Good questions. The topic can be confusing and difficult to visualize -
especially for 3D landmark data.
The 1999 paper in the Journal of Classification that Adams mentions was my
attempt to describe its practical relevance in morphometrics. My 1999 paper in
Hystrix may also be of interest to
Karolin,
A reading of Rohlf 1999 may help.
Dean
Rohlf, F.J. 1999. Shape statistics: Procrustes superimpositions and tangent
spaces. Journal of Classification. 16:197-223.
Dr. Dean C. Adams
Distinguished Professor of Evolutionary Biology
Director of Graduate Education, EEB Program
Department
