Mbak Nurul, Dah dibantu ya ama moms yg lain. Betul sekali yg dikatakan mbak reyna bahwa ASI > 1 th sudah jelak atau ada isitlah asi jelek itu sama sekali tidak tepat. Its more to myth yg sama sekali gak bener kebenarannya. Percayalah bahwa sejelek2nya ASI much much much much much better than susu formula. Saking berharganya ASI sering sekali dikatakan sbg cairan emas. Krn banyaaaaak sekali kandungan dalam ASI, yg jumlahnya ratusan dan hingga saat ini belum diketahui manfaatnya, tidak terdapat dalam susu formula. Jadi do not feel worry ya.
Dan betul juga bahwa saat ini di dunia laktasi sedang trend-nya menyusui toddler. Karena riset menunjukkan bahwa anak2 yg mendapatkan ASI hingga lebih dari 2 th significantly memiliki manfaat lebih. Dan ini bukan hanya utk anak tapi jgua utk para ibu. Karena manfaat ini WHO selalu mengatakan ASI eksklusif utk 6 bl pertama kehidupan seorg anak kemudian ASI dilanjutkan dg MPASI hingga anak berusia 2 th atau lebih. Tidak ada batasan khusus harus 2 th dan setelah itu harus dipaksa berhenti. Saya posting ttg artikel ini. Utk makanan pendampign ASI juga (MPASI) WHO mengeluarkan statement dimulai di usia 6 bl. Jadi gak ada option spt dulu 4 atau 6 bl. Jadi 6 bl. Kenapa ? soal ini juga saya repost di milis ini. Moga menajwab ya. Yakin aja mbak. Luluk -------------- Source : http://www.kellymom.com/newman/bf_toddler_01-03.html Breastfeed a Toddler—Why on Earth? Handout #21. Toddler nursing. January 2003 Written by Jack Newman, MD, FRCPC. © 2003 Because more and more women are now breastfeeding their babies, more and more are also finding that they enjoy breastfeeding enough to want to continue longer than the usual few months they initially thought they would. UNICEF has long encouraged breastfeeding for two years and longer, and the American Academy of Pediatrics is now on record as encouraging mothers to nurse at least one year and as long after as both mother and baby desire. Even the Canadian Paediatric Society, in its latest feeding statement acknowledges that women may want to breastfeed for two years or longer. Breastfeeding to 3 and 4 years of age has been common in much of the world until recently, and it is still common in many societies for toddlers to breastfeed. Why should breastfeeding continue past six months? Because mothers and babies often enjoy breastfeeding a lot. Why stop an enjoyable relationship? And continued breastfeeding is even good for the health and welfare of both the mother and child. But it is said that breastmilk has no value after six months. Perhaps this is said, but it is wrong. That anyone (including paediatricians) can say such a thing only shows how ignorant so many people in our society are about breastfeeding. Breastmilk is, after all, milk. Even after six months, it still contains protein, fat, and other nutritionally important and appropriate elements which babies and children need. Breastmilk still contains immunologic factors that help protect the baby. In fact, some immune factors in breastmilk that protect the baby against infection are present in greater amounts in the second year of life than in the first. This is, of course as it should be, since children older than a year are generally exposed to more infection. Breastmilk still contains factors that help the immune system to mature, and which help the brain, gut, and other organs to develop and mature. It has been well shown that children in daycare who are still breastfeeding have far fewer and less severe infections than the children who are not breastfeeding. The mother thus loses less work time if she continues nursing her baby once she is back at her paid work. It is interesting that formula company marketing pushes the use of formula (a very poor copy of the real thing) for a year, yet implies that breastmilk (from which the copy is made) is only worthwhile for 6 months or even less ("the best nutrition for newborns"). Too many health professionals have taken up this absurd refrain. I have heard that the immunologic factors in breastmilk prevent the baby from developing his own immunity if I breastfeed past six months. This is untrue; in fact, this is absurd. It is unbelievable how so many people in our society twist around the advantages of breastfeeding and turn them into disadvantages. We give babies immunizations so that they are able to defend themselves against the real infection. Breastmilk also helps the baby to fight off infections. When the baby fights off these infections, he becomes immune. Naturally. But I want my baby to become independent. And breastfeeding makes the toddler dependent? Don't believe it. The child who breastfeeds until he weans himself (usually from 2 to 4 years), is generally more independent, and, perhaps, more importantly, more secure in his independence. He has received comfort and security from the breast, until he is ready to make the step himself to stop. And when he makes that step himself, he knows he has achieved something, he knows he has moved ahead. It is a milestone in his life. Often we push children to become "independent" too quickly. To sleep alone too soon, to wean from the breast too soon, to do without their parents too soon, to do everything too soon. Don't push and the child will become independent soon enough. What's the rush? Soon they will be leaving home. You want them to leave home at 14? If a need is met, it goes away. If a need is unmet (such as the need to breastfeed and be close to mom), it remains a need well into the childhood/teenaged time. Of course, breastfeeding can, in some situations, be used to foster an overdependent relationship. But so can food and toilet training. The problem is not the breastfeeding. This is another issue. What else? Possibly the most important aspect of nursing a toddler is not the nutritional or immunologic benefits, important as they are. I believe the most important aspect of nursing a toddler is the special relationship between child and mother. Breastfeeding is a life-affirming act of love. This continues when the baby becomes a toddler. Anyone without prejudices, who has ever observed an older baby or toddler nursing can testify that there is something almost magical, something special, something far beyond food going on. A toddler will sometimes spontaneously, for no obvious reason, break into laughter while he is nursing. His delight in the breast goes far beyond a source of food. And if the mother allows herself, breastfeeding becomes a source of delight for her as well, far beyond the pleasure of providing food. Of course, it's not always great, but what is? But when it is, it makes it all so worthwhile. And if the child does become ill or does get hurt (and they do as they meet other children and become more daring), what easier way to comfort the child than breastfeeding? I remember nights in the emergency department when mothers would walk their ill, non-nursing babies or toddlers up and down the halls trying, often unsuccessfully, to console them, while the nursing mothers were sitting quietly with their comforted, if not necessarily happy, babies at the breast. The mother comforts the sick child with breastfeeding, and the child comforts the mother by breastfeeding. Questions? see my book Dr. Jack Newman's Guide to Breastfeeding (called The Ultimate Breastfeeding Book of Answers in the USA) Handout #21. Toddler nursing. January 2003 Written by Jack Newman, MD, FRCPC. © 2003 This handout may be copied and distributed without further permission, on the condition that it is not used in any context in which the WHO code on the marketing of breastmilk substitutes is violated ---------------------------- Resiko pemberian MPASI terlalu dini (Dirangkum & ditulis bebas oleh Luluk Lely Soraya I, 26 March 2005) Banyak sekali pertanyaan dan kritik yang timbul mengenai pemberian MPASI di usia < 6 bl. Bahkan banyak dari kita tidak pernah tahu mengapa WHO & IDAI mengeluarkan statement bahwa ASI eksklusif (ASI saja tanpa tambahan apapun bahkan air putih sekalipun) diberikan pada 6 bl pertama kehidupan seorg anak. Kemudian setelah umur 6 bulan anak baru mulai mendapatkan MPASI berupa bubur susu, nasi tim, buah, dsb. Alasan menunda pemberian MPASI Mengapa harus menunda memberikan MPASI pada anak sampai ia berumur 6 bl ?! Kalo jaman dulu (baca : sebelum diberlakukan ASI eksklusif 6 bl) umur 4 bl aja dikasih makan bahkan ada yg umur 1 bl. Dan banyak yang berpendapat gak ada masalah apa-apa tuh dg anaknya. Satu hal yg perlu diketahui bersama bahwa jaman terus berubah. Demikian juga dengan ilmu & teknologi. Ilmu medis juga terus berkembang dan berubah berdasarkan riset2 yg terus dilakukan oleh para peneliti. Sekitar lebih dari 5th yg lalu, MPASI disarankan diperkenalkan pada anak saat ia berusia 4 bl. Tetapi kemudian beberapa penelitian tahun2 terakhir menghasilkan banyak hal sehingga MPASI sebaiknya diberikan >6bl. Mengapa umur 6 bl adalah saat terbaik anak mulai diberikan MPASI ?! 1. Pemberian makan setelah bayi berumur 6 bulan memberikan perlindungan besar dari berbagai penyakit. Hal ini disebabkan sistem imun bayi < 6 bl belum sempurna. Pemberian MPASI dini sama saja dg membuka pintu gerbang masuknay berbagai jenis kuman. Belum lagi jika tidak disajikan higienis. Hasil riset terakhir dari peneliti di Indonesia menunjukkan bahwa bayi yg mendapatkan MPASI sebelum ia berumur 6 bl, lebih banyak terserang diare, sembelit, batuk-pilek, dan panas dibandingkan bayi yg hanya mendapatkan ASI eksklusif. Belum lagi penelitian dari badan kesehatan dunia lainnya. 2. Saat bayi berumur 6 bl keatas, sistem pencernaannya sudah relatif sempurna dan siap menerima MPASI. Beberapa enzim pemecah protein spt asam lambung, pepsin, lipase, enzim amilase, dsb baru akan diproduksi sempurna pada saat ia berumur 6 bl. 3. Mengurangi resiko terkena alergi akibat pada makanan Saat bayi berumur < 6 bl, sel2 di sekitar usus belum siap utk kandungan dari makanan. Sehingga makanan yg masuk dapat menyebabkan reaksi imun dan terjadi alergi. 4. Menunda pemberian MPASI hingga 6 bl melindungi bayi dari obesitas di kemudian hari. Proses pemecahan sari2 makanan yg belum sempurna. Pada beberapa kasus yg ekstrem ada juga yg perlu tindakan bedah akibat pemberian MPASi terlalu dini. Dan banyak sekali alasan lainnya mengapa MPASI baru boleh diperkenalkan pada anak setelah ia berumur 6 bl. Masih banyak yg mengenalkan MPASI < 6 bl Kalo begitu kenapa masih banyak orangtua yg telah memberikan MPASI ke anaknya sebelum berumur 6 bl ? Banyak sekali alasan kenapa ortu memberikan MPASI < 6 bl. Umumnya banyak ibu yg beranggapan kalo anaknya kelaparan dan akan tidur nyenyak jika diberi makan. Meski gak ada relevansinya banyak yg beranggapan ini benar. Kenapa ? Karena belum sempurna, sistem pencernaannya harus bekerja lebih keras utk mengolah & memecah makanan. Kadang anak yg menangis terus dianggap sbg anak gak kenyang. Padahal menangis bukan semata2 tanda ia lapar. Belum lagi masih banyak anggapan di masyarakat kita spt ortu terdahulu bahwa anak saya gak papa tuh dikasih makan pisang pas kita umur 2 bl. Malah sekrg jadi orang. Alasan lainnya juga bisa jadi juga tekanan dari lingkungan dan gak ada dukungan spt alasan di atas. Dan gencarnya promosi produsen makanan bayi yg belum mengindahkan ASI eksklusif 6 bl. Aturan MPASI setelah 6 bulan : Karena < 6 bl mengandung resiko Sekali lagi tidak mungkin ada saran dari WHO & IDAI jika tidak dilakukan penelitian panjang. Lagipula tiap anak itu beda. Bisa jadi gak jadi masalah utk kita tapi belum tentu utk yg lain. Misalkan, ilustrasinya sama spt aturan cuci tangan sebelum makan. Ada anak yg dia tidak terbiasa cuci tangan sebelum makan. Padahal ia baru bermain2 dengan tanah dsb. Tapi ia tidak apa2. Sedangkan satu waktu atau di anak yg lain, begitu ia melakukan hal tsb ia langsung mengalami gangguan pencernaan karena kotoran yg masuk ke makanan melalui tangannya. Demikian juga dengan pemberian MPASI pada anak terlalu dini. Banyak yang merasa ”anak saya gak masalah tuh saya kasih makan dari umur 3 bulan”. Sehingga hal tsb menjadi ”excuse” atau alasan utk tidak mengikuti aturan yg berlaku. Padahal aturan tsb dibuat karena ada resiko sendiri. Lagipula penelitan ttg hal ini terus berlanjut. Saat ini mungkin pengetahuan dan hasil riset yg ada masih terbatas dan ”kurang” bagi beberapa kalangan. Tapi di kemudian hari kita tidak tahu. Ilmu terus berkembang. Dan satu hal yg penting. Aturan agar menunda memberikan MPASi pada anak < 6 bulan bukan hanya berlaku utk bayi yg mendapatkan ASI eksklusif. Tetapi juga bagi bayi yg tidak mendapatkan ASI (susu formula atau mixed). Semuanya akan kembali kepada ayah & ibu. Jika kita tahu ada resiko dibalik pemberian MPASI < 6 bl, maka mengapa tidak kita menundanya. Apalagi banyak sekali penelitian & kasus yang mendukung hal tsb. Apapun keputusan ibu & ayah, apakah mau memberikan MPASi < 6 bl ataupun > 6bl, alangkah baiknya dipertimbangkan dg baik untung ruginya bagi anak, bukan bagi orang tuanya. Sehingga keputusan yg diambil adalah yg terbaik utk sang anak. Sumber : • Solid Food in Early Infancy increases risk of Eczema, from original source : Fergusson DM et al Early solid feeding and recurrent childhood eczema: a 10-year longitudinal study Pediatrics 1990 Oct; 86:541-546.[Medline abstract][Download citation] • World Health Organization (WHO). Infant Feeding Guidelines. 2003. Information for Health Professionals on Infant Feeding. www.who.int/health_topics/breastfeeding/en/ • World Health Organization (WHO). 2003. Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding. www.who.int • World Health Organization (WHO). Complementary feeding. Report of the global consultation. Summary of guiding principles. Geneva, 10-13 December 2001. www.who.int • Artikel : Why Delay Solids? http://www.kellymom.com/nutrition/solids/delay-solids.html • The introduction of solids in relation to asthma and eczema. A Zutavern, E von Mutius, J Harris, P Mills, S Moffatt, C White and P Cullinan. http://adc.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/abstract/89/4/303 • AAP. 1990. Early solid feeding and recurrent childhood eczema: a 10-year longitudinal study. DM Fergusson, LJ Horwood and FT Shannon. http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/abstract/86/4/541 • NCBI. Protective nutrients and bacterial colonization in the immature human gut. Dai D, Walker WA. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10645469&dopt=Abstract • Relation between early introduction of solid food to infants and their weight and illnesses during the first two years of life. Forsyth JS, Ogston SA, Clark A, Florey CD, Howie PW. Dept of Child Health, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee. • Artikel : Stop MPASI terlalu dini. 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