Hi all,
I am trying to cross compile TUN kernel module.
My config file is like this
1)First we download the kernel source code from http://android.git.kernel.org
Within that page there are kernels for other platforms too. We choose
to download kernel/common project from there.
2)$git clone git://android.git.kernel.org/kernel/common
We check which branch we have downloaded:
3)$git branch
it shows * android-2.6.27, not the one we are searching for:
To list all remote available branches:
3)$git branch -r
origin/HEAD -> origin/android-2.6.27
origin/android-2.6.25
origin/android-2.6.27
origin/android-2.6.29
origin/android-2.6.32
origin/android-goldfish-2.6.27
origin/android-goldfish-2.6.29
What does goldfish mean? (from android-kernel mail list)
Goldfish is the kernel hacked branch that supports the qemu based arm
emulator for android, so it is the one we need.
Download GOLDFISH kernel version
4)$git checkout --track -b android-goldfish-2.6.29
origin/android-goldfish-2.6.29
5)$git branch
android-2.6.27
* android-goldfish-2.6.29
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Second step
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RUNNING THE EMULATOR
Within this link we will find how to get the android emulator, and launch it.
Building Android in Debian Sid
Showing the kernel version running in the emulator
6)$adb shell
7)#cat /proc/version
Linux version 2.6.29-00261-g0097074 (di...@digit.mtv.corp.google.com)
(gcc version 4.4.0 (GCC) ) #14 Tue Feb 2 15:49:02 PST 2010
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Third Step
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OBTAINING KERNEL CONFIGURATION
We are going to obtain the kernel configuration .config file from
within our running emulator.
8)$cd common # we enter in the kernel source directory.
9)$adb pull /proc/config.gz . # get compressed .config file from the emulator.
10)$gunzip config.gz # uncompress it.
11)$cp config .config # rename it into .config
Now you can edit .config file the way it suits you the most.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fourth Step
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BUILDING AND COMPILING THE KERNEL
12)CROSS_COMPILE environment variable stores the path to the arm cross
compiling toolchain. I use the one which comes with android source
code.
13)$ARCH=arm
CROSS_COMPILE=/path/to/mydroid/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.4.0/bin/arm-eabi-
make
ARCH=arm
CROSS_COMPILE=/android-ndk-r4/build/prebuilt/linux-x86/arm-eabi-4.4.0/bin/arm-eabi-
make
Executing make will build the kernel.
Last lines will show:
Kernel: arch/arm/boot/Image is ready
Kernel: arch/arm/boot/zImage is ready
So we have obtained Image and zImage kernel binary files.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FIFTH STEP
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RUN THE EMULATOR USING THE NEW COMPILED KERNEL IMAGE
We need -kernel option:
$emulator -kernel /path/to/common/arch/arm/boot/zImage -show-kernel -verbose
$./emulator -avd neo -kernel
/home/subhas/Desktop/android/common/arch/arm/boot/zImage -show-kernel
-verbose
$./emulator -avd tuntap -kernel
/home/subhas/Desktop/android/common/arch/arm/boot/zImage -show-kernel
-verbose
$./emulator -avd tunmodule -kernel
/home/subhas/Desktop/android/common/arch/arm/boot/zImage -show-kernel
-verbose
$./emulator -avd armv7y -kernel
/home/subhas/Desktop/android/common/arch/arm/boot/zImage -show-kernel
-verbose?
We can check now the kernel version:
$adb shell
# cat /proc/version
Linux version 2.6.29-00262-gb0d93fb (u...@mypc) (gcc version 4.4.0
(GCC) ) #1 Sun May 2 14:27:31 CEST 2010
If we do not specify kernel option it usually uses the prebuilt one:
$emulator -show-kernel -verbose
emulator: argv[01] = "-kernel"
emulator: argv[02] = "/path/to/mydroid/prebuilt/android-arm/kernel/kernel-qemu"
ACTIVATING MODULE LOADING SUPPORT IN THE KERNEL
Module loading support is previously disabled in the kernel, if we
want to load modules in the kernel we have to enable it:
edit .config file and set:
CONFIG_MODULES=y
$ ARCH=arm
CROSS_COMPILE=/path/to/mydroid/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.4.0/bin/arm-eabi-
make
I am asked about some options when executing make. I ask yes for
module related options.
After compiling I see several modules have been built.
MODPOST 6 modules
CC drivers/video/fb_sys_fops.mod.o
LD [M] drivers/video/fb_sys_fops.ko
CC drivers/video/syscopyarea.mod.o
LD [M] drivers/video/syscopyarea.ko
CC drivers/video/sysfillrect.mod.o
LD [M] drivers/video/sysfillrect.ko
CC drivers/video/sysimgblt.mod.o
LD [M] drivers/video/sysimgblt.ko
CC drivers/video/tun.ko
LD [M] drivers/video/vfb.ko
We can upload the modules in the emulator and install them:
$adb push drivers/video/tun.ko /data
$adb shell
#insmod /data/tun.ko
please help me out
emulator: Adding boot property: 'dalvik.vm.heapsize' = '16m'
emulator: argv[00] = "./emulator"
emulator: argv[01] = "-kernel"
emulator: argv[02] = "/home/subhas/Desktop/android/common/arch/arm/boot/zImage"
emulator: argv[03] = "-initrd"
emulator: argv[04] =
"/home/subhas/Desktop/android-sdk-linux_86/platforms/android-8/images//ramdisk.img"
emulator: argv[05] = "-nand"
emulator: argv[06] =
"system,size=0x4e00000,initfile=/home/subhas/Desktop/android-sdk-linux_86/platforms/android-8/images//system.img"
emulator: argv[07] = "-nand"
emulator: argv[08] =
"userdata,size=0x4200000,file=/home/subhas/.android/avd/neo.avd/userdata-qemu.img"
emulator: argv[09] = "-nand"
emulator: argv[10] =
"cache,size=0x4200000,file=/home/subhas/.android/avd/neo.avd/cache.img"
emulator: argv[11] = "-hda"
emulator: argv[12] = "/home/subhas/.android/avd/neo.avd/sdcard.img"
emulator: argv[13] = "-serial"
emulator: argv[14] = "android-kmsg"
emulator: argv[15] = "-serial"
emulator: argv[16] = "android-qemud"
emulator: argv[17] = "-append"
emulator: argv[18] = "qemu=1 console=ttyS0 android.checkjni=1
android.qemud=ttyS1 android.ndns=2"
emulator: argv[19] = "-m"
emulator: argv[20] = "96"
emulator: argv[21] = "-clock"
emulator: argv[22] = "unix"
emulator: mapping 'system' NAND image to /tmp/android/emulator-dx8E62
emulator: rounding devsize up to a full eraseunit, now 4e1e000
emulator: using 'alsa' audio input backend
emulator: using 'alsa' audio output backend
emulator: Trace file name is not set
emulator: control console listening on port 5554, ADB on port 5555
emulator: can't connect to ADB server: Connection refused
emulator: ping program: /home/subhas/Desktop/android-sdk-linux_86/tools/ddms
emulator: ping command:
/home/subhas/Desktop/android-sdk-linux_86/tools/ddms ping emulator 6.0
................... done, booting the kernel.
Initializing cgroup subsys cpu
Linux version 2.6.29-droid-debian-00262-gb0d93fb-dirty
(r...@subhas-desktop) (gcc version 4.4.0 (GCC) ) #2 Mon Aug 2 16:05:26
IST 2010
CPU: ARM926EJ-S [41069265] revision 5 (ARMv5TEJ), cr=00093177
CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache
Machine: Goldfish
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 24384
Kernel command line: qemu=1 console=ttyS0 android.checkjni=1
android.qemud=ttyS1 android.ndns=2
Unknown boot option `android.checkjni=1': ignoring
Unknown boot option `android.qemud=ttyS1': ignoring
Unknown boot option `android.ndns=2': ignoring
PID hash table entries: 512 (order: 9, 2048 bytes)
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
Dentry cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Memory: 96MB = 96MB total
Memory: 92980KB available (3724K code, 355K data, 108K init)
Calibrating delay loop... 210.53 BogoMIPS (lpj=1052672)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
Initializing cgroup subsys debug
Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacct
Initializing cgroup subsys freezer
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
net_namespace: 544 bytes
NET: Registered protocol family 16
bio: create slab <bio-0> at 0
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 4096 bind 4096)
TCP reno registered
NET: Registered protocol family 1
checking if image is initramfs... it is
Freeing initrd memory: 160K
goldfish_new_pdev goldfish_interrupt_controller at ff000000 irq -1
goldfish_new_pdev goldfish_device_bus at ff001000 irq 1
goldfish_new_pdev goldfish_timer at ff003000 irq 3
goldfish_new_pdev goldfish_rtc at ff010000 irq 10
goldfish_new_pdev goldfish_tty at ff002000 irq 4
goldfish_new_pdev goldfish_tty at ff011000 irq 11
goldfish_new_pdev smc91x at ff012000 irq 12
goldfish_new_pdev goldfish_fb at ff013000 irq 13
goldfish_new_pdev goldfish_audio at ff004000 irq 14
goldfish_new_pdev goldfish_mmc at ff005000 irq 15
goldfish_new_pdev goldfish_memlog at ff006000 irq -1
goldfish_new_pdev goldfish-battery at ff014000 irq 16
goldfish_new_pdev goldfish_events at ff015000 irq 17
goldfish_new_pdev goldfish_nand at ff016000 irq -1
goldfish_new_pdev goldfish-switch at ff017000 irq 18
goldfish_new_pdev goldfish-switch at ff018000 irq 19
Kprobe smoke test started
Kprobe smoke test passed successfully
goldfish_pdev_worker registered goldfish_interrupt_controller
goldfish_pdev_worker registered goldfish_device_bus
goldfish_pdev_worker registered goldfish_timer
goldfish_pdev_worker registered goldfish_rtc
goldfish_pdev_worker registered goldfish_tty
goldfish_pdev_worker registered goldfish_tty
goldfish_pdev_worker registered smc91x
goldfish_pdev_worker registered goldfish_fb
goldfish_audio_probe
goldfish_pdev_worker registered goldfish_audio
goldfish_pdev_worker registered goldfish_mmc
goldfish_pdev_worker registered goldfish_memlog
goldfish_pdev_worker registered goldfish-battery
goldfish_pdev_worker registered goldfish_events
goldfish_pdev_worker registered goldfish_nand
goldfish_pdev_worker registered goldfish-switch
goldfish_pdev_worker registered goldfish-switch
ashmem: initialized
Installing knfsd (copyright (C) 1996 o...@monad.swb.de).
JFS: nTxBlock = 728, nTxLock = 5825
yaffs Jul 26 2010 18:23:39 Installing.
msgmni has been set to 182
alg: No test for stdrng (krng)
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler anticipatory registered (default)
io scheduler deadline registered
io scheduler cfq registered
allocating frame buffer 320 * 480, got ffa10000
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 40x30
console [ttyS0] enabled
brd: module loaded
loop: module loaded
nbd: registered device at major 43
lkdtm : Invalid command
smc91x.c: v1.1, sep 22 2004 by Nicolas Pitre <n...@cam.org>
eth0 (smc91x): not using net_device_ops yet
eth0: SMC91C11xFD (rev 1) at c68ba000 IRQ 12 [nowait]
eth0: Ethernet addr: 52:54:00:12:34:56
goldfish nand dev0: size 4bc0000, page 2048, extra 64, erase 131072
goldfish nand dev1: size 4000000, page 2048, extra 64, erase 131072
goldfish nand dev2: size 4000000, page 2048, extra 64, erase 131072
mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
*** events probe ***
events_probe() addr=0xc68c2000 irq=17
events_probe() keymap=qwerty2
input: qwerty2 as /devices/virtual/input/input0
goldfish_rtc goldfish_rtc: rtc core: registered goldfish_rtc as rtc0
device-mapper: uevent: version 1.0.3
device-mapper: ioctl: 4.14.0-ioctl (2008-04-23) initialised: dm-de...@redhat.com
IPv4 over IPv4 tunneling driver
GRE over IPv4 tunneling driver
TCP probe registered (port=0)
TCP cubic registered
NET: Registered protocol family 17
RPC: Registered udp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
802.1Q VLAN Support v1.8 Ben Greear <gree...@candelatech.com>
All bugs added by David S. Miller <da...@redhat.com>
VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 1 part 10 variant 9 rev 0
goldfish_rtc goldfish_rtc: setting system clock to 2010-08-02 11:57:27
UTC (1280750247)
Freeing init memory: 108K
mmc0: new SD card at address e118
mmcblk0: mmc0:e118 SU02G 512 MiB
mmcblk0:
init: cannot open '/initlogo.rle'
yaffs: dev is 32505856 name is "mtdblock0"
yaffs: passed flags ""
yaffs: Attempting MTD mount on 31.0, "mtdblock0"
yaffs_read_super: isCheckpointed 0
save exit: isCheckpointed 0
yaffs: dev is 32505857 name is "mtdblock1"
yaffs: passed flags ""
yaffs: Attempting MTD mount on 31.1, "mtdblock1"
yaffs_read_super: isCheckpointed 0
yaffs: dev is 32505858 name is "mtdblock2"
yaffs: passed flags ""
yaffs: Attempting MTD mount on 31.2, "mtdblock2"
yaffs_read_super: isCheckpointed 0
init: cannot find '/system/bin/dbus-daemon', disabling 'dbus'
init: cannot find '/system/etc/install-recovery.sh', disabling 'flash_recovery'
sh: can't access tty; job control turned off
# eth0: link up
init: untracked pid 40 exited
init: untracked pid 41 exited
warning: `rild' uses 32-bit capabilities (legacy support in use)
init: untracked pid 52 exited
init: untracked pid 51 exited
init: untracked pid 65 exited
init: untracked pid 68 exited
init: untracked pid 69 exited
init: untracked pid 72 exited
init: critical process 'servicemanager' exited 4 times in 4 minutes;
rebooting into recovery mode
save exit: isCheckpointed 1
save exit: isCheckpointed 1
Restarting system with command 'recovery'.
Reboot failed -- System halted
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