Hi, Thanks. But minimizing
> 'sum(w*e^2)'"
means w is the variance instead of the standard deviation. However, the
truth is that R takes standard deviation. R will square it!
R-help document is not that to be proud of. It is not very clear or helpful
sometimes.
----- Original Message -----
From: "Deepayan Sarkar" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Cc: "Sun" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>; "Andrew Ward" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Sent: Sunday, October 17, 2004 12:04 AM
Subject: Re: [R] how to draw a multivariate function
> On Saturday 16 October 2004 23:12, Sun wrote:
> > Hi, All:
> >
> > Thanks. Here is the code
> >
> > n = 30
> > lamdaa = 4
> > lamdab = 1.5
> >
> > pa = lamdaa/n
> > pb = lamdab/n
> >
> > x <- seq(0, n/2, len = n/2+1)
> > y <- seq(0, n/2, len = n/2+1)
>
> Have you looked at what values of x and y these produce? They include
> non-integer values. Are you sure you want that?
>
> > f = factorial(n)/ (factorial(x) * factorial(y) * factorial (n-x-y))*
> > pa^x * pb^y * ((1-pa-pb)^(n-x-y))
> > wireframe(f ~ x * y, shade = TRUE)
> >
> > The above cannot show anything.
> > Just le t you know that now I changed to cloud, it can display
> > something :) cloud(f ~ x * y, shade = TRUE)
> >
> > I have questions:
> >
> > 1.
> > what does x*y mean here? I don't think it is a vector dot
> > multiplication. I guess it will creat all rows of x and y for all
> > possible combinations? Why wireframe cannot show here?
>
> Why guess instead of reading the documentation and looking at the
> examples? There's a very relevant example in the help page for
> wireframe.
>
> You clearly want to evaluate 'f' at all combinations of x and y, yet you
> seem to be evaluating it only along the diagonal (x = y). The correct
> way to do this is (as studying the examples should have suggested to
> you):
>
> g <- expand.grid(x = seq(0, n), y = seq(0, n))
> g$z <- dtrinom(g$x, g$y)
> wireframe(z ~ x * y, data = g, shade = TRUE)
>
> where dtrinom could be defined as
>
> dtrinom <- function(x, y)
> {
> ifelse(x + y > n,
> NA,
> factorial(n)/ (factorial(x) *
> factorial(y) * factorial (n-x-y))*
> pa^x * pb^y * ((1-pa-pb)^(n-x-y)))
> }
>
> although I would suggest working on the log scale for numerical
> stability:
>
> dtrinom <- function(x, y)
> {
> ifelse(x + y > n,
> NA,
> exp((lfactorial(n) - lfactorial(x) -
> lfactorial(y) - lfactorial(n-x-y)) +
> x * log(pa) + y * log(pb) +
> (n-x-y) * log(1-pa-pb)))
> }
>
>
> > 2.
> > How to show the value on the cloud plot? I have no idea of how much
> > the data value is from the plot.
>
> Read the documentation for the 'scales' argument.
>
> > 3. Where can I get resources of R? The help file seems not very
> > helpful to me. For example, the lm () function, its weighted least
> > square option does not say clearly the weight = standard deviation.
> > It said it is to minimize sum w*error^2, which mislead us to think it
> > takes variance. I have to ask experienced people. And everytime the
> > answer depends on luck.
>
> It's too bad you feel that way. Statistics, and in particular linear
> modeling, is a non-trivial subject, and R documentation is not supposed
> to serve as a textbook. If you don't understand what "minimizing
> 'sum(w*e^2)'" means, you really do need help from 'experienced people'.
> Alternatively, look at the references listed in the help page for lm.
>
> Hope that helps,
>
> Deepayan
>
>
> >
> > Thanks,
> >
> > ----- Original Message -----
> > From: "Andrew Ward" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> > To: "Sun" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> > Sent: Saturday, October 16, 2004 10:15 PM
> > Subject: RE: [R] how to draw a multivariate function
> >
> > > Dear Sun,
> > >
> > > Could you please provide an example that can be run
> > > by readers of the list? What you've given is
> > > missing at least n and pa.
>
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