What about rotation of the earth?
Jim, Correct, there is the Sagnac effect to account for when you travel easterly or westerly with a portable cesium clock (or equivalently, when you send E/M timing signals over wire, fiber, or up/down to a satellite). Typically the correction is built into the software timing that labs use to perform one-way, common view, or two-way sat synchronization. For example, the 1pps from a GPS timing receiver already has this effect included, so no one needs to worry about it anymore. Still, let's say they forgot. You can estimate how much the Sagnac effect would be between CERN (46N 06E) and GSNL (42N 14E) and the answer is about 2.4 ns. Using sagnac.exe (src sagnac.c) from www.leapsecond.com/tools/ here's the rough estimate: 0.2074 us sagnac effect (full round-trip at equator) 0.1073 us sagnac effect (full round-trip at latitude 44) 0.0024 us sagnac effect (8 degree longitude trip at latitude 44) So earth rotation is not where their missing nanoseconds are. The other way to calculate: at 44 degrees latitude, the earth spins about 335 m/s (750 mph). The neutrinos travel east from CERN to GSNL at c for about 2.43 milliseconds. During that short trip, the earth moves only 0.8 meters. /tvb
We did not forget. The two GPS calibration campaigns (zero baseline and portable receiver) were done with antenna and antenna cable included.
You mean between CERN and Gran Sasso? No, but that's certainly something we could explore for the future. Cheers, Javier
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