncvs $ export CVSROOT $ cvs login Logging in to :pserver:anon...@anoncvs.fr.freebsd.org:2401/home/ncvs CVS password: $ cvs co src cvs checkout: Updating src U src/COPYRIGHT U src/LOCKS U src/MAINTAINERS I used as pw 'anoncvs'; note also: one should use today better svn, not cvs; HIH matthias -- Matthias Apitz t +49-89-61308 351 - f +49-89-61308 399 - m +49-170-4527211 e g...@unixarea.de - w http://www.unixarea.de/ UNIX since V7 on PDP-11 | UNIX on mainframe since ESER 1055 (IBM /370) UNIX on x86 since SVR4.2 UnixWare 2.1.2 | FreeBSD since 2.2.5 ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
df(1) and missing space in partition /dev/ada0p2
Hello, I hace setup a fresh 10.0-CURRENT, this time using gpart(8) and I do not understand why the sum of Used and Avail does not equal to the full space of /dev/ada0p2: $ uname -a FreeBSD aurora-clone.Sisis.de 10.0-CURRENT FreeBSD 10.0-CURRENT #2 r235646M: Thu Jul 5 09:38:00 UTC 2012 r...@aurora-clone.sisis.de:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC i386 $ df -k Filesystem 1024-blocks UsedAvail Capacity Mounted on /dev/ada0p274130588 25389436 4281070837%/ devfs 110 100%/dev linprocfs 440 100%/compat/linux/proc /dev/md0 126492 24 116352 0%/tmp $ echo '25389436+42810708' | bc 68200144 in some older system, which was setup the 'traditional way', it does: $ uname -a FreeBSD tinyCurrent 9.0-CURRENT FreeBSD 9.0-CURRENT #1 r21: Thu Oct 28 10:56:32 CEST 2010 g...@current.sisis.de:/usr/home/guru/myThings/FreeBSD/9-CURRENT/obj/usr/home/guru/myThings/FreeBSD/9-CURRENT/src/sys/GENERIC i386 $ df -k Filesystem 1024-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on /dev/ad4s1a 101297430109271188230%/ devfs 1 1 0 100%/dev /dev/ad4s1d 5049390132150 4917240 3%/var /dev/ad4s1e 101297428525872771628%/tmp /dev/ad4s1f 227454428 122082964 10537146454%/usr linprocfs 4 4 0 100%/compat/linux/proc $ echo '122082964+105371464' | bc 227454428 Any idea? matthias -- Matthias Apitz t +49-89-61308 351 - f +49-89-61308 399 - m +49-170-4527211 e g...@unixarea.de - w http://www.unixarea.de/ UNIX since V7 on PDP-11 | UNIX on mainframe since ESER 1055 (IBM /370) UNIX on x86 since SVR4.2 UnixWare 2.1.2 | FreeBSD since 2.2.5 ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: df(1) and missing space in partition /dev/ada0p2
From owner-freebsd-questi...@freebsd.org Sun Jul 8 01:46:23 2012 Date: Sun, 8 Jul 2012 08:44:51 +0200 From: Matthias Apitz g...@unixarea.de To: freebsd-questions@freebsd.org Subject: df(1) and missing space in partition /dev/ada0p2 Hello, I hace setup a fresh 10.0-CURRENT, this time using gpart(8) and I do not understand why the sum of Used and Avail does not equal to the full space of /dev/ada0p2: A traditional UFS filesstem reserves the last 10% of the disk capacity for the exclusive use of the superuser. 'Avail' represents the space that is available to _any_ user. Thus, on an absolutely _empty_ filesystem, 'avail' will be only 90% of 'total'. 'man tunefs' and see 'minfree' for the gory details. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: df(1) and missing space in partition /dev/ada0p2
El día Sunday, July 08, 2012 a las 02:30:40AM -0500, Robert Bonomi escribió: Hello, I hace setup a fresh 10.0-CURRENT, this time using gpart(8) and I do not understand why the sum of Used and Avail does not equal to the full space of /dev/ada0p2: A traditional UFS filesstem reserves the last 10% of the disk capacity for the exclusive use of the superuser. 'Avail' represents the space that is available to _any_ user. Thus, on an absolutely _empty_ filesystem, 'avail' will be only 90% of 'total'. 'man tunefs' and see 'minfree' for the gory details. You have not answered the question what is causing the diff between both systems; matthias -- Matthias Apitz t +49-89-61308 351 - f +49-89-61308 399 - m +49-170-4527211 e g...@unixarea.de - w http://www.unixarea.de/ UNIX since V7 on PDP-11 | UNIX on mainframe since ESER 1055 (IBM /370) UNIX on x86 since SVR4.2 UnixWare 2.1.2 | FreeBSD since 2.2.5 ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: df(1) and missing space in partition /dev/ada0p2
FreeBSD aurora-clone.Sisis.de 10.0-CURRENT FreeBSD 10.0-CURRENT #2 r235646M: Thu Jul 5 09:38:00 UTC 2012 r...@aurora-clone.sisis.de:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC i386 $ df -k Filesystem 1024-blocks UsedAvail Capacity Mounted on /dev/ada0p274130588 25389436 4281070837%/ devfs 110 100%/dev linprocfs 440 100%/compat/linux/proc /dev/md0 126492 24 116352 0%/tmp $ echo '25389436+42810708' | bc 68200144 only one partition is mounted and created. I don't have idea what installer do as i don't use it. I recommend installing manually so you have full control of how partitions are laid out and using what partition table format. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Format a USB flash drive using gpart
Magdeburg, Germany I have used gpart to partition a USB flash drive into FreeBSD boot partition, root partition and swap partition. making swap partition on USB pendrive is at least stupid. if you won't swap at all - wasted space. If you will it would be so slow and wear USB pendrive so quickly that you certainly don't want this. bsdlabel -w device bsdabel -e device and make a partition start from 0 to end, 4.2BSD newfs it bsdlabel -B and put everything in one partition. make heavy use of tmpfs, make sure noatime is put in fstab to limit writes to pendrive. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: df(1) and missing space in partition /dev/ada0p2
El día Sunday, July 08, 2012 a las 09:47:33AM +0200, Wojciech Puchar escribió: FreeBSD aurora-clone.Sisis.de 10.0-CURRENT FreeBSD 10.0-CURRENT #2 r235646M: Thu Jul 5 09:38:00 UTC 2012 r...@aurora-clone.sisis.de:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC i386 $ df -k Filesystem 1024-blocks UsedAvail Capacity Mounted on /dev/ada0p274130588 25389436 4281070837%/ devfs 110 100%/dev linprocfs 440 100%/compat/linux/proc /dev/md0 126492 24 116352 0%/tmp $ echo '25389436+42810708' | bc 68200144 only one partition is mounted and created. I don't have idea what installer do as i don't use it. I recommend installing manually so you have full control of how partitions are laid out and using what partition table format. I did the partitioning by hand as: # gpart destroy -F ada0 # gpart create -s gpt ada0 # gpart add -t freebsd-boot -s 512k ada0 # gpart bootcode -b /boot/pmbr -p /boot/gptboot -i1 ada0 # gpart add -t freebsd-ufs -b 1m -s 73G ada0 # gpart add -t freebsd-swap ada0 # newfs /dev/ada0p2 ... which I think it's fine; and this explains now also where the missing blocks are: I forgot '-m 0' in newfs(8); thanks to Robert to point me in the correct direction and sorry for the noise. Thanks matthias -- Matthias Apitz t +49-89-61308 351 - f +49-89-61308 399 - m +49-170-4527211 e g...@unixarea.de - w http://www.unixarea.de/ UNIX since V7 on PDP-11 | UNIX on mainframe since ESER 1055 (IBM /370) UNIX on x86 since SVR4.2 UnixWare 2.1.2 | FreeBSD since 2.2.5 ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Format a USB flash drive using gpart
On Sat, 07 Jul 2012 17:45:17 -0400, Thomas Mueller wrote: Does a USB flash drive also work as a giant floppy, no partitions? Can you make a flash drive bootable when nonpartitioned and formatted that way? Yes, that's exactly what my advice was aiming to, but let's try to keep the terminology clean: You cannot do without partitions. A partition carries a file system. You _can_ do without slices. A slice holds one or more partitions. A slice is a DOS primary partition. Omitting it is called dedicated mode. There may be some circumstances where a dedicated disk doesn't boot. Personally I haven't met one, but it's still possible due to BIOSes expecting MS-DOS-alike structures. For the file system side, it's just a matter of having created one partition covering the whole disk, newfs and tunefs it, and install the boot code. Wojciech Puchar did already explain how this works and which tools are involved. However, there _is_ a way to make a giant floppy without a file system (as you said without partitions, and I'll take that literally): You can use tar, the universal file system that isn't a file system to write data to the USB stick. Writing stuff: # tar cf /dev/da0 /my/files Reading stuff: # tar xf /dev/da0 This works, but it may appear that no other system can read it. If you consider using it for FreeBSD only, no problem. The big advantage: You don't need to mount and umount the stick. I'm assume _that_ construct cannot be booted. -- Polytropon Magdeburg, Germany Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0 Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ... ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Format a USB flash drive using gpart
On Sun, 8 Jul 2012 09:49:30 +0200 (CEST), Wojciech Puchar wrote: Magdeburg, Germany I have used gpart to partition a USB flash drive into FreeBSD boot partition, root partition and swap partition. making swap partition on USB pendrive is at least stupid. if you won't swap at all - wasted space. If you will it would be so slow and wear USB pendrive so quickly that you certainly don't want this. bsdlabel -w device bsdabel -e device and make a partition start from 0 to end, 4.2BSD newfs it bsdlabel -B and put everything in one partition. make heavy use of tmpfs, make sure noatime is put in fstab to limit writes to pendrive. An addition: You can label the a partition (e. g. /dev/da0a) or use its UFSID in /etc/fstab, so you don't depend on the exact device name, which in turn depends on the detection order of mass storage which is hard to predict. I'd like to recommend reading for details: http://www.wonkity.com/~wblock/docs/html/disksetup.html and http://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/geom-glabel.html -- Polytropon Magdeburg, Germany Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0 Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ... ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Format a USB flash drive using gpart
On Sat, 7 Jul 2012 20:36:36 -0600 (MDT) Warren Block articulated: On Sat, 7 Jul 2012, Carmel wrote: This is probably a dumb question, but does gpart even work on a USB flash drive? I have not been able to figure out how to do it. I want to erase the entire drive and format it for a FreeBSD UFS2 file system. Yes, gpart will work with pretty much any storage device. If you want the drive to be bootable, it needs boot blocks. This is easier with GPT than MBR. For an 8G drive: # gpart create -s gpt da0 # gpart add -t freebsd-boot -s 512k da0 # gpart bootcode -b /boot/pmbr -p /boot/gptboot -i 1 da0 # gpart add -t freebsd-ufs -b 1M -s 7G da0 # gpart add -t freebsd-swap da0 # newfs -U /dev/da0p2 Thanks Warren, you win the prize for the most detailed answer. Polytropon gave me the easiest answer if I just want to use the drive as a simple storage device; however, if at some point I actually want to go beyond that your answer is what I would require. Interestingly enough, I searched through the man pages and FreeBSD help but never came across anything that specifically addressed flash drive. Perhaps I was just not looking hard enough. Perhaps, and I know that this will offend some purists, but a nice GUI that would do what your instructions detail above would be helpful. There is no way that I am going to remember all of those instructions in six months time. Just my 2¢. -- Carmel ✌ carmel...@hotmail.com ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Format a USB flash drive using gpart
On Sun, 8 Jul 2012 07:41:59 -0400, Carmel wrote: Perhaps, and I know that this will offend some purists, but a nice GUI that would do what your instructions detail above would be helpful. There is no way that I am going to remember all of those instructions in six months time. Just my 2¢. Why not put the commands into a text file locally? Try _that_ with a GUI. :-) I'm almost sure KDE or Gnome offer means to initialize mass storage, but because those seem to be quite Linux-centric, it's possible FreeBSD's system tools won't be utilized. So with using the commands provided by Warren, you will be fine every time. If you practice them regularly, you will remember them, and if you do so, you'll surely write a script that allows you to automate the task so you can forget the commands again. :-) -- Polytropon Magdeburg, Germany Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0 Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ... ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Format a USB flash drive using gpart
On Sun, 8 Jul 2012, Carmel wrote: Yes, gpart will work with pretty much any storage device. If you want the drive to be bootable, it needs boot blocks. This is easier with GPT than MBR. For an 8G drive: # gpart create -s gpt da0 # gpart add -t freebsd-boot -s 512k da0 # gpart bootcode -b /boot/pmbr -p /boot/gptboot -i 1 da0 # gpart add -t freebsd-ufs -b 1M -s 7G da0 # gpart add -t freebsd-swap da0 # newfs -U /dev/da0p2 Thanks Warren, you win the prize for the most detailed answer. Polytropon gave me the easiest answer if I just want to use the drive as a simple storage device; however, if at some point I actually want to go beyond that your answer is what I would require. Interestingly enough, I searched through the man pages and FreeBSD help but never came across anything that specifically addressed flash drive. Perhaps I was just not looking hard enough. FreeBSD sees no significant difference between a flash drive and a disk drive. They are treated the same. Perhaps, and I know that this will offend some purists, but a nice GUI that would do what your instructions detail above would be helpful. There is no way that I am going to remember all of those instructions in six months time. Just my 2¢. bsdinstall(8) has a curses partition editor. There is probably a trick needed to use that outside of an install context. I find gpart easier.___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Format a USB flash drive using gpart
Interestingly enough, I searched through the man pages and FreeBSD help but never came across anything that specifically addressed flash drive. because there is no need to. For freebsd it is just a storage device. for FreeBSD only i recommend using bsdlabel, not gpart, for multiOS using fdisk. it is simpler and boot0cfg allows you to add boot selector, so you can make multisystem pendrive, just as my triple-boot 16GB pendrive holding FreeBSD/i386, FreeBSD/amd64, lots of packages, DOS with lots of tools and windoze installers. Perhaps, and I know that this will offend some purists, but a nice GUI not about purism but (lack of) usability. GUI interfaces never helps, only hides real things and prevent understanding anything. You maybe understand it, maybe not. Most people will not. GUI interfaces are actual a PROBLEM with today software. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Format a USB flash drive using gpart
with using the commands provided by Warren, you will be fine every time. If you practice them regularly, you will remember them, and if you do so, you'll surely write a script that after doing man gpart he will understand it, so remembering is easy. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Working openvpn/pf configuration broken on upgrade from 8.3 to 9.0
Hi. I'm running a small VPN for ~10 office users. Upon upgrading the machine from 8.3 to 9.0 yesterday, it became impossible for users to connect to the VPN. I've tried everything I can think of to track down the problem and it seems (although I may be mistaken) to be something to do with pf and a redirect rule. Here is the pf.conf on the machine: --%-- nic_wan = fxp0 nic_dmz = fxp2 nic_tun = tun0 # Perform NAT for outgoing connections from the DMZ nat log on $nic_wan from $nic_dmz:network to any - ($nic_wan) # Redirect incoming openvpn clients from the WAN to the openvpn server rdr log on $nic_wan proto udp from any to any port 11940 - 10.2.0.1 port 11940 pass log all --%-- The fxp0 interface is connected directly so a small DSL modem that simply forwards everything to this machine (no NAT, no filtering, etc). The fxp0 has one address: 1.0.0.2. The openvpn daemon is listening on 10.2.0.1, which is the only IP bound to the fxp2 interface. Here is where the madness starts: Running tcpdump on fxp0 and pflog0 shows the following when a remote user x.x.x.x connects: fxp0: 00:00:00.443090 00:50:7f:21:67:94 00:d0:b7:40:4b:31, IPv4, length 96: x.x.x.x.11940 10.0.0.2.11940: UDP, length 54 pflog0: 00:00:16.820380 rule 0..16777216/0(match): pass in on fxp0: x.x.x.x.11940 10.2.0.1.11940: UDP, length 54 So, packets come in fxp0 from x.x.x.x and then after the rdr rule, they're sent to 1.2.0.1:11940. However, the openvpn server log shows nothing, even at the highest verbosity settings. The connecting client eventually receives a handshake timed out message and either gives up or tries again. Using nc, it's possible to see that packets *are* getting through: $ nc -u -vvv example.com 11940 Connection to example.com 11940 port [udp/*] succeeded! The openvpn server log then shows a TLS handshake error (as expected, as nc obviously isn't performing a TLS handshake). If I, from inside the DMZ, try to connect an openvpn client to the server, the connection immediately succeeds and everything works correctly. Therefore, I believe that the 'rdr' rule in the pf.conf is probably to blame and that something pretty fundamental has changed between 8.3 and 9.0. From the bizarre behaviour (letting packets through but apparently damaged in some way), I'm guessing that this is a bug. Does anyone have any idea how I can track down what's going on? ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Format a USB flash drive using gpart
On Sun, 8 Jul 2012 14:16:31 +0200 (CEST), Wojciech Puchar wrote: Perhaps, and I know that this will offend some purists, but a nice GUI not about purism but (lack of) usability. GUI interfaces never helps, only hides real things and prevent understanding anything. You maybe understand it, maybe not. Most people will not. GUI interfaces are actual a PROBLEM with today software. The main problem here is that you have no efficient way of documentation. What do you want to do? Describe pictures? And as soon as the GUI changes (e. g. different toolkit version), things may change, not look the same anymore. Also GUIs seem to be limited, especially if you want to apply options that make better use of characteristics of a flash drive (compared to a regular hard disk). A GUI disk initializer would have to take _every_ possibility into mind, everything that might be specific to the OS it runs on (as for example Linux differs from FreeBSD filesystem-wise), making things much more complicated than they need to. With few routine, tasks are performed more natural using the desired CLI tools. You don't go Now I have to remember which command to format the disk, you just format the disk, which means spaking to newfs. The more often you do it, the more obvious the tools are, and they won't change in look and feel (or options). That makes them superior. I admit that they might be confusing for people who do not want to read, learn and practice. That's okay. Those should use GUI tools and live with the (limited) set of selections they are presented. As there is no real distinction between user and administrator anymore, this is something we need to live with. That being said, CLI tools offer the easier interface to the more advanced functionality and better flexibility, which is especially useful in the discussed case: initializing a USB flash drive that might need different options than what you could default to for a regular disk drive. -- Polytropon Magdeburg, Germany Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0 Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ... ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Format a USB flash drive using gpart
On 08/07/2012 13:30, Polytropon wrote: With few routine, tasks are performed more natural using the desired CLI tools. You don't go Now I have to remember which command to format the disk, you just format the disk, which means spaking to newfs. The more often you do it, the more obvious the tools are, and they won't change in look and feel (or options). That makes them superior. How do you format a FAT32 partition? newfs won't work. Is it newfs_vfat, newfs_fat32, newfs_msdos etc.? And how do you specify you want FAT32 instead of FAT12 or FAT16? With a good GUI tool like diskmgmt.msc in Windows 2008 you simply right-click the partition and click New Volume to create a new partition, or Format to format it - and then follow the prompts. Of course using diskpart is faster if you know the commands and parameters, but for an ordinary user adding a new disk maybe once a year it's most likely more efficient to just use the GUI. -- Bruce Cran ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Format a USB flash drive using gpart
On Sun, 08 Jul 2012 14:27:05 +0100, Bruce Cran wrote: On 08/07/2012 13:30, Polytropon wrote: With few routine, tasks are performed more natural using the desired CLI tools. You don't go Now I have to remember which command to format the disk, you just format the disk, which means spaking to newfs. The more often you do it, the more obvious the tools are, and they won't change in look and feel (or options). That makes them superior. How do you format a FAT32 partition? newfs won't work. Is it newfs_vfat, newfs_fat32, newfs_msdos etc.? And how do you specify you want FAT32 instead of FAT12 or FAT16? In such cases, you use the _proper_ CLI tools for that job. As I said, those are typically specific to the file system one wants to use, and depending on the file system design, there may be options that are individual to those tools. For every fs-related task, there is a system-level tool that does the job. With a good GUI tool like diskmgmt.msc in Windows 2008 you simply right-click the partition and click New Volume to create a new partition, or Format to format it - and then follow the prompts. And of course you cannot create UFS partitions that way. :-) I still remember the initalize disk function from the original Amiga or Atari ST graphical interfaces. They were bound to those systems and their supported file systems. Intending to have something similar (a GUI) for UNIX and Linux would be possible, but very complicated under the hood, and it would be even more complicated to make all that power utilizable to a novice user. In that specific case, reasonable defaults would have to be provided, which typically fail in edge cases. This is where you use the power of CLI. Another advantage: It's less interactive, giving you potential for automating tasks. Follow the prompts might even be too complicated for some kinds of users. :-) Of course using diskpart is faster if you know the commands and parameters, but for an ordinary user adding a new disk maybe once a year it's most likely more efficient to just use the GUI. If the GUI takes the considerations about file system and media type (and their implications) into mind -- no problem. Sadly, I don't know of a tool yet that exactly works that way. Especially in trial error scenarios the CLI is simpler in use. For example, you compose a newfs command. Then you apply it. Not happy with the result? Recall the command from the command line history, change the parameters you want, and then try again. It's surely harder to do that within a GUI. :-) On the other hand, a proper tool would efficiently visualize the content of a disk, showing how slices and partitions are laid out and what options they have. This is a real benefit in testing scenarios where you need a quick overview of the status quo. -- Polytropon Magdeburg, Germany Happy FreeBSD user since 4.0 Andra moi ennepe, Mousa, ... ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Format a USB flash drive using gpart
In freebsd-questions Digest, Vol 422, Issue 10, Message: 29 On Sun, 8 Jul 2012 07:41:59 -0400 Carmel carmel...@hotmail.com wrote: On Sat, 7 Jul 2012 20:36:36 -0600 (MDT) Warren Block articulated: On Sat, 7 Jul 2012, Carmel wrote: This is probably a dumb question, but does gpart even work on a USB flash drive? I have not been able to figure out how to do it. I want to erase the entire drive and format it for a FreeBSD UFS2 file system. Yes, gpart will work with pretty much any storage device. If you want the drive to be bootable, it needs boot blocks. This is easier with GPT than MBR. For an 8G drive: # gpart create -s gpt da0 # gpart add -t freebsd-boot -s 512k da0 # gpart bootcode -b /boot/pmbr -p /boot/gptboot -i 1 da0 # gpart add -t freebsd-ufs -b 1M -s 7G da0 # gpart add -t freebsd-swap da0 # newfs -U /dev/da0p2 Thanks Warren, you win the prize for the most detailed answer. Polytropon gave me the easiest answer if I just want to use the drive as a simple storage device; however, if at some point I actually want to go beyond that your answer is what I would require. Interestingly enough, I searched through the man pages and FreeBSD help but never came across anything that specifically addressed flash drive. Perhaps I was just not looking hard enough. In general they're not distinct in usage from any other type of disk. Perhaps, and I know that this will offend some purists, but a nice GUI that would do what your instructions detail above would be helpful. There is no way that I am going to remember all of those instructions in six months time. Just my 2¢. Well one of the reasons I'm replying to this is to keep a copy of Warren's recipe handy :) Another is to point out that rumours of the death of MBR partitioning, especially on small disks, are premature. I know your question specified gpart, but the easiest way I know of to put UFS filesystems on flash drives is to use sade(8), incorporating the fdisk bsdlabel newfs functions from sysinstall .. it still works as well as ever, however old-fashioned or deprecated some may call it. sade's GUI at the curses level :) and does all the heavy maths for you, both for slicing the disk and partitioning the slice(s). As mentioned in boot0cfg(8), you have to set # sysctl kern.geom.debugflags=16 before sade (or anything) can write to any GEOM disk's boot sectors. Remember to reset it to 0 later. You might even like to put a small msdosfs slice first, so you can use some of that stick to transfer files between UFS and DOS systems. And yes you can multiboot from a memstick if you (or sade) put boot0 on it, assuming your computer supports booting from USB drives. I don't know what the gpart equivalent of boot0 is, if there is one yet? Last I heard, seemed you had to use Linux tools to multiboot GPT disks. There was some muttering about updating sade to handle GPT too .. that would be very welcome, maybe restoring some of the lost functionality from sysinstall/sade back into bsdinstall, both for GPT and MBR systems. cheers, Ian___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
nanobsd: UsbDevice broken?
Hi, I'm trying to get nanobsd working on an USB-stick. Encountered the following problem in _.di (tail): Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity iused ifree %iused Mounted on /dev/md0s1a947643 236357 63547527%4712 1176864% /usr/obj/nanobsd.NANOBSD/_.mnt Generating mtree... Creating /dev/md0s3 with /usr/obj/nanobsd.NANOBSD//_.w/var/empty (mounting on /usr/obj/nanobsd.NANOBSD//_.mnt) newfs -b 4096 -f 512 -i 8192 -O1 -U -LNANOs3 /dev/md0s3 /dev/md0s3: 7.8MB (16065 sectors) block size 4096, fragment size 512 using 4 cylinder groups of 1.96MB, 503 blks, 256 inodes. with soft updates super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at: 32, 4056, 8080, 12104 /usr/obj/nanobsd.NANOBSD//_.mnt/. 0 blocks Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity iused ifree %iused Mounted on /dev/md0s3 78401 7212 0% 2 10200% /usr/obj/nanobsd.NANOBSD/_.mnt Writing out _.disk.image... dd: /dev/md0s1: Input/output error 12559+0 records in 12559+0 records out 823066624 bytes transferred in 58.897047 secs (13974667 bytes/sec) Running exit trap code Filesystem 1K-blocksUsed Avail Capacity iusedifree %iused Mounted on /dev/ada0p2 379804760 7180384 342239996 2% 470776 236828222% / umount: /usr/obj/nanobsd.NANOBSD//_.mnt: not a file system root directory Replacing the line UsbDevice Generic 1000 with FlashDevice SanDisk 1G gives Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity iused ifree %iused Mounted on /dev/md0s1a982527 236354 66757026%4712 1225824% /usr/obj/nanobsd.NANOBSD/_.mnt Generating mtree... Creating /dev/md0s3 with /usr/obj/nanobsd.NANOBSD//_.w/var/empty (mounting on /usr/obj/nanobsd.NANOBSD//_.mnt) newfs -b 4096 -f 512 -i 8192 -O1 -U -LNANOs3 /dev/md0s3 /dev/md0s3: 1.5MB (3024 sectors) block size 4096, fragment size 512 using 4 cylinder groups of 0.37MB, 95 blks, 64 inodes. with soft updates super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at: 32, 792, 1552, 2312 /usr/obj/nanobsd.NANOBSD//_.mnt/. 0 blocks Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity iused ifree %iused Mounted on /dev/md0s3 14151 1301 0% 2 2521% /usr/obj/nanobsd.NANOBSD/_.mnt Writing out _.disk.image... 15615+1 records in 15615+1 records out 1023386112 bytes transferred in 22.597459 secs (45287663 bytes/sec) Any suggestions? Thanks Reinhard nanobsd config: NANO_NAME=NANOBSD NANO_PMAKE=make -j 4 NANO_KERNEL=GENERIC NANO_ARCH=i386 NANO_IMAGES=1 NANO_BOOTLOADER=boot/boot0 NANO_LABEL=NANO CONF_BUILD=' NO_KLDLOAD=YES NO_NETGRAPH=YES NO_PAM=YES ' CONF_INSTALL=' NO_BLUETOOTH=YES NO_CVS=YES NO_FORTRAN=YES NO_HTML=YES NO_LPR=YES NO_MAN=YES NO_SENDMAIL=YES NO_SHAREDOCS=YES NO_EXAMPLES=YES NO_INSTALLLIB=YES NO_CALENDAR=YES NO_MISC=YES NO_SHARE=YES ' CONF_WORLD=' NO_MODULES=YES NO_KERBEROS=YES NO_GAMES=YES NO_RESCUE=YES NO_SYSCONS=YES NO_INFO=YES ' #USB Stick UsbDevice Generic 1000 #FlashDevice SanDisk 1G # allow root to login via SSH customize_cmd cust_allow_ssh_root ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: anoncvs password
Matthias Apitz g...@unixarea.de wrote: ... one should use today better svn, not cvs; Does svn work for (parts of) the ports collection, and is there a writeup somewhere on how to use it? It doesn't seem to have found its way into http://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/mirrors.html ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
for loops with /bin/sh on command line.
I'm sure I'm being dim, but why cant I do a for loop on the command line using /bin/sh ? am I suffering from too much use of bash and as such shouldnt expect it to work? banshee# for foo in 1 2 3 ; do echo $foo ; done for: Command not found. foo: Undefined variable. banshee# echo 'for foo in 1 2 3; do echo $foo ; done' bahh.sh banshee# sh bahh.sh 1 2 3 banshee# Vince ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: for loops with /bin/sh on command line.
am I suffering from too much use of bash and as such shouldnt expect it to work? maybe. i actually use bash for script. banshee# for foo in 1 2 3 ; do echo $foo ; done for: Command not found. foo: Undefined variable. banshee# echo 'for foo in 1 2 3; do echo $foo ; done' bahh.sh banshee# sh bahh.sh 1 2 3 banshee# Vince ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: for loops with /bin/sh on command line.
banshee# for foo in 1 2 3 ; do echo $foo ; done for: Command not found. foo: Undefined variable. banshee# echo 'for foo in 1 2 3; do echo $foo ; done' bahh.sh banshee# sh bahh.sh 1 2 3 banshee# echo $SHELL is it /bin/sh really? ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Format a USB flash drive using gpart
I know your question specified gpart, but the easiest way I know of to put UFS filesystems on flash drives is to use sade(8), incorporating the the easiest way to put UFS filesystem on flash drives is to ... put UFS filesystem using newfs command. You DO NOT NEED any partitioning. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: for loops with /bin/sh on command line.
On 08/07/2012 17:51, Wojciech Puchar wrote: banshee# for foo in 1 2 3 ; do echo $foo ; done for: Command not found. foo: Undefined variable. banshee# echo 'for foo in 1 2 3; do echo $foo ; done' bahh.sh banshee# sh bahh.sh 1 2 3 banshee# echo $SHELL is it /bin/sh really? Doh, yes that was it. Cant believe I forgot to check. I was running csh for no good reason. Thanks, Vince ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: anoncvs password
El día Sunday, July 08, 2012 a las 09:21:53AM -0700, per...@pluto.rain.com escribió: Matthias Apitz g...@unixarea.de wrote: ... one should use today better svn, not cvs; Does svn work for (parts of) the ports collection, As far as I know, the ports will move to SVN soon; there was a thread in current@ some days ago; IIRC the date was July 14; search for Subject: [HEADS UP] Ports tree migration to Subversion and is there a writeup somewhere on how to use it? It doesn't seem to have found its way into http://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/mirrors.html see: http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/committers-guide/subversion-primer.html HIH matthias -- Matthias Apitz t +49-89-61308 351 - f +49-89-61308 399 - m +49-170-4527211 e g...@unixarea.de - w http://www.unixarea.de/ UNIX since V7 on PDP-11 | UNIX on mainframe since ESER 1055 (IBM /370) UNIX on x86 since SVR4.2 UnixWare 2.1.2 | FreeBSD since 2.2.5 ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: for loops with /bin/sh on command line.
3 banshee# echo $SHELL is it /bin/sh really? Doh, yes that was it. Cant believe I forgot to check. I was running csh for no good reason. the reason is that it is default. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Format a USB flash drive using gpart
On 08/07/2012 16:06, Ian Smith wrote: In general they're not distinct in usage from any other type of disk. The more expensive disks of course support TRIM so you'd want to pass -t to newfs to enable it. -- Bruce Cran ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Format a USB flash drive using gpart
In general they're not distinct in usage from any other type of disk. The more expensive disks of course support TRIM so you'd want to pass -t to newfs to enable it. can you give me an example of pendrive that supports TRIM? ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
YASSDQ
Hi I have put together a little experimental FreebSD 9.0 box which comprises of ; http://www.cartft.com/catalog/il/934 http://www.overclockers.co.uk/showproduct.php?prodid=HS-023-ZA 2GB RAM and a Sandisk SDSA3BD-054G 8GB SSD The idea is a silent system I can tinker on - nothing serious. I chose the guided install and accepted the default partition / fs layout. I thought the things where running a bit slow and changed from 'native' in the BIOS to 'legacy' SATA and things seem a bit quicker now however I am wondering if I am getting the bext out of the SDD? I have read a little about 'aligning' and 4k sectors I think? If its running ok should I leave as is? Or do you have tunning advice for me? Thanks! ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Format a USB flash drive using gpart
On 08/07/2012 21:51, Wojciech Puchar wrote: can you give me an example of pendrive that supports TRIM? LaCie FastKey (http://www.tomshardware.co.uk/usb-3.0-thumb-drive-flash-drive,review-32174-5.html). -- Bruce Cran ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: qbittorrent freezes, ioctl sign-extension ioctl ffffffff8004667e
On Sat, 7 Jul 2012 20:52:50 +0200 Jens Schweikhardt wrote: hello, world\n is anybody else seeing this? On a fresh 9-STABLE/amd64 as of July 7, with all ports compiled from scratch. Qbittorrent (2.9.11) freezes after about 10 to 20 seconds, reacts to mouse clicks only after a minute or so; the window isn't redrawn when it was obscured by other windows and ... I tried it a few weeks ago on 8.3. I found that it locks-up just after the first torrent is added, or if it's started with a torrent already loaded. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: qbittorrent freezes, ioctl sign-extension ioctl ffffffff8004667e
On Sun, 8 Jul 2012, RW wrote: On Sat, 7 Jul 2012 20:52:50 +0200 Jens Schweikhardt wrote: hello, world\n is anybody else seeing this? On a fresh 9-STABLE/amd64 as of July 7, with all ports compiled from scratch. Qbittorrent (2.9.11) freezes after about 10 to 20 seconds, reacts to mouse clicks only after a minute or so; the window isn't redrawn when it was obscured by other windows and ... I tried it a few weeks ago on 8.3. I found that it locks-up just after the first torrent is added, or if it's started with a torrent already loaded. mosy probably not FreeBSD related. just a buggy program ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Format a USB flash drive using gpart
seems like SSD style controller+USB 3.0 bridge. sizes suggest this. thanks. On Sun, 8 Jul 2012, Bruce Cran wrote: On 08/07/2012 21:51, Wojciech Puchar wrote: can you give me an example of pendrive that supports TRIM? LaCie FastKey (http://www.tomshardware.co.uk/usb-3.0-thumb-drive-flash-drive,review-32174-5.html). -- Bruce Cran ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
power failure, boot, and fsck
Hi, After a power failure at home, my FreeBSD server automatically starts again but fails to mount my UFS /boot disk because it was not properly unmounted. Here is my fstab: $ cat /etc/fstab # Device Mountpoint FStype Options Dump Pass# /dev/da0s1a /boot-disk ufsrw 00 I'm using ZFS root with a USB UFS boot device. Anyway, I get an error that looks like (copied from another thread; devices and mount points don't match): UFS: /dev/ad10s3f (/usr) Automatic file system check failed, help! error aborting boo (sending sigtem to parent)! init: /bin/sh on /etc/rc terminated abnormally, going to single user mode. enter full pathname of shell or RETURN for /bin/sh: In single-user mode I just `fsck /dev/da0s1a` and reboot. That fixes the problem. However, I would like this to be automatic on boot. It would be annoying if I'm out-of-town and the server cannot recover without my help. Any tips? -- Patrick Donnelly ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Format a USB flash drive using gpart
On Sat, 07 Jul 2012 17:45:17 -0400, Thomas Mueller wrote: Does a USB flash drive also work as a giant floppy, no partitions? Can you make a flash drive bootable when nonpartitioned and formatted that way? Polytropon responded: Yes, that's exactly what my advice was aiming to, but let's try to keep the terminology clean: You cannot do without partitions. A partition carries a file system. You _can_ do without slices. A slice holds one or more partitions. A slice is a DOS primary partition. Omitting it is called dedicated mode. There may be some circumstances where a dedicated disk doesn't boot. Personally I haven't met one, but it's still possible due to BIOSes expecting MS-DOS-alike structures. For the file system side, it's just a matter of having created one partition covering the whole disk, newfs and tunefs it, and install the boot code. Wojciech Puchar did already explain how this works and which tools are involved. However, there _is_ a way to make a giant floppy without a file system (as you said without partitions, and I'll take that literally): You can use tar, the universal file system that isn't a file system to write data to the USB stick. Writing stuff: # tar cf /dev/da0 /my/files Reading stuff: # tar xf /dev/da0 This works, but it may appear that no other system can read it. If you consider using it for FreeBSD only, no problem. The big advantage: You don't need to mount and umount the stick. I'm assume _that_ construct cannot be booted. You mean the non-subdivided 1.44 MB or other capacity of a floppy is called a partition? Same question for CDs? One does not usually think of something that can't be created by subdividing as a partition. Also, a file system can be contained in an image file. Or is this a virtual partition? Might # tar xf /dev/da0 work in other BSDs or even other (quasi-)Unixes including Linux, using the appropriate device name where applicable in place of da0? While that particular construst could probably not be booted, it is possible to boot from a floppy or image file that does not contain a file system. Some of the disk images on the System Rescue CD (sysresccd.org) are not viewable/mountable as file systems. Tom ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: YASSDQ
On Sun, 8 Jul 2012, Graham Bentley wrote: Hi I have put together a little experimental FreebSD 9.0 box which comprises of ; http://www.cartft.com/catalog/il/934 http://www.overclockers.co.uk/showproduct.php?prodid=HS-023-ZA 2GB RAM and a Sandisk SDSA3BD-054G 8GB SSD The idea is a silent system I can tinker on - nothing serious. I chose the guided install and accepted the default partition / fs layout. I thought the things where running a bit slow and changed from 'native' in the BIOS to 'legacy' SATA and things seem a bit quicker now however I am wondering if I am getting the bext out of the SDD? I have read a little about 'aligning' and 4k sectors I think? If its running ok should I leave as is? Or do you have tunning advice for me? The default install of 9.0-RELEASE does not align to 4k sectors. Depending on the SSD, this might cost a little or a lot of performance. The example gpart commands I posted in the Format a USB flash drive thread create aligned partitions: http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-questions/2012-July/243190.html Notes: 1. SSDs don't necessarily use 4k blocks, some use larger ones. Starting the first filesystem partition at 1M works for most of the common values. 2. As Bruce Cran pointed out, TRIM can be enabled with UFS. But make sure the SSD supports it first. 3. Swap is tricky with small drives, even trickier if you want to use TRIM. Swap files can be used, and then you get TRIM, but see http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/query-pr.cgi?pr=bin/168544 for a way to dismount that swap file before shutdown and an annoying panic. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Format a USB flash drive using gpart
On Sun, Jul 08, 2012 at 02:27:05PM +0100, Bruce Cran wrote: On 08/07/2012 13:30, Polytropon wrote: With few routine, tasks are performed more natural using the desired CLI tools. You don't go Now I have to remember which command to format the disk, you just format the disk, which means spaking to newfs. The more often you do it, the more obvious the tools are, and they won't change in look and feel (or options). That makes them superior. How do you format a FAT32 partition? You don't. You wipe the FAT32 with fdisk and make a FreeBSD slice on it. Then you can bsdlabel it with one partition and newfs it. Or you can use the gpart tools with I am not yet familiar. But, in any case, the FAT32 is irrelevant. You just overwrite that with the FreeBSD stuff. If you have a FAT32 on it and if you want to use it as a FAT32, then you leave the FAT32 alone and just mount the thing as type msdosfs. Make a mount point for it. I commonly use /stick Add something like the following in your /etc/fstab /dev/da2s1 /stick msdosfs rw,noauto 0 0 and then do #mount /stick on the command line. You will have to figure out the correct /dev/... address for it. Generally you dan find the info in dmesg. jerry newfs won't work. Is it newfs_vfat, newfs_fat32, newfs_msdos etc.? And how do you specify you want FAT32 instead of FAT12 or FAT16? With a good GUI tool like diskmgmt.msc in Windows 2008 you simply right-click the partition and click New Volume to create a new partition, or Format to format it - and then follow the prompts. Of course using diskpart is faster if you know the commands and parameters, but for an ordinary user adding a new disk maybe once a year it's most likely more efficient to just use the GUI. -- Bruce Cran ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Format a USB flash drive using gpart
You don't. You wipe the FAT32 with fdisk and make a FreeBSD slice on it. Then you can bsdlabel it with one partition and newfs it. Or you can repeat 100 times more that you have to make fdisk and bsdlabel. you don't, and it doesn't make sense ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: Format a USB flash drive using gpart
file system (as you said without partitions, and I'll take that literally): You can use tar, the universal file system that isn't a file system to write data to the USB stick. which is best in USB pendrive wear and speed point of view. pendrive's flash translation layers are just awful, only linear writes works well. Writing stuff: # tar cf /dev/da0 /my/files i would recomment tar -b 128 -cf /dev/da0 /my/files Might # tar xf /dev/da0 work in other BSDs or even other (quasi-)Unixes including Linux, using the appropriate device name where applicable in place of da0? yes it will run fine under linux, openbsd, netbsd, slowlaris etc. While that particular construst could probably not be booted, it is possible to boot from a floppy or image file that does not contain a file system. If you need bootable pendrive then you have to use disklabel and make filesystem. ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
