export	IFS=$'\n';

# 1st flaw

touch	./testfile; cat	./testfile;

# 2nd flaw

#cat	./testfile > ./testfile;

# time accessed and time modified

export	FILETA=$(stat -c "%x" ./testfile);
export	FILETM=$(stat -c "%y" ./testfile);

echo	"ACCESSED: ${FILETA}";
echo	"MODIFIED: ${FILETM}";

echo;

# inaccurate conditional statement

if	[ ! -N ./testfile ];		then	echo "ACCESSED (depreciated -N)";	fi;
if	[   -N ./testfile ];		then	echo "MODIFIED (depreciated -N)";	fi;

# replaced by

if	[ ${FILETA} \> ${FILETM} ];	then	echo "ACCESSED";			fi;	# touch -a / cat
if	[ ${FILETA} \< ${FILETM} ];	then	echo "MODIFIED";			fi;	# touch -m / redirected output unless sourcefile and destination file are the same, e.g. cat ./testfile > ./testfile
if	[ ${FILETA} == ${FILETM} ];	then	echo "MODIFIED";			fi;	# touch / vi

echo;