to be significantly cheaper than the 710 models, while having the same
reliability characteristics. I haven't been able to get one yet though,
so I don't really know for sure how well they perform.
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PostgreSQL Training, Services, and 24x7
20;
On my trivial test install that gives me just the one user table:
relation | total_size
--+
public.t | 3568 kB
While still showing larger catalog tables if they grow to be noticeable.
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PostgreSQL
good models are direct PCI-E storage units,
like the FusionIO drives.
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To make changes
and distribute them to the world than to add 40 pages to the
official manual. And I say that as someone who tried wandering down
both paths to see which was more productive.
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-cache-mystery.html
and http://blog.2ndquadrant.com/tuning_linux_for_low_postgresq/ (note
that some of the links in that second one, to the test pgbench results,
are broken; http://www.highperfpostgres.com/pgbench-results/index.htm is
the right URL now)
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hoping for, but it should be easy
enough to test.
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newer kernel runs much faster on latest generation hardware.
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To make changes to your
well run by its organizers, even though they are private
event management by your definition.
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on that subject at
http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Slow_Query_Questions
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To make changes
:
write 112113.908 ops/sec
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can easily install and use it. It's
probably easy for you to get pgAdmin installed and working for example,
and that's not a part of core. There's just been a lot more work put
into packaging it than most tools have gotten so far.
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easier to build into the core database. For example,
the recent Command Triggers feature submission will make it easier to
catch DDL changes as well as queries for this sort of thing.
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On 12/09/2011 08:54 PM, Greg Smith wrote:
I decided about a year ago that further work on using Systemtap was a
black hole: time goes in, nothing really usable on any production
server seems to come out.
My off-list e-mail this weekend has, quite rightly, pointed out that
this cheap shot
prioritization code was
operating as expected or not, I imagine some extra monitoring tools
really need to get built first. Might as well expose those for people
like yourself too, once they're built for that purpose.
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lead time, just knowing it's coming in the next version would be good
enough for some people who are blocked right now to start working on theirs.
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Sent
volume pgsql-performance mailing list
too.
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To make changes
On 09/22/2011 01:34 AM, Mike Christensen wrote:
If Oracle was a swimming pool, I would have those little floaty duck
things on my arms.
Yes, it's too bad the license to get Oracle 11g with Floaties is cost
prohibitive for most companies.
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code, there really is no reason to give more than 8GB of
dedicated memory to the database on Linux via shared_buffers. You're
better off letting the OS do caching with it instead.
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is a bit
more complicated than an LRU, while the one in the OS probably is a
LRU. If the table is used frequently, it's very likely to stay in one
of the two caches anyway.
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activity since that checkpoint
marker to fix all torn pages.
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To make changes to your
checkpoints
will be based on the timeout instead. Then you can see how WAL load
decreases as you increase checkpoint_timeout. I've had to set
checkpoint_timeout as high as 30 minutes before on busy systems, to
lower the WAL overhead.
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of
checkpoints are to move forward the pointer of how far back crash
recovery needs to replay from. Starting each new checkpoint over again,
with a full copy of all the data modified going into the WAL, it is part
of that logic.
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not supporting Intel's
latest graphics drivers on recent Sandy Bridge servers may postpone
adopting that further for me.
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wrong with your
input file.
P.S. The fast way to get lots of data into PostgreSQL is to use COPY,
not a series of INSERT statements. You may want to turn off
synchronous_commit to get good performance when doing lots of INSERTs.
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if it's that the flash
cells deliver stuff faster when you read a sequential series from the
same cell of flash, or if it's just that there's less physical IOs
happening.
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your server to allocate over
250GB of RAM for query working memory, if all 100 connections do
something. Either reduce that a lot, or decrease max_connections, if
you want this server to run safely.
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pg_settings WHERE
name='max_connections';
The setting comes back as a text field when using current_setting on the
pg_settings view (which isn't a real table, under the hood it's calling
a system function)
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to it. They can't move things around there because they don't
really own the list; they just make a copy of all its messages.
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rather than trying to figure it out from
scratch--about once every week.
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To make
did the math on MySQL, too. Could be worse; could have ran
into http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=33704 which, as you can see, is
totally not a bug.
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can show you one
of these 990:1 shots every 7 hours of play. Leaves one with a healthy
respect for the sharp pointy bit on the end of the bell curve, after
you've been stabbed with it a few times you start to remember it's there.
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Greg Smith 2ndQuadrant USg...@2ndquadrant.com
about optimizing your server, that
would be better done on the pgsql-performance list than this one.
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Scott is asking for into
their messages.
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in the future instead:
http://archives.postgresql.org/pgsql-jobs/
In addition to that being the policy here, using that list instead means
that we can block people replying to the whole list with their resumes
and similar details they didn't mean to make public (which does happen).
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gives you a better gut feel for
gambler's ruin, one that translates back into stock trading--and into
thinking about how to really achieve high-availability for a computing
system, too.
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is going to be to debug and maintain. And in those areas,
making a single table gapless is quite complicated.
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in the future. There's nothing stopping you from
just never quoting anything though.
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.
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have, and the ones the paper tries to solve are not the ones I've seen
in my own experiments in multi-tenant deployments.
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and cope with the ambiguity
3) Pick something to put in the middle to represent relationships
between things, to make them less ambiguous. You might name this
foo_to_barbiz or the compact but expressive foo2barbiz as two examples.
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about locking down security, you probably wouldn't be deploying an
auto-installer on Windows in the first place.
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and
expect to lose it when any single component fails, or you can include
some good redundancy practices in the design to reduce odds of a
failure. There really isn't really a good solution providing partial
protection in the middle of those two.
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,
because they have their hands where they can firmly squeeze their...uh,
wallets.
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customers as its
can. Since there is choice among PostgreSQL support companies, you'll
never get into that position with it.
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PostgreSQL 9.0 High Performance
the cache back up with relevant
data after restart. This is the main one:
http://pgfoundry.org/projects/pgfincore/
http://www.pgcon.org/2010/schedule/events/261.en.html
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complicated sharded approaches to make their server perform well.
Unless you have a massive database or extremely high write volume, it's
way more trouble than it's worth to go through distributing writes onto
multiple nodes.
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to measure the exact ratio of database to WAL traffic
here, that might help guide which of these configurations makes more
sense. Hard to answer in a general way.
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to make the copy from new master - old
master faster. Since it has older copies of the files, the copy can go
faster than one to an empty system would take. But you can't just
convert the old master to be a standby of a new master.
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Greg Smith 2ndQuadrant USg...@2ndquadrant.com Baltimore
with this and try to experiment from there,
you may be able to figure out what's going on here a little better.
This connects up the main relevant tables in the right way.
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exceed what a single disk can
provide, than maybe RAID5 will be fine for you. Make sure you keep
shared_buffers low though, because you're not going to be able to absorb
a heavy checkpoint sync on RAID5.
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defaults for all of the parts related to downloading the source code and
compiling it. See the documentation for the peg utility at
https://github.com/gregs1104/peg for more examples
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fixes to
pg_upgrade--have all been backported to 9.0 now.
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on
Linux; that's available at http://pgmag.org/
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.
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To make changes to your
recommended at
http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/SlowQueryQuestions : disk controller
and disk info, PostgreSQL version, and database server configuration all
have a lot of impact here. The contents of pg_stat_bgwriter would be
interesting too.
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to change PGSTAT_STAT_INTERVAL at server compile time to make
it write statistics less frequently. There's no easier way to adjust
that though.
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as
an input to help with that, but the settings that come out should be
considered starting values only. You'll need to monitoring how much
memory is actually being used by the server, as well as the output from
parameters like log_time_files, to know for sure if things are working well.
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without a write. If the database
needs that page again, it will ask the OS for it. If the OS still has
it in its own read cache, it may just read it from the cache again,
without a real disk read happening.
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PostgreSQL
.
This area pops up enough that I've made a discussion of it part of even
my shortest talk about PostgreSQL performance issues to be wary of.
There's a good documentation patch project for somebody here, I just
haven't had time to get to it yet.
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Greg Smith 2ndQuadrant USg
are:
1) Use information_schema. If all the info you need is in here, great;
it may not be though.
2) Use the system catalog data directly
3) Parse text output from psql.
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to
where you can find alternate approaches here. If you need an exact
count and can't afford to generate a full query to find one, some sort
of trigger-based approach is likely where you'll need to go.
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a bit.
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To make
after using Access as if it were a database for too long.
That's a very specific type of post-traumatic stress disorder, and mild
cases can be treated with CBT. Severe cases will instead require ECT,
aka electroshock.
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for
some samples.
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be
justified. The quality trend at the board and component level has been
trending for a long time toward cheap over good in almost every case
nowadays.
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ratio between best and worst manufacturer for
SSD seemed possible. Plenty of us have seen particular drive models
that were much more than 4X as bad as average ones among regular hard
drives.
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, you're probably not going to be
happy with the performance or size of the indexes, relative to simple
integer keys.
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replicating in your yard?
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files using
recovery_target_timeline and the other target settings. It really is
worth the trouble to run some experiments with these ideas to see what
you can do, before you're forced to do so by an emergency.
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PostgreSQL
than the other manufacturers here, so a SSD from anyone else can easily
be less reliable than a regular hard drive still.
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though--part number strings can easily end up longer than
SERIAL-like integers.
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there is such a
preference for surrogate keys in the industry.
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Jeff Davis wrote:
On Mon, 2011-05-02 at 23:07 -0400, Greg Smith wrote:
I see this whole area as being similar to SQL injection. The same way
that you just can't trust data input by the user to ever be secure, you
can't trust inputs to your database will ever be unique in the way you
resources at
it, that's normally the right thing to do.
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that to break one day. That doesn't mean you can't use
them as a sort of foreign key indexing the data; it just means you can't
make them the sole unique identifier for a particular entity, where that
entity is a person, company, or part.
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.
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To make changes to your
. There are all kinds of issues you could
have left here before this works, trying to do a database-level
export/reload--encoding, foreign key problems, who knows what else. The
database-agnostic export/import into XML avoids all of those.
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the manufacturer literature are a
very rosy best case when you're hitting the disk with this type of workload.
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with a
PostgreSQL tilt to them, and I never get those accepted either.
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situations. Not all of them, of course, but this is why I recommend
things like directly measuring your WAL volume.
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On 04/29/2011 06:13 PM, Jeff Davis wrote:
I'm not sure which reference you found, but SFPUG is certainly active
with meetings every month.
http://pugs.postgresql.org/sfpug ; last meeting listed there is January
2009.
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file.
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To make changes
.
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To make changes to your
to do this as a proper
database transaction, which is easiest to express using INSERT instead
of COPY. If any step of the migration goes wrong, being able to do
ROLLBACK and undo the recent bad steps is vital.
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PostgreSQL
is managing lots of smallish (to me) databases,
so putting so much emphasis on making each individual one easier to
troubleshoot makes more sense.
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out sample. Anyone deploying PostgreSQL onto MLC can't
necessarily ignore this issue.
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that as part of the
SQL itself, so it gets pulled out of the database already in bytes.
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any ext2/ext3 combination you can
come up with, performance-wise.
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/libeatmydata/
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To make
expectation for the larger sizes of these drives. Also, it
is cheap flash, so durability in a server environment won't be great.
Don't put your WAL on them if you have a high transaction rate. Put
some indexes there instead.
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Greg Smith 2ndQuadrant USg...@2ndquadrant.com Baltimore, MD
can get corrupted. Your system needs to ensure that when a
write happens, either the whole thing goes to disk, or none of it does.
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Greg Smith 2ndQuadrant USg...@2ndquadrant.com Baltimore, MD
PostgreSQL Training, Services, and 24x7 Support www.2ndQuadrant.us
PostgreSQL 9.0 High
piece to
really make it perform well wouldn't be a good move.
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Greg Smith 2ndQuadrant USg...@2ndquadrant.com Baltimore, MD
PostgreSQL Training, Services, and 24x7 Support www.2ndQuadrant.us
PostgreSQL 9.0 High Performance: http://www.2ndQuadrant.com/books
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PrefetchBuffer, and the one
place the executor calls that is BitmapHeapNext inside
src/backend/executor/nodeBitmapHeapscan.c
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Greg Smith 2ndQuadrant USg...@2ndquadrant.com Baltimore, MD
PostgreSQL Training, Services, and 24x7 Support www.2ndQuadrant.us
PostgreSQL 9.0 High Performance: http
/article/postgresql-tips-tricks
https://www.packtpub.com/sites/default/files/0301OS-Chapter-2-Database-Hardware.pdf
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Greg Smith 2ndQuadrant USg...@2ndquadrant.com Baltimore, MD
PostgreSQL Training, Services, and 24x7 Support www.2ndQuadrant.us
PostgreSQL 9.0 High Performance: http://www
the hard work, haven't found a Linux
system yet it didn't do the right thing on. It sounds like you might
have the math on the relation between the two backwards, look at the
output and code of this once and that should sort things out for you.
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Greg Smith 2ndQuadrant USg
8.1 function
in 8.4?
https://github.com/petere/pgvihash provides the function you're looking for.
I agree with Craig's concerns here, but this may let you convert toward
a better long-term format more easily.
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Greg Smith 2ndQuadrant USg...@2ndquadrant.com Baltimore, MD
PostgreSQL
, i.e. line 624 of the version at:
http://code.google.com/p/commitmonitor/source/browse/trunk/common/openssl/crypto/conf/conf_def.c
So guessing something in the SSL autonegotiation is failing here in a
really unexpected way.
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Greg Smith 2ndQuadrant USg...@2ndquadrant.com Baltimore, MD
with that. I find it hard to get too excited about yet another
forum style discussion area when there's already more PostgreSQL talk on
http://stackoverflow.com/ than I have time to keep up with.
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Greg Smith 2ndQuadrant USg...@2ndquadrant.com Baltimore, MD
PostgreSQL Training, Services
://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Reliable_Writes
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Greg Smith 2ndQuadrant USg...@2ndquadrant.com Baltimore, MD
PostgreSQL Training, Services and Supportwww.2ndQuadrant.us
PostgreSQL 9.0 High Performance: http://www.2ndQuadrant.com/books
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