Re: IBM 1401
Another paper tape story, actually more like a tale... When the motor burned
out on a paper tape reader in a third-story lab, they just moved the reader
near an open window, attached a weight to the paper tape loaded in the reade r,
and dropped the weight out the window. The tape shot out the window and
was read without a problem. Is this possible?
A 1401 story, also perhaps a tale... This was told about an actual 1401. Every
so often the core (yes, real core) memory would be inexplicably wiped.
It couldn't be traced to a particular running program. The CEs duly examined
everything, did whatever diagnostics they did on 1401s, but came up with the
nothing. The problem continued occurring unpredictably and irreproducibly
until one afternoon a CE was in sixth-floor machine room looking in an
open door of the 1401 when he witnessed it happen. He happened to look over his
shoulder, out one of the floor-to-ceiling windows surrounding two sides of the
data center, and spied a girder attached to a large electromagnet skimming past
the window being pulled up by a construction crane from the building being
built next door. It turned out that was the culprit. Is this possible? (I once
heard that the way to protect a magnetic tape from being accidentally wiped by
a magnet was to pack it surrounded by a foot of packing material.)
A tape drive story, thrown in for free... A photographer had been brought into
the insurance company's large data center to take pictures of it to show off
it in the company's house organ (does anyone besides me use that term
anymore?). He attached his large flash unit to his camera and took what he
assumed would a series of photos. When his flash fired that first time every
running tape drive in its direction sensed end of tape and rewound. When the
operators realized what had happened, he was swiftly led out of the data
center. No photographer was ever allowed in again.
Fred Ballard
Ex-1401, 1410, 360, and 370 programmer
- Original Message -
From: "Mike Walter"
To: IBMVM @ LISTSERV . UARK . EDU
Sent: Friday, May 29, 2009 12:35:19 PM GMT -06:00 US/Canada Central
Subject: Re: IBM 1401
Paper tape is immune from magnetic interference (of course, back then
there was no public documentation of EMF weapons, right?).
Another paper tape story... when I was in the US Marines (1971-1977)
working in the Tactical Air Command Center at MCAS Cherry Point, North
Carolina one summer, an important computer kept failing at random
intervals. That computer translated radar "screen paints" (bright blobs)
into symbols that we could interpret on large displays (i.e. different
symbols for different aircraft; and different symbols between friendlies
and bogies ).
When examined after each failure, the core (yes, real core) memory was
always wiped clean. That computer (and its tech) was housed in a metal
box ( IIRC , about 6'x10', 8' high) which was transportable on the back of a
2 1/2 ton ("6-by") truck, or by helicopter> It was located about 15 feet
from another similar box with all the radar gear inside, and large radar
dish on the top. After a few days of random core wipes, someone noticed
that the core wipe only happened when the door to the computer hut was
momentarily opened as the radar dish swept past. While aimed much higher,
there was enough residual power from the dish to wipe the computer's core
memory clean. Memory was reloaded (back on track now) from dependable
paper tape.
Someone was stationed outside the computer hut for the rest of that day
until it could be turned around with the door faced AWAY from the radar
dish sweep.
Mike Walter
Hewitt Associates
Any opinions expressed herein are mine alone and do not necessarily
represent the opinions or policies of Hewitt Associates.
USMCR Sergeant, 1971-1977
" Huegel , Thomas" < THuegel @ Kable .com>
Sent by: "The IBM z/ VM Operating System" < IBMVM @ LISTSERV . UARK . EDU >
05/29/2009 11:49 AM
Please respond to
"The IBM z/ VM Operating System" < IBMVM @ LISTSERV . UARK . EDU >
To
IBMVM @ LISTSERV . UARK . EDU
cc
Subject
Re: IBM 1401
Trivia.. Recently I went to the Titan-II ICBM silo (now a museum) just
outside Tucson, AZ ..
Interesting fact, they loaded the program for the nucleaur tipped
ballistic missiles guidence system from a paper tape..
-Original Message-
From: The IBM z/ VM Operating System [ mailto : IBMVM @ LISTSERV . UARK . EDU ]
On
Behalf Of Jim Bohnsack
Sent: Friday, May 29, 2009 10:40 AM
To: IBMVM @ LISTSERV . UARK . EDU
Subject: Re: IBM 1401
No, the IBM 2671 paper tape device was a reader only. The paper tape
punches were from older systems. I guess paper tape got punched on
teletype machines in S/360 days. I had a customer with a 2671.
I started keeping IBM sales manual pages
Re: IBM 1401
To paraphrase 1988 United States vice-presidential candidate Senator Lloyd Bentsen to Republican vice-presidential candidate Senator Dan Quayle: Marcy, I serve with Dan Martin (on the SHARE LVM TSC): I know Dan Martin; Dan Martin is friend of mine. Marcy, you're no Dan Martin. Surely, he may have a similar slim, girlish figure to make the confusion easier (strike that, he has NO girlish figure!!) -- surely he's just as nice, but you're no Dan! And don't call him Shirley! ;-) But you are right on-topic about being off-topic. (I just could NOT pass up this opportunity at a little levity on a Friday afternoon). Mike Walter Hewitt Associates Any opinions expressed herein are mine alone and do not necessarily represent the opinions or policies of Hewitt Associates. "Marcy Cortes" Sent by: "The IBM z/VM Operating System" 05/29/2009 02:06 PM Please respond to "The IBM z/VM Operating System" To IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU cc Subject Re: IBM 1401 I'll be Dan for a minute. Way off topic Let's get back to z/VM :) "This message may contain confidential and/or privileged information. If you are not the addressee or authorized to receive this for the addressee, you must not use, copy, disclose, or take any action based on this message or any information herein. If you have received this message in error, please advise the sender immediately by reply e-mail and delete this message. Thank you for your cooperation." The information contained in this e-mail and any accompanying documents may contain information that is confidential or otherwise protected from disclosure. If you are not the intended recipient of this message, or if this message has been addressed to you in error, please immediately alert the sender by reply e-mail and then delete this message, including any attachments. Any dissemination, distribution or other use of the contents of this message by anyone other than the intended recipient is strictly prohibited. All messages sent to and from this e-mail address may be monitored as permitted by applicable law and regulations to ensure compliance with our internal policies and to protect our business. E-mails are not secure and cannot be guaranteed to be error free as they can be intercepted, amended, lost or destroyed, or contain viruses. You are deemed to have accepted these risks if you communicate with us by e-mail.
Re: IBM 1401
I'll be Dan for a minute. Way off topic Let's get back to z/VM :) "This message may contain confidential and/or privileged information. If you are not the addressee or authorized to receive this for the addressee, you must not use, copy, disclose, or take any action based on this message or any information herein. If you have received this message in error, please advise the sender immediately by reply e-mail and delete this message. Thank you for your cooperation."
Re: IBM 1401
I to worked for a bank back in the early '70s and I remember a story about a
neighboring bank that produced paper tapes for something .. anyway as the story
goes they made 'backups' of the tapes by running them through a microfiche
machine ... I guess it would work, but repunching a tape from a fiche slide
seems rather tedious to me.
-Original Message-
From: The IBM z/VM Operating System [mailto:ib...@listserv.uark.edu] On Behalf
Of william JANULIN
Sent: Friday, May 29, 2009 1:36 PM
To: IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU
Subject: Re: IBM 1401
When I worked at a bank, we had Ollivetti teller terminals that punched paper
tape transactions as well as them being entered into the system. If the
computer systems were down, the tellers could still record transactions on to
the paper tape. When the systems came back up, they had a paper tape reader
that they could feed the paper tape into (I don't remember the model number) to
enter that transactions.
--- On Fri, 5/29/09, Mike Walter wrote:
> From: Mike Walter
> Subject: Re: IBM 1401
> To: IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU
> Date: Friday, May 29, 2009, 1:35 PM
> Paper tape is immune from magnetic
> interference (of course, back then
> there was no public documentation of EMF weapons, right?).
>
> Another paper tape story... when I was in the US Marines
> (1971-1977)
> working in the Tactical Air Command Center at MCAS Cherry Point, North
> Carolina one summer, an important computer kept failing at random
> intervals. That computer translated radar "screen paints" (bright
> blobs) into symbols that we could interpret on large displays (i.e.
> different symbols for different aircraft; and different symbols
> between friendlies and bogies).
>
> When examined after each failure, the core (yes, real core) memory was
> always wiped clean. That computer (and its tech) was housed in a
> metal box (IIRC, about 6'x10', 8' high) which was transportable on the
> back of a
> 2 1/2 ton ("6-by") truck, or by helicopter> It was located about 15
> feet from another similar box with all the radar gear inside, and
> large radar dish on the top. After a few days of random core wipes,
> someone noticed that the core wipe only happened when the door to the
> computer hut was momentarily opened as the radar dish swept past.
> While aimed much higher,
> there was enough residual power from the dish to wipe the computer's
> core memory clean. Memory was reloaded (back on track now) from
> dependable paper tape.
>
> Someone was stationed outside the computer hut for the rest of that
> day until it could be turned around with the door faced AWAY from the
> radar dish sweep.
>
> Mike Walter
> Hewitt Associates
> Any opinions expressed herein are mine alone and do not necessarily
> represent the opinions or policies of Hewitt Associates.
> USMCR Sergeant, 1971-1977
>
>
>
>
> "Huegel, Thomas"
>
>
> Sent by: "The IBM z/VM Operating System"
> 05/29/2009 11:49 AM
> Please respond to
> "The IBM z/VM Operating System"
>
>
>
> To
> IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU
> cc
>
> Subject
> Re: IBM 1401
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Trivia.. Recently I went to the Titan-II ICBM silo (now a
> museum) just
> outside Tucson, AZ ..
> Interesting fact, they loaded the program for the nucleaur tipped
> ballistic missiles guidence system from a paper tape..
>
> -Original Message-
> From: The IBM z/VM Operating System [mailto:ib...@listserv.uark.edu]
> On Behalf Of Jim Bohnsack
> Sent: Friday, May 29, 2009 10:40 AM
> To: IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU
> Subject: Re: IBM 1401
>
> No, the IBM 2671 paper tape device was a reader only. The paper tape
> punches were from older systems. I guess paper tape got punched on
> teletype machines in S/360 days. I had a customer with a 2671.
>
> I started keeping IBM sales manual pages that were "discard this page"
> when updates came out in about the 1970 time frame. I realized that I
> was throwing out history, so I kept some that I thought were
> important.
>
> Also I hung on to old IBM Blue Letters as product announcements were
> called. When I moved last summer, I shipped about a 6" tall stack of
> them to the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, CA.
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_History_Museum
>
> Jim
>
>
>
> Mike Walter wrote:
> > And just this morning I had been wondering about those
> who have
> > contributed to this thread, wondering how they could
> remember so much
> > detail (even if some memory had a few parity
> checks). Thus, how much
> > truly important personal info
Re: IBM 1401
You couldn't fee the paper tape in backwards, the sprocket holes wouldn't line
up. However, you could feed the tape in backwards if it was also up side down.
Now that really took someone with some "smarts" to do.
I still have my Teletype ASR33 with 8 level reader punch, which included a 44
pound 110 baud modem. Still works. I do have spools of paper tape as well as
a spool or two of mylar tape.
For a few years, back in the early '80s, I used it for communication to TSO.
Then I got a TRS-80 Model 1. I used the Teletype modem, for communication with
the TRS-80. I would download programs to my floppy, edit them, and upload them
to compile. Really wasn't worth it.
Usually took more than a 30 minute TV show to download and upload my PL/1
programs.
Anyway, it made a racket that my apartment neighbors didn't like too much.
In my world, before transmitting something for paper tape use, you used the
"here is" key that would punch out a leader. That was the start of any tape.
I also recall there was some method that punched out arrows (i.e. forward
pointing carrot), that also gave operators a good indication on which way the
tape went in.
Tom Duerbusch
THD Consulting
(RIP Grey Stripe, a great cat and my buddy for, just shy of 19 years)
>>> "Schuh, Richard" 5/29/2009 1:30 PM >>>
If the radar signal was strong enough to wipe the core, I wonder what it did to
the synapses of the person posted to guard the door. In the early '80s, the
state of Missouri bought a fleet of new patrol cars for the highway patrol.
After a few days, many of the officers started complaining about headaches,
Upon investigation, it was determined that all of the officers who had reported
the headaches had been using their radar units extensively. After more
investigation, the problem was solved by moving the radar units so that they
did not point directly at the back of the driver's head.
I wonder if all of these systems that used paper tape were programmed so that
they could properly read the tapes no matter what the orientation - frontwards
or backwards, right side up or wrong side up. Some of the early readers could
read the tape regardless of the orientation; however, the data would look very
odd if the orientation were wrong. It is scary to think what would happen to an
ICBM's targeting if the tape was not fed in correctly. I hope there was
something done to prevent that type of problem.
Regards,
Richard Schuh
> -Original Message-
> From: The IBM z/VM Operating System
> [mailto:ib...@listserv.uark.edu] On Behalf Of Mike Walter
> Sent: Friday, May 29, 2009 10:35 AM
> To: IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU
> Subject: Re: IBM 1401
>
> Paper tape is immune from magnetic interference (of course,
> back then there was no public documentation of EMF weapons, right?).
>
> Another paper tape story... when I was in the US Marines
> (1971-1977) working in the Tactical Air Command Center at
> MCAS Cherry Point, North Carolina one summer, an important
> computer kept failing at random intervals. That computer
> translated radar "screen paints" (bright blobs) into symbols
> that we could interpret on large displays (i.e. different
> symbols for different aircraft; and different symbols between
> friendlies and bogies).
>
> When examined after each failure, the core (yes, real core)
> memory was always wiped clean. That computer (and its tech)
> was housed in a metal box (IIRC, about 6'x10', 8' high) which
> was transportable on the back of a
> 2 1/2 ton ("6-by") truck, or by helicopter> It was located
> about 15 feet from another similar box with all the radar
> gear inside, and large radar dish on the top. After a few
> days of random core wipes, someone noticed that the core wipe
> only happened when the door to the computer hut was
> momentarily opened as the radar dish swept past. While aimed
> much higher, there was enough residual power from the dish to
> wipe the computer's core memory clean. Memory was reloaded
> (back on track now) from dependable paper tape.
>
> Someone was stationed outside the computer hut for the rest
> of that day until it could be turned around with the door
> faced AWAY from the radar dish sweep.
>
> Mike Walter
> Hewitt Associates
> Any opinions expressed herein are mine alone and do not
> necessarily represent the opinions or policies of Hewitt Associates.
> USMCR Sergeant, 1971-1977
>
>
>
>
> "Huegel, Thomas"
>
> Sent by: "The IBM z/VM Operating System"
> 05/29/2009 11:49 AM
> Please respond to
> "The IBM z/VM Operating System"
>
>
>
> To
> IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU
> cc
>
> Subject
Re: IBM 1401
In the 1970's, a friend of mine's dad worked at NARF (Naval Air Rework Facility) Alameda. They made system backups on paper tape, because it was immune to EMP effects. Dennis O'Brien "A good plan, violently executed now, is better than a perfect plan next week.." -- General George S. Patton -Original Message- From: The IBM z/VM Operating System [mailto:ib...@listserv.uark.edu] On Behalf Of Huegel, Thomas Sent: Friday, May 29, 2009 09:49 To: IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU Subject: Re: [IBMVM] IBM 1401 Trivia.. Recently I went to the Titan-II ICBM silo (now a museum) just outside Tucson, AZ .. Interesting fact, they loaded the program for the nucleaur tipped ballistic missiles guidence system from a paper tape.. -Original Message- From: The IBM z/VM Operating System [mailto:ib...@listserv.uark.edu] On Behalf Of Jim Bohnsack Sent: Friday, May 29, 2009 10:40 AM To: IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU Subject: Re: IBM 1401 No, the IBM 2671 paper tape device was a reader only. The paper tape punches were from older systems. I guess paper tape got punched on teletype machines in S/360 days. I had a customer with a 2671. I started keeping IBM sales manual pages that were "discard this page" when updates came out in about the 1970 time frame. I realized that I was throwing out history, so I kept some that I thought were important. Also I hung on to old IBM Blue Letters as product announcements were called. When I moved last summer, I shipped about a 6" tall stack of them to the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, CA. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_History_Museum Jim Mike Walter wrote: > And just this morning I had been wondering about those who have > contributed to this thread, wondering how they could remember so much > detail (even if some memory had a few parity checks). Thus, how much > truly important personal information had been paged out of their real > memory (perhaps to paper tape?), being forever lost to permit these > technical details to remain? :-) > > Obviously, over the years Lynn has kept more records than a radio > station > (oops: wrong media -- and now: wrong era). > > Mike Walter > Hewitt Associates > Any opinions expressed herein are mine alone and do not necessarily > represent the opinions or policies of Hewitt Associates. > > -- Jim Bohnsack Cornell University (972) 596-6377 home/office (972) 342-5823 cell jab...@cornell.edu
Re: IBM 1401
When I worked at a bank, we had Ollivetti teller terminals that punched paper
tape transactions as well as them being entered into the system. If the
computer systems were down, the tellers could still record transactions on to
the paper tape. When the systems came back up, they had a paper tape reader
that they could feed the paper tape into (I don't remember the model number) to
enter that transactions.
--- On Fri, 5/29/09, Mike Walter wrote:
> From: Mike Walter
> Subject: Re: IBM 1401
> To: IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU
> Date: Friday, May 29, 2009, 1:35 PM
> Paper tape is immune from magnetic
> interference (of course, back then
> there was no public documentation of EMF weapons, right?).
>
> Another paper tape story... when I was in the US Marines
> (1971-1977)
> working in the Tactical Air Command Center at MCAS Cherry
> Point, North
> Carolina one summer, an important computer kept failing at
> random
> intervals. That computer translated radar "screen
> paints" (bright blobs)
> into symbols that we could interpret on large displays
> (i.e. different
> symbols for different aircraft; and different symbols
> between friendlies
> and bogies).
>
> When examined after each failure, the core (yes, real core)
> memory was
> always wiped clean. That computer (and its tech) was
> housed in a metal
> box (IIRC, about 6'x10', 8' high) which was transportable
> on the back of a
> 2 1/2 ton ("6-by") truck, or by helicopter> It was
> located about 15 feet
> from another similar box with all the radar gear inside,
> and large radar
> dish on the top. After a few days of random core
> wipes, someone noticed
> that the core wipe only happened when the door to the
> computer hut was
> momentarily opened as the radar dish swept past.
> While aimed much higher,
> there was enough residual power from the dish to wipe the
> computer's core
> memory clean. Memory was reloaded (back on track now)
> from dependable
> paper tape.
>
> Someone was stationed outside the computer hut for the rest
> of that day
> until it could be turned around with the door faced AWAY
> from the radar
> dish sweep.
>
> Mike Walter
> Hewitt Associates
> Any opinions expressed herein are mine alone and do not
> necessarily
> represent the opinions or policies of Hewitt Associates.
> USMCR Sergeant, 1971-1977
>
>
>
>
> "Huegel, Thomas"
>
>
> Sent by: "The IBM z/VM Operating System"
> 05/29/2009 11:49 AM
> Please respond to
> "The IBM z/VM Operating System"
>
>
>
> To
> IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU
> cc
>
> Subject
> Re: IBM 1401
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Trivia.. Recently I went to the Titan-II ICBM silo (now a
> museum) just
> outside Tucson, AZ ..
> Interesting fact, they loaded the program for the nucleaur
> tipped
> ballistic missiles guidence system from a paper tape..
>
> -Original Message-
> From: The IBM z/VM Operating System [mailto:ib...@listserv.uark.edu]
> On
> Behalf Of Jim Bohnsack
> Sent: Friday, May 29, 2009 10:40 AM
> To: IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU
> Subject: Re: IBM 1401
>
> No, the IBM 2671 paper tape device was a reader only.
> The paper tape
> punches were from older systems. I guess paper tape
> got punched on
> teletype machines in S/360 days. I had a customer
> with a 2671.
>
> I started keeping IBM sales manual pages that were "discard
> this page"
> when updates came out in about the 1970 time frame. I
> realized that I
> was throwing out history, so I kept some that I thought
> were important.
>
> Also I hung on to old IBM Blue Letters as product
> announcements were
> called. When I moved last summer, I shipped about a
> 6" tall stack of
> them to the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, CA.
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_History_Museum
>
> Jim
>
>
>
> Mike Walter wrote:
> > And just this morning I had been wondering about those
> who have
> > contributed to this thread, wondering how they could
> remember so much
> > detail (even if some memory had a few parity
> checks). Thus, how much
> > truly important personal information had been paged
> out of their real
> > memory (perhaps to paper tape?), being forever lost to
> permit these
> > technical details to remain? :-)
> >
> > Obviously, over the years Lynn has kept more records
> than a radio
> > station
> > (oops: wrong media -- and now: wrong era).
> >
> > Mike Walter
> > Hewitt Associates
> > Any opinions expressed herein are mi
Re: IBM 1401
If the radar signal was strong enough to wipe the core, I wonder what it did to
the synapses of the person posted to guard the door. In the early '80s, the
state of Missouri bought a fleet of new patrol cars for the highway patrol.
After a few days, many of the officers started complaining about headaches,
Upon investigation, it was determined that all of the officers who had reported
the headaches had been using their radar units extensively. After more
investigation, the problem was solved by moving the radar units so that they
did not point directly at the back of the driver's head.
I wonder if all of these systems that used paper tape were programmed so that
they could properly read the tapes no matter what the orientation - frontwards
or backwards, right side up or wrong side up. Some of the early readers could
read the tape regardless of the orientation; however, the data would look very
odd if the orientation were wrong. It is scary to think what would happen to an
ICBM's targeting if the tape was not fed in correctly. I hope there was
something done to prevent that type of problem.
Regards,
Richard Schuh
> -Original Message-
> From: The IBM z/VM Operating System
> [mailto:ib...@listserv.uark.edu] On Behalf Of Mike Walter
> Sent: Friday, May 29, 2009 10:35 AM
> To: IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU
> Subject: Re: IBM 1401
>
> Paper tape is immune from magnetic interference (of course,
> back then there was no public documentation of EMF weapons, right?).
>
> Another paper tape story... when I was in the US Marines
> (1971-1977) working in the Tactical Air Command Center at
> MCAS Cherry Point, North Carolina one summer, an important
> computer kept failing at random intervals. That computer
> translated radar "screen paints" (bright blobs) into symbols
> that we could interpret on large displays (i.e. different
> symbols for different aircraft; and different symbols between
> friendlies and bogies).
>
> When examined after each failure, the core (yes, real core)
> memory was always wiped clean. That computer (and its tech)
> was housed in a metal box (IIRC, about 6'x10', 8' high) which
> was transportable on the back of a
> 2 1/2 ton ("6-by") truck, or by helicopter> It was located
> about 15 feet from another similar box with all the radar
> gear inside, and large radar dish on the top. After a few
> days of random core wipes, someone noticed that the core wipe
> only happened when the door to the computer hut was
> momentarily opened as the radar dish swept past. While aimed
> much higher, there was enough residual power from the dish to
> wipe the computer's core memory clean. Memory was reloaded
> (back on track now) from dependable paper tape.
>
> Someone was stationed outside the computer hut for the rest
> of that day until it could be turned around with the door
> faced AWAY from the radar dish sweep.
>
> Mike Walter
> Hewitt Associates
> Any opinions expressed herein are mine alone and do not
> necessarily represent the opinions or policies of Hewitt Associates.
> USMCR Sergeant, 1971-1977
>
>
>
>
> "Huegel, Thomas"
>
> Sent by: "The IBM z/VM Operating System"
> 05/29/2009 11:49 AM
> Please respond to
> "The IBM z/VM Operating System"
>
>
>
> To
> IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU
> cc
>
> Subject
> Re: IBM 1401
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Trivia.. Recently I went to the Titan-II ICBM silo (now a museum) just
> outside Tucson, AZ ..
> Interesting fact, they loaded the program for the nucleaur tipped
> ballistic missiles guidence system from a paper tape..
>
> -Original Message-
> From: The IBM z/VM Operating System
> [mailto:ib...@listserv.uark.edu] On
> Behalf Of Jim Bohnsack
> Sent: Friday, May 29, 2009 10:40 AM
> To: IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU
> Subject: Re: IBM 1401
>
> No, the IBM 2671 paper tape device was a reader only. The paper tape
> punches were from older systems. I guess paper tape got punched on
> teletype machines in S/360 days. I had a customer with a 2671.
>
> I started keeping IBM sales manual pages that were "discard
> this page"
> when updates came out in about the 1970 time frame. I realized that I
> was throwing out history, so I kept some that I thought were
> important.
>
> Also I hung on to old IBM Blue Letters as product announcements were
> called. When I moved last summer, I shipped about a 6" tall stack of
> them to the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, CA.
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_History_Museum
>
> Jim
>
>
>
> Mike Walter wrote:
> > And just this morning I
Re: IBM 1401
Paper tape is immune from magnetic interference (of course, back then
there was no public documentation of EMF weapons, right?).
Another paper tape story... when I was in the US Marines (1971-1977)
working in the Tactical Air Command Center at MCAS Cherry Point, North
Carolina one summer, an important computer kept failing at random
intervals. That computer translated radar "screen paints" (bright blobs)
into symbols that we could interpret on large displays (i.e. different
symbols for different aircraft; and different symbols between friendlies
and bogies).
When examined after each failure, the core (yes, real core) memory was
always wiped clean. That computer (and its tech) was housed in a metal
box (IIRC, about 6'x10', 8' high) which was transportable on the back of a
2 1/2 ton ("6-by") truck, or by helicopter> It was located about 15 feet
from another similar box with all the radar gear inside, and large radar
dish on the top. After a few days of random core wipes, someone noticed
that the core wipe only happened when the door to the computer hut was
momentarily opened as the radar dish swept past. While aimed much higher,
there was enough residual power from the dish to wipe the computer's core
memory clean. Memory was reloaded (back on track now) from dependable
paper tape.
Someone was stationed outside the computer hut for the rest of that day
until it could be turned around with the door faced AWAY from the radar
dish sweep.
Mike Walter
Hewitt Associates
Any opinions expressed herein are mine alone and do not necessarily
represent the opinions or policies of Hewitt Associates.
USMCR Sergeant, 1971-1977
"Huegel, Thomas"
Sent by: "The IBM z/VM Operating System"
05/29/2009 11:49 AM
Please respond to
"The IBM z/VM Operating System"
To
IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU
cc
Subject
Re: IBM 1401
Trivia.. Recently I went to the Titan-II ICBM silo (now a museum) just
outside Tucson, AZ ..
Interesting fact, they loaded the program for the nucleaur tipped
ballistic missiles guidence system from a paper tape..
-Original Message-
From: The IBM z/VM Operating System [mailto:ib...@listserv.uark.edu] On
Behalf Of Jim Bohnsack
Sent: Friday, May 29, 2009 10:40 AM
To: IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU
Subject: Re: IBM 1401
No, the IBM 2671 paper tape device was a reader only. The paper tape
punches were from older systems. I guess paper tape got punched on
teletype machines in S/360 days. I had a customer with a 2671.
I started keeping IBM sales manual pages that were "discard this page"
when updates came out in about the 1970 time frame. I realized that I
was throwing out history, so I kept some that I thought were important.
Also I hung on to old IBM Blue Letters as product announcements were
called. When I moved last summer, I shipped about a 6" tall stack of
them to the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, CA.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_History_Museum
Jim
Mike Walter wrote:
> And just this morning I had been wondering about those who have
> contributed to this thread, wondering how they could remember so much
> detail (even if some memory had a few parity checks). Thus, how much
> truly important personal information had been paged out of their real
> memory (perhaps to paper tape?), being forever lost to permit these
> technical details to remain? :-)
>
> Obviously, over the years Lynn has kept more records than a radio
> station
> (oops: wrong media -- and now: wrong era).
>
> Mike Walter
> Hewitt Associates
> Any opinions expressed herein are mine alone and do not necessarily
> represent the opinions or policies of Hewitt Associates.
>
>
--
Jim Bohnsack
Cornell University
(972) 596-6377 home/office
(972) 342-5823 cell
jab...@cornell.edu
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Re: IBM 1401
Trivia.. Recently I went to the Titan-II ICBM silo (now a museum) just outside Tucson, AZ .. Interesting fact, they loaded the program for the nucleaur tipped ballistic missiles guidence system from a paper tape.. -Original Message- From: The IBM z/VM Operating System [mailto:ib...@listserv.uark.edu] On Behalf Of Jim Bohnsack Sent: Friday, May 29, 2009 10:40 AM To: IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU Subject: Re: IBM 1401 No, the IBM 2671 paper tape device was a reader only. The paper tape punches were from older systems. I guess paper tape got punched on teletype machines in S/360 days. I had a customer with a 2671. I started keeping IBM sales manual pages that were "discard this page" when updates came out in about the 1970 time frame. I realized that I was throwing out history, so I kept some that I thought were important. Also I hung on to old IBM Blue Letters as product announcements were called. When I moved last summer, I shipped about a 6" tall stack of them to the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, CA. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_History_Museum Jim Mike Walter wrote: > And just this morning I had been wondering about those who have > contributed to this thread, wondering how they could remember so much > detail (even if some memory had a few parity checks). Thus, how much > truly important personal information had been paged out of their real > memory (perhaps to paper tape?), being forever lost to permit these > technical details to remain? :-) > > Obviously, over the years Lynn has kept more records than a radio > station > (oops: wrong media -- and now: wrong era). > > Mike Walter > Hewitt Associates > Any opinions expressed herein are mine alone and do not necessarily > represent the opinions or policies of Hewitt Associates. > > -- Jim Bohnsack Cornell University (972) 596-6377 home/office (972) 342-5823 cell jab...@cornell.edu
Re: IBM 1401
I can remember as a consode operator running a 360/30 in 1401 compatibility mode (dialing in the card reader address and loading in the 'CID' deck). I can also remember settubg the 'F' switch to signal the last reel of tape being read in on a 2401 tape drive. We also ran that machine in normal '360' mode, IPLing DOS off the 190 disk. --- On Fri, 5/29/09, Jim Bohnsack wrote: > From: Jim Bohnsack > Subject: Re: IBM 1401 > To: IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU > Date: Friday, May 29, 2009, 11:39 AM > No, the IBM 2671 paper tape device > was a reader only. The paper tape punches were from > older systems. I guess paper tape got punched on > teletype machines in S/360 days. I had a customer with > a 2671. > I started keeping IBM sales manual pages that were "discard > this page" when updates came out in about the 1970 time > frame. I realized that I was throwing out history, so > I kept some that I thought were important. Also I hung > on to old IBM Blue Letters as product announcements were > called. When I moved last summer, I shipped about a 6" > tall stack of them to the Computer History Museum in > Mountain View, CA. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_History_Museum > > Jim > > > > Mike Walter wrote: > > And just this morning I had been wondering about those > who have contributed to this thread, wondering how they > could remember so much detail (even if some memory had a few > parity checks). Thus, how much truly important > personal information had been paged out of their real memory > (perhaps to paper tape?), being forever lost to permit these > technical details to remain? :-) > > Obviously, over the years Lynn has kept more records > than a radio station (oops: wrong media -- and now: wrong > era). > > > > Mike Walter > > Hewitt Associates > > Any opinions expressed herein are mine alone and do > not necessarily represent the opinions or policies of Hewitt > Associates. > > > > > > -- Jim Bohnsack > Cornell University > (972) 596-6377 home/office > (972) 342-5823 cell > jab...@cornell.edu >
Re: IBM 1401
No, the IBM 2671 paper tape device was a reader only. The paper tape punches were from older systems. I guess paper tape got punched on teletype machines in S/360 days. I had a customer with a 2671. I started keeping IBM sales manual pages that were "discard this page" when updates came out in about the 1970 time frame. I realized that I was throwing out history, so I kept some that I thought were important. Also I hung on to old IBM Blue Letters as product announcements were called. When I moved last summer, I shipped about a 6" tall stack of them to the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, CA. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_History_Museum Jim Mike Walter wrote: And just this morning I had been wondering about those who have contributed to this thread, wondering how they could remember so much detail (even if some memory had a few parity checks). Thus, how much truly important personal information had been paged out of their real memory (perhaps to paper tape?), being forever lost to permit these technical details to remain? :-) Obviously, over the years Lynn has kept more records than a radio station (oops: wrong media -- and now: wrong era). Mike Walter Hewitt Associates Any opinions expressed herein are mine alone and do not necessarily represent the opinions or policies of Hewitt Associates. -- Jim Bohnsack Cornell University (972) 596-6377 home/office (972) 342-5823 cell jab...@cornell.edu
Re: IBM 1401
And just this morning I had been wondering about those who have contributed to this thread, wondering how they could remember so much detail (even if some memory had a few parity checks). Thus, how much truly important personal information had been paged out of their real memory (perhaps to paper tape?), being forever lost to permit these technical details to remain? :-) Obviously, over the years Lynn has kept more records than a radio station (oops: wrong media -- and now: wrong era). Mike Walter Hewitt Associates Any opinions expressed herein are mine alone and do not necessarily represent the opinions or policies of Hewitt Associates. "Schuh, Richard" Sent by: "The IBM z/VM Operating System" 05/29/2009 09:10 AM Please respond to "The IBM z/VM Operating System" To IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU cc Subject Re: IBM 1401 Thanks, Lynn. We knew that we could count on you for the true story. :-) Those of us who have been around since the 1401 days and who have to rely on our memories sometimes mis-remember. Regards, Richard Schuh > -Original Message- > From: The IBM z/VM Operating System > [mailto:ib...@listserv.uark.edu] On Behalf Of Anne & Lynn Wheeler > Sent: Thursday, May 28, 2009 7:41 AM > To: IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU > Subject: Re: IBM 1401 > > rschuh wrote: > > The smaller systems, the 360-20 and 360-30 had a 1401 > emulator mode. It was= > > a h/w or mc based feature. I don't know whether larger > machines had > > it. Th= ere was also a 1410 emulator mode on the -40. I do > not know of > > any 1401 sup= port that ran under DOS, but my DOS experience is > > miniscule.=20 > > 360/30 had 1401 microcode emulation ... actually 360/30 front > panel switch that selected 360 microcode "emulation" (since > 360 was implemented as microcode on > 360/30) and 1401 microcode "emulation" > > recent stories in ibm-main mailing list about univ. getting > 360/30 to replace > 1401 (in staged processs of replacing 709/1401 combo with > 360/67 which was suppose to run with tss/360). > http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009h.html#12 IBM Mainframe: 50 > Years of Big Iron Innovation > http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009h.html#41 Book on Poughkeepsie > > 709 ran ibsys, tape->tape, a lot of fortran student jobs. > 1401 was front-end "spooling" > handling card reader-> tape & tape->printer/punch for the 709 > ... with tapes being manually moved from 1401 tapes and 709 tapes. > > Even tho the 1401 "MPIO" program ran perfectly fine on 360/30 > in 1401 emulation mode (switch to emulation mode and boot > MPIO from 2504 reader, effectively same as if running real > 1401) ... I got a student job to re-implement it in 360 ... > I got to design my own monitor, interrupt handling, device > drivers, storage management, console interface, etc. > Eventually was 2000 card program with assembler directive > that would either generate a "stand-alone" program or version > that ran under os/360. Stand-alone version took approx. 30 > minutes to assemble ... version that would run under os/360 > took nearly an hour to assemble since it took approx. five > minutes elapsed time per DCB macro. > > The univ. eventually got a 360/67 ... but since tss/360 > wasn't ready, it spent nearly all its time running os/360 as > 360/65. 360/65 (and 360/67) had 709x microcode emulation > support (as opposed to 1401 emulation available on lower-end 360s). > > Last week of January 1968, three people from the science > center ... some past posts > http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech > > came out to the univ. to install (virtual machine) cp67. at > the time, cp67 wasn't really up to the univ. os/360 > production workload ... but I got to play with it quite a bit > on weekends. some discussion detailed in these posts: > http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009h.html#47 Book on Poughkeepsie > http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009h.html#48 Book on Poughkeepsie > > misc. other recent related posts in ibm-main mailing list thread > http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009h.html#14 IBM Mainframe: 50 > Years of Big Iron Innovation > http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009h.html#42 Book on Poughkeepsie > http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009h.html#44 Book on Poughkeepsie > > > 360/30 functional characteristics has reference to > 1401/1440/1460 compatibiilty feature (GA24-3255) > http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/funcChar/GA24-3231-7_360- > 30_funcChar.pdf > > 1401 simulator for os/360 contributed program: > http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/360D-11.1.019_1401simCorr > _Sep69.pdf > > it might not have been all the difficult to port above t
Re: IBM 1401
Thanks, Lynn. We knew that we could count on you for the true story. :-) Those of us who have been around since the 1401 days and who have to rely on our memories sometimes mis-remember. Regards, Richard Schuh > -Original Message- > From: The IBM z/VM Operating System > [mailto:ib...@listserv.uark.edu] On Behalf Of Anne & Lynn Wheeler > Sent: Thursday, May 28, 2009 7:41 AM > To: IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU > Subject: Re: IBM 1401 > > rschuh wrote: > > The smaller systems, the 360-20 and 360-30 had a 1401 > emulator mode. It was= > > a h/w or mc based feature. I don't know whether larger > machines had > > it. Th= ere was also a 1410 emulator mode on the -40. I do > not know of > > any 1401 sup= port that ran under DOS, but my DOS experience is > > miniscule.=20 > > 360/30 had 1401 microcode emulation ... actually 360/30 front > panel switch that selected 360 microcode "emulation" (since > 360 was implemented as microcode on > 360/30) and 1401 microcode "emulation" > > recent stories in ibm-main mailing list about univ. getting > 360/30 to replace > 1401 (in staged processs of replacing 709/1401 combo with > 360/67 which was suppose to run with tss/360). > http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009h.html#12 IBM Mainframe: 50 > Years of Big Iron Innovation > http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009h.html#41 Book on Poughkeepsie > > 709 ran ibsys, tape->tape, a lot of fortran student jobs. > 1401 was front-end "spooling" > handling card reader-> tape & tape->printer/punch for the 709 > ... with tapes being manually moved from 1401 tapes and 709 tapes. > > Even tho the 1401 "MPIO" program ran perfectly fine on 360/30 > in 1401 emulation mode (switch to emulation mode and boot > MPIO from 2504 reader, effectively same as if running real > 1401) ... I got a student job to re-implement it in 360 ... > I got to design my own monitor, interrupt handling, device > drivers, storage management, console interface, etc. > Eventually was 2000 card program with assembler directive > that would either generate a "stand-alone" program or version > that ran under os/360. Stand-alone version took approx. 30 > minutes to assemble ... version that would run under os/360 > took nearly an hour to assemble since it took approx. five > minutes elapsed time per DCB macro. > > The univ. eventually got a 360/67 ... but since tss/360 > wasn't ready, it spent nearly all its time running os/360 as > 360/65. 360/65 (and 360/67) had 709x microcode emulation > support (as opposed to 1401 emulation available on lower-end 360s). > > Last week of January 1968, three people from the science > center ... some past posts > http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech > > came out to the univ. to install (virtual machine) cp67. at > the time, cp67 wasn't really up to the univ. os/360 > production workload ... but I got to play with it quite a bit > on weekends. some discussion detailed in these posts: > http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009h.html#47 Book on Poughkeepsie > http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009h.html#48 Book on Poughkeepsie > > misc. other recent related posts in ibm-main mailing list thread > http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009h.html#14 IBM Mainframe: 50 > Years of Big Iron Innovation > http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009h.html#42 Book on Poughkeepsie > http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009h.html#44 Book on Poughkeepsie > > > 360/30 functional characteristics has reference to > 1401/1440/1460 compatibiilty feature (GA24-3255) > http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/funcChar/GA24-3231-7_360- > 30_funcChar.pdf > > 1401 simulator for os/360 contributed program: > http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/360D-11.1.019_1401simCorr > _Sep69.pdf > > it might not have been all the difficult to port above to CMS??? > > 1401/1440/1460 Emulator Programs (under dos/360) > http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/GC27-6940-4_360_1401emul.pdf > > 360/65 functional characteristics > http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/funcChar/A22-6884-3_360-6 > 5_funcChar.pdf > 360/67 functional characteristics > http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/funcChar/A27-2719-0_360-6 > 7_funcChar.pdf > > lists optional feature: 709/7040/7044/7090/7094/7094II Compatibility > > single processor 360/67 was nearly identical to single > processor 360/65 except with addition to virtual address > translation hardware. > > > > > > -- > 40+yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since > 40+Mar1970 >
Re: IBM 1401
rschuh wrote: The smaller systems, the 360-20 and 360-30 had a 1401 emulator mode. It was= a h/w or mc based feature. I don't know whether larger machines had it. Th= ere was also a 1410 emulator mode on the -40. I do not know of any 1401 sup= port that ran under DOS, but my DOS experience is miniscule.=20 360/30 had 1401 microcode emulation ... actually 360/30 front panel switch that selected 360 microcode "emulation" (since 360 was implemented as microcode on 360/30) and 1401 microcode "emulation" recent stories in ibm-main mailing list about univ. getting 360/30 to replace 1401 (in staged processs of replacing 709/1401 combo with 360/67 which was suppose to run with tss/360). http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009h.html#12 IBM Mainframe: 50 Years of Big Iron Innovation http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009h.html#41 Book on Poughkeepsie 709 ran ibsys, tape->tape, a lot of fortran student jobs. 1401 was front-end "spooling" handling card reader-> tape & tape->printer/punch for the 709 ... with tapes being manually moved from 1401 tapes and 709 tapes. Even tho the 1401 "MPIO" program ran perfectly fine on 360/30 in 1401 emulation mode (switch to emulation mode and boot MPIO from 2504 reader, effectively same as if running real 1401) ... I got a student job to re-implement it in 360 ... I got to design my own monitor, interrupt handling, device drivers, storage management, console interface, etc. Eventually was 2000 card program with assembler directive that would either generate a "stand-alone" program or version that ran under os/360. Stand-alone version took approx. 30 minutes to assemble ... version that would run under os/360 took nearly an hour to assemble since it took approx. five minutes elapsed time per DCB macro. The univ. eventually got a 360/67 ... but since tss/360 wasn't ready, it spent nearly all its time running os/360 as 360/65. 360/65 (and 360/67) had 709x microcode emulation support (as opposed to 1401 emulation available on lower-end 360s). Last week of January 1968, three people from the science center ... some past posts http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#545tech came out to the univ. to install (virtual machine) cp67. at the time, cp67 wasn't really up to the univ. os/360 production workload ... but I got to play with it quite a bit on weekends. some discussion detailed in these posts: http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009h.html#47 Book on Poughkeepsie http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009h.html#48 Book on Poughkeepsie misc. other recent related posts in ibm-main mailing list thread http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009h.html#14 IBM Mainframe: 50 Years of Big Iron Innovation http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009h.html#42 Book on Poughkeepsie http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2009h.html#44 Book on Poughkeepsie 360/30 functional characteristics has reference to 1401/1440/1460 compatibiilty feature (GA24-3255) http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/funcChar/GA24-3231-7_360-30_funcChar.pdf 1401 simulator for os/360 contributed program: http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/360D-11.1.019_1401simCorr_Sep69.pdf it might not have been all the difficult to port above to CMS??? 1401/1440/1460 Emulator Programs (under dos/360) http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/GC27-6940-4_360_1401emul.pdf 360/65 functional characteristics http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/funcChar/A22-6884-3_360-65_funcChar.pdf 360/67 functional characteristics http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/360/funcChar/A27-2719-0_360-67_funcChar.pdf lists optional feature: 709/7040/7044/7090/7094/7094II Compatibility single processor 360/67 was nearly identical to single processor 360/65 except with addition to virtual address translation hardware. -- 40+yrs virtualization experience (since Jan68), online at home since Mar1970
Re: IBM 1401: was Re: z/VM 5.4 VSAM question - PJBR
When I started out in programming, over 40 years ago, the distinction was that an emulator was hardware assisted, while a simulator was pure software. John P. Baker From: The IBM z/VM Operating System [mailto:ib...@listserv.uark.edu] On Behalf Of Huegel, Thomas Sent: Tuesday, May 26, 2009 10:24 AM To: IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU Subject: Re: IBM 1401: was Re: z/VM 5.4 VSAM question - PJBR Now I beg the question, 'What is the difference between an "emulator", and a 'simulator"?'. I always thought they were differentiated in that the emulator required a hardware feature and a simulator was all software. Is that correct?
Re: IBM 1401: was Re: z/VM 5.4 VSAM question - PJBR
I did some programming for a bank that used a 360-20. On it, there was no DOS or TOS. You loaded the COS from a card deck immediately after power on, before you ran your 1401 programs. Earlier, while I was in the Army, we were preparing for the installation of a 360-40 that was to be run in 1410/7010 emulator mode. I was released from active duty before the hardware was installed (thank goodness - the machine sat in an Army warehouse for a year after I was released while a dispute over facilities was being settled). All presentations made to us left the impression that it would be something that ran on the bare iron with no underlying DOS. Anyway, there were no preparations being made for training anyone in DOS. Since the hardware and software were being dictated by the Defense Intelligence Agency, they may have thought it irrelevant to mention DOS to those who were actually going to run and use the equipment. There was a 1401 emulator capability on the 360-30 and -40 that required a hardware feature to be installed in addition to running an emulator in a DOS partition. IIRC, the -30 only allowed one active emulator partition while the -40 allowed up to three. It may well be that the 1410/7010 emulation had the same requirements and restrictions as the 1401 emulation. Regards, Richard Schuh > -Original Message- > From: The IBM z/VM Operating System > [mailto:ib...@listserv.uark.edu] On Behalf Of Jim Bohnsack > Sent: Tuesday, May 26, 2009 8:46 AM > To: IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU > Subject: Re: IBM 1401: was Re: z/VM 5.4 VSAM question - PJBR > > I think you are right, altho I also think that an emulator > (if that is the name of the hardware piece) often would use > some kind of specialized code that would facilitate the > hardware feature. I am pretty sure that on the S/360-30, a > hardware (firmware? microcode? an extra transister?) was used > to provide support for 1401 emulation but, if my memory was > correct about being able to run COS under DOS, there would be > a software simulator piece that worked with the hardware > emulator piece. > > Someone surely must have a better and more complete memory than I do!! > > Jim > > Huegel, Thomas wrote: > > This is a multi-part message in MIME format. > > > > --_=_NextPart_001_01C9DE0D.8F70FC9A > > Content-Type: text/plain;charset="us-ascii" > > Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable > > X-EC0D2A8E-5CB7-4969-9C36-46D859D137BE-PartID: > > 1C9A2191-C87D-499F-8E45-C01FA5908C5E > > > > Now I beg the question, 'What is the difference between an > "emulator", > > and a 'simulator"?'. > > I always thought they were differentiated in that the emulator > > required a hardware feature and a simulator was all software. > > Is that correct? > > > > > > > > From: The IBM z/VM Operating System > [mailto:ib...@listserv.uark.edu] > > On Behalf Of Jim Bohnsack > > Sent: Sunday, May 24, 2009 9:44 PM > > To: IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU > > Subject: Re: IBM 1401: was Re: z/VM 5.4 VSAM question - PJBR > > > > > > COS--that's the name I was trying to think of. I think > that there was > > the ability to run COS under DOS also. I think I remember > using some > > kind of DOS JCL card that set UPSI (user program switch > indicators), > > that, I think, emulated a set of 7 or so toggle switches on > the 1401. > > DOS/COS kind of triggers a memory. > > > > Jim > > > > > > > -- > Jim Bohnsack > Cornell University > (972) 596-6377 home/office > (972) 342-5823 cell > jab...@cornell.edu >
Re: IBM 1401: was Re: z/VM 5.4 VSAM question - PJBR
Now I beg the question, 'What is the difference between an "emulator",
and a 'simulator"?'.
I always thought they were differentiated in that the emulator required
a hardware feature and a simulator was all software.
Is that correct?
From: The IBM z/VM Operating System [mailto:ib...@listserv.uark.edu] On
Behalf Of Jim Bohnsack
Sent: Sunday, May 24, 2009 9:44 PM
To: IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU
Subject: Re: IBM 1401: was Re: z/VM 5.4 VSAM question - PJBR
COS--that's the name I was trying to think of. I think that there was
the ability to run COS under DOS also. I think I remember using some
kind of DOS JCL card that set UPSI (user program switch indicators),
that, I think, emulated a set of 7 or so toggle switches on the 1401.
DOS/COS kind of triggers a memory.
Jim
John Bellomy wrote:
The 360/30 had a "COS" compatibility operating system that was
IPL'ed on
the model 30, and then loaded a 1401 program deck. I operated
this
system for almost a year. It was a simulator that I used back
in 1968
time frame.
Then when we got a 360/65 running MVS 21.6 there was a emulator
that ran
as a batch job. I remember having to turn on the 1401 sense
switches on
the 1051 operator console via a WTOR message.
-Original Message-
=46rom: The IBM z/VM Operating System
[mailto:ib...@listserv.uark.edu] On
Behalf Of Huegel, Thomas
Sent: Friday, May 22, 2009 10:16 AM
To: IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU
Subject: Re: IBM 1401: was Re: z/VM 5.4 VSAM question - PJBR
On 360/25 there was a CSL (Control Storage Load)deck that could
be
loaded and then 1401 code ran 'native', no underlying DOS or OS
system.=20
There was an emulator for 360/30 and 360/40 (DOS/26) we also ran
1401
programs on a 370/138. On the 138 I believe it was a simulator
not an
emulator .. SIM1401 or SIM1400 something like that.. =20
-Original Message-
=46rom: The IBM z/VM Operating System on behalf of Schuh,
Richard
Sent: Fri 5/22/2009 11:09 AM
To: IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU
Subject: Re: IBM 1401: was Re: z/VM 5.4 VSAM question - PJBR
=20
The smaller systems, the 360-20 and 360-30 had a 1401 emulator
mode. It
was a h/w or mc based feature. I don't know whether larger
machines had
it. There was also a 1410 emulator mode on the -40. I do not
know of any
1401 support that ran under DOS, but my DOS experience is
miniscule.=20
There was a nifty package named DOS Under O/S (DUO) that allowed
you to
run DOS jobs under O/S MFT and VS1. It was developed by an IBM
SE who
lived somewhere in Texas. When IBM did not want the product, he
sold it
to Computer Associates (way before they changed the name to CA)
where it
was called CA-2 (IIRC). He died in an automobile accident not
long after
making the sale.
Regards,=20
Richard Schuh=20
=20
-Original Message-
From: The IBM z/VM Operating System=20
[mailto:ib...@listserv.uark.edu] On Behalf Of Tom
Duerbusch
Sent: Friday, May 22, 2009 8:37 AM
To: IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU
Subject: IBM 1401: was Re: z/VM 5.4 VSAM question - PJBR
=20
http://ed-thelen.org/1401Project/1401RestorationPage.html=20
=20
Tom Duerbusch
THD Consulting
=20
Jim Bohnsack
<mailto:jab...@cornell.edu> 5/20/2009 8:46 PM >>>
I don't remember a VM/370 1401 emulator. I supported
IBM=20
customers that were running 1401 support under DOS/360,
but=20
now I can't remember what it was called. It required,
I=20
think, a hardware feature on the S/360-30. I think I=20
remember that there was a 1410 emulator that ran under
DOS,=20
probably on a 360-40. Was there a separate VM/370
1401=20
emulator or were you just running DOS or DOS/VS under
VM/370=3F
=20
What was the name of that DOS 1401 emulator=3F The old
core=20
memory is getting a little rusty, maybe a lot rusty.
=20
Jim
=20
David Boyes wrote:
One shop I worked at ran the VM/370 1401
emulator for well over 20=20
years af=3D ter IBM withdrew it from marketing,
faithfully paying the=20
maintenance charg=3D e year af
Re: IBM 1401: was Re: z/VM 5.4 VSAM question - PJBR
I think you are right, altho I also think that an emulator (if that is the name of the hardware piece) often would use some kind of specialized code that would facilitate the hardware feature. I am pretty sure that on the S/360-30, a hardware (firmware? microcode? an extra transister?) was used to provide support for 1401 emulation but, if my memory was correct about being able to run COS under DOS, there would be a software simulator piece that worked with the hardware emulator piece. Someone surely must have a better and more complete memory than I do!! Jim Huegel, Thomas wrote: This is a multi-part message in MIME format. --_=_NextPart_001_01C9DE0D.8F70FC9A Content-Type: text/plain;charset="us-ascii" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable X-EC0D2A8E-5CB7-4969-9C36-46D859D137BE-PartID: 1C9A2191-C87D-499F-8E45-C01FA5908C5E Now I beg the question, 'What is the difference between an "emulator", and a 'simulator"?'. I always thought they were differentiated in that the emulator required a hardware feature and a simulator was all software. Is that correct? From: The IBM z/VM Operating System [mailto:ib...@listserv.uark.edu] On Behalf Of Jim Bohnsack Sent: Sunday, May 24, 2009 9:44 PM To: IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU Subject: Re: IBM 1401: was Re: z/VM 5.4 VSAM question - PJBR COS--that's the name I was trying to think of. I think that there was the ability to run COS under DOS also. I think I remember using some kind of DOS JCL card that set UPSI (user program switch indicators), that, I think, emulated a set of 7 or so toggle switches on the 1401. DOS/COS kind of triggers a memory. Jim -- Jim Bohnsack Cornell University (972) 596-6377 home/office (972) 342-5823 cell jab...@cornell.edu
Re: IBM 1401: was Re: z/VM 5.4 VSAM question - PJBR
COS--that's the name I was trying to think of. I think that there was the ability to run COS under DOS also. I think I remember using some kind of DOS JCL card that set UPSI (user program switch indicators), that, I think, emulated a set of 7 or so toggle switches on the 1401. DOS/COS kind of triggers a memory. Jim John Bellomy wrote: The 360/30 had a "COS" compatibility operating system that was IPL'ed on the model 30, and then loaded a 1401 program deck. I operated this system for almost a year. It was a simulator that I used back in 1968 time frame. Then when we got a 360/65 running MVS 21.6 there was a emulator that ran as a batch job. I remember having to turn on the 1401 sense switches on the 1051 operator console via a WTOR message. -Original Message- =46rom: The IBM z/VM Operating System [mailto:IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU] On Behalf Of Huegel, Thomas Sent: Friday, May 22, 2009 10:16 AM To: IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU Subject: Re: IBM 1401: was Re: z/VM 5.4 VSAM question - PJBR On 360/25 there was a CSL (Control Storage Load)deck that could be loaded and then 1401 code ran 'native', no underlying DOS or OS system.=20 There was an emulator for 360/30 and 360/40 (DOS/26) we also ran 1401 programs on a 370/138. On the 138 I believe it was a simulator not an emulator .. SIM1401 or SIM1400 something like that.. =20 -Original Message- =46rom: The IBM z/VM Operating System on behalf of Schuh, Richard Sent: Fri 5/22/2009 11:09 AM To: IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU Subject: Re: IBM 1401: was Re: z/VM 5.4 VSAM question - PJBR =20 The smaller systems, the 360-20 and 360-30 had a 1401 emulator mode. It was a h/w or mc based feature. I don't know whether larger machines had it. There was also a 1410 emulator mode on the -40. I do not know of any 1401 support that ran under DOS, but my DOS experience is miniscule.=20 There was a nifty package named DOS Under O/S (DUO) that allowed you to run DOS jobs under O/S MFT and VS1. It was developed by an IBM SE who lived somewhere in Texas. When IBM did not want the product, he sold it to Computer Associates (way before they changed the name to CA) where it was called CA-2 (IIRC). He died in an automobile accident not long after making the sale. Regards,=20 Richard Schuh=20 =20 -Original Message- From: The IBM z/VM Operating System=20 [mailto:IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU] On Behalf Of Tom Duerbusch Sent: Friday, May 22, 2009 8:37 AM To: IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU Subject: IBM 1401: was Re: z/VM 5.4 VSAM question - PJBR =20 http://ed-thelen.org/1401Project/1401RestorationPage.html=20 =20 Tom Duerbusch THD Consulting =20 Jim Bohnsack 5/20/2009 8:46 PM >>> I don't remember a VM/370 1401 emulator. I supported IBM=20 customers that were running 1401 support under DOS/360, but=20 now I can't remember what it was called. It required, I=20 think, a hardware feature on the S/360-30. I think I=20 remember that there was a 1410 emulator that ran under DOS,=20 probably on a 360-40. Was there a separate VM/370 1401=20 emulator or were you just running DOS or DOS/VS under VM/370=3F =20 What was the name of that DOS 1401 emulator=3F The old core=20 memory is getting a little rusty, maybe a lot rusty. =20 Jim =20 David Boyes wrote: One shop I worked at ran the VM/370 1401 emulator for well over 20=20 years af=3D ter IBM withdrew it from marketing, faithfully paying the=20 maintenance charg=3D e year after year. It would have cost a=20 fraction of=20 that price to just rewr=3D ite the darn application, but Not=20 In My Control =20 -- Jim Bohnsack Cornell University (972) 596-6377 home/office (972) 342-5823 cell jab...@cornell.edu =20 "Email Firewall" made the following annotations. ---= --- Warning:=20 All e-mail sent to this address will be received by the corporate e-mail = system, and is subject to archival and review by someone other than the = recipient. This e-mail may contain proprietary information and is intended= = only for the use of the intended recipient(s). If the reader of this = message is not the intended recipient(s), you are notified that you have = received this message in error and that any review, dissemination, = distribution or copying of this message is strictly prohibited. If you hav= e= received this message in error, please notify the sender immediately. =20 =20 =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D -- Jim Bohnsack Cornell University (972) 596-6377 home/office (972) 342-5823 cell jab...@cornell.edu
Re: IBM 1401: was Re: z/VM 5.4 VSAM question - PJBR
A 14xx microcode-based emulator was available for all models of the IBM 360 and some models of the 370. I ran a 1401 emulator under OS/VS1 on a 370/158 in the early 1970's Matthew On Sat, May 23, 2009 at 2:09 AM, Schuh, Richard wrote: > The smaller systems, the 360-20 and 360-30 had a 1401 emulator mode. It was > a h/w or mc based feature. I don't know whether larger machines had it. > There was also a 1410 emulator mode on the -40. I do not know of any 1401 > support that ran under DOS, but my DOS experience is miniscule. > > There was a nifty package named DOS Under O/S (DUO) that allowed you to run > DOS jobs under O/S MFT and VS1. It was developed by an IBM SE who lived > somewhere in Texas. When IBM did not want the product, he sold it to > Computer Associates (way before they changed the name to CA) where it was > called CA-2 (IIRC). He died in an automobile accident not long after making > the sale. > > Regards, > Richard Schuh > > > > > -Original Message- > > From: The IBM z/VM Operating System > > [mailto:ib...@listserv.uark.edu] On Behalf Of Tom Duerbusch > > Sent: Friday, May 22, 2009 8:37 AM > > To: IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU > > Subject: IBM 1401: was Re: z/VM 5.4 VSAM question - PJBR > > > > http://ed-thelen.org/1401Project/1401RestorationPage.html > > > > Tom Duerbusch > > THD Consulting > > > > >>> Jim Bohnsack 5/20/2009 8:46 PM >>> > > I don't remember a VM/370 1401 emulator. I supported IBM > > customers that were running 1401 support under DOS/360, but > > now I can't remember what it was called. It required, I > > think, a hardware feature on the S/360-30. I think I > > remember that there was a 1410 emulator that ran under DOS, > > probably on a 360-40. Was there a separate VM/370 1401 > > emulator or were you just running DOS or DOS/VS under VM/370? > > > > What was the name of that DOS 1401 emulator? The old core > > memory is getting a little rusty, maybe a lot rusty. > > > > Jim > > > > David Boyes wrote: > > > One shop I worked at ran the VM/370 1401 emulator for well over 20 > > > years af= ter IBM withdrew it from marketing, faithfully paying the > > > maintenance charg= e year after year. It would have cost a > > fraction of > > > that price to just rewr= ite the darn application, but Not > > In My Control > > > > > > > > -- > > Jim Bohnsack > > Cornell University > > (972) 596-6377 home/office > > (972) 342-5823 cell > > jab...@cornell.edu > >
Re: IBM 1401: was Re: z/VM 5.4 VSAM question - PJBR
The 360/30 had a "COS" compatibility operating system that was IPL'ed on the model 30, and then loaded a 1401 program deck. I operated this system for almost a year. It was a simulator that I used back in 1968 time frame. Then when we got a 360/65 running MVS 21.6 there was a emulator that ran as a batch job. I remember having to turn on the 1401 sense switches on the 1051 operator console via a WTOR message. -Original Message- From: The IBM z/VM Operating System [mailto:ib...@listserv.uark.edu] On Behalf Of Huegel, Thomas Sent: Friday, May 22, 2009 10:16 AM To: IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU Subject: Re: IBM 1401: was Re: z/VM 5.4 VSAM question - PJBR On 360/25 there was a CSL (Control Storage Load)deck that could be loaded and then 1401 code ran 'native', no underlying DOS or OS system. There was an emulator for 360/30 and 360/40 (DOS/26) we also ran 1401 programs on a 370/138. On the 138 I believe it was a simulator not an emulator .. SIM1401 or SIM1400 something like that.. -Original Message- From: The IBM z/VM Operating System on behalf of Schuh, Richard Sent: Fri 5/22/2009 11:09 AM To: IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU Subject: Re: IBM 1401: was Re: z/VM 5.4 VSAM question - PJBR The smaller systems, the 360-20 and 360-30 had a 1401 emulator mode. It was a h/w or mc based feature. I don't know whether larger machines had it. There was also a 1410 emulator mode on the -40. I do not know of any 1401 support that ran under DOS, but my DOS experience is miniscule. There was a nifty package named DOS Under O/S (DUO) that allowed you to run DOS jobs under O/S MFT and VS1. It was developed by an IBM SE who lived somewhere in Texas. When IBM did not want the product, he sold it to Computer Associates (way before they changed the name to CA) where it was called CA-2 (IIRC). He died in an automobile accident not long after making the sale. Regards, Richard Schuh > -Original Message- > From: The IBM z/VM Operating System > [mailto:ib...@listserv.uark.edu] On Behalf Of Tom Duerbusch > Sent: Friday, May 22, 2009 8:37 AM > To: IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU > Subject: IBM 1401: was Re: z/VM 5.4 VSAM question - PJBR > > http://ed-thelen.org/1401Project/1401RestorationPage.html > > Tom Duerbusch > THD Consulting > > >>> Jim Bohnsack 5/20/2009 8:46 PM >>> > I don't remember a VM/370 1401 emulator. I supported IBM > customers that were running 1401 support under DOS/360, but > now I can't remember what it was called. It required, I > think, a hardware feature on the S/360-30. I think I > remember that there was a 1410 emulator that ran under DOS, > probably on a 360-40. Was there a separate VM/370 1401 > emulator or were you just running DOS or DOS/VS under VM/370? > > What was the name of that DOS 1401 emulator? The old core > memory is getting a little rusty, maybe a lot rusty. > > Jim > > David Boyes wrote: > > One shop I worked at ran the VM/370 1401 emulator for well over 20 > > years af= ter IBM withdrew it from marketing, faithfully paying the > > maintenance charg= e year after year. It would have cost a > fraction of > > that price to just rewr= ite the darn application, but Not > In My Control > > > > > -- > Jim Bohnsack > Cornell University > (972) 596-6377 home/office > (972) 342-5823 cell > jab...@cornell.edu > "Email Firewall" made the following annotations. -- Warning: All e-mail sent to this address will be received by the corporate e-mail system, and is subject to archival and review by someone other than the recipient. This e-mail may contain proprietary information and is intended only for the use of the intended recipient(s). If the reader of this message is not the intended recipient(s), you are notified that you have received this message in error and that any review, dissemination, distribution or copying of this message is strictly prohibited. If you have received this message in error, please notify the sender immediately. ==
Re: IBM 1401: was Re: z/VM 5.4 VSAM question - PJBR
On 360/25 there was a CSL (Control Storage Load)deck that could be loaded and then 1401 code ran 'native', no underlying DOS or OS system. There was an emulator for 360/30 and 360/40 (DOS/26) we also ran 1401 programs on a 370/138. On the 138 I believe it was a simulator not an emulator .. SIM1401 or SIM1400 something like that.. -Original Message- From: The IBM z/VM Operating System on behalf of Schuh, Richard Sent: Fri 5/22/2009 11:09 AM To: IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU Subject: Re: IBM 1401: was Re: z/VM 5.4 VSAM question - PJBR The smaller systems, the 360-20 and 360-30 had a 1401 emulator mode. It was a h/w or mc based feature. I don't know whether larger machines had it. There was also a 1410 emulator mode on the -40. I do not know of any 1401 support that ran under DOS, but my DOS experience is miniscule. There was a nifty package named DOS Under O/S (DUO) that allowed you to run DOS jobs under O/S MFT and VS1. It was developed by an IBM SE who lived somewhere in Texas. When IBM did not want the product, he sold it to Computer Associates (way before they changed the name to CA) where it was called CA-2 (IIRC). He died in an automobile accident not long after making the sale. Regards, Richard Schuh > -Original Message- > From: The IBM z/VM Operating System > [mailto:ib...@listserv.uark.edu] On Behalf Of Tom Duerbusch > Sent: Friday, May 22, 2009 8:37 AM > To: IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU > Subject: IBM 1401: was Re: z/VM 5.4 VSAM question - PJBR > > http://ed-thelen.org/1401Project/1401RestorationPage.html > > Tom Duerbusch > THD Consulting > > >>> Jim Bohnsack 5/20/2009 8:46 PM >>> > I don't remember a VM/370 1401 emulator. I supported IBM > customers that were running 1401 support under DOS/360, but > now I can't remember what it was called. It required, I > think, a hardware feature on the S/360-30. I think I > remember that there was a 1410 emulator that ran under DOS, > probably on a 360-40. Was there a separate VM/370 1401 > emulator or were you just running DOS or DOS/VS under VM/370? > > What was the name of that DOS 1401 emulator? The old core > memory is getting a little rusty, maybe a lot rusty. > > Jim > > David Boyes wrote: > > One shop I worked at ran the VM/370 1401 emulator for well over 20 > > years af= ter IBM withdrew it from marketing, faithfully paying the > > maintenance charg= e year after year. It would have cost a > fraction of > > that price to just rewr= ite the darn application, but Not > In My Control > > > > > -- > Jim Bohnsack > Cornell University > (972) 596-6377 home/office > (972) 342-5823 cell > jab...@cornell.edu >
Re: IBM 1401: was Re: z/VM 5.4 VSAM question - PJBR
The smaller systems, the 360-20 and 360-30 had a 1401 emulator mode. It was a h/w or mc based feature. I don't know whether larger machines had it. There was also a 1410 emulator mode on the -40. I do not know of any 1401 support that ran under DOS, but my DOS experience is miniscule. There was a nifty package named DOS Under O/S (DUO) that allowed you to run DOS jobs under O/S MFT and VS1. It was developed by an IBM SE who lived somewhere in Texas. When IBM did not want the product, he sold it to Computer Associates (way before they changed the name to CA) where it was called CA-2 (IIRC). He died in an automobile accident not long after making the sale. Regards, Richard Schuh > -Original Message- > From: The IBM z/VM Operating System > [mailto:ib...@listserv.uark.edu] On Behalf Of Tom Duerbusch > Sent: Friday, May 22, 2009 8:37 AM > To: IBMVM@LISTSERV.UARK.EDU > Subject: IBM 1401: was Re: z/VM 5.4 VSAM question - PJBR > > http://ed-thelen.org/1401Project/1401RestorationPage.html > > Tom Duerbusch > THD Consulting > > >>> Jim Bohnsack 5/20/2009 8:46 PM >>> > I don't remember a VM/370 1401 emulator. I supported IBM > customers that were running 1401 support under DOS/360, but > now I can't remember what it was called. It required, I > think, a hardware feature on the S/360-30. I think I > remember that there was a 1410 emulator that ran under DOS, > probably on a 360-40. Was there a separate VM/370 1401 > emulator or were you just running DOS or DOS/VS under VM/370? > > What was the name of that DOS 1401 emulator? The old core > memory is getting a little rusty, maybe a lot rusty. > > Jim > > David Boyes wrote: > > One shop I worked at ran the VM/370 1401 emulator for well over 20 > > years af= ter IBM withdrew it from marketing, faithfully paying the > > maintenance charg= e year after year. It would have cost a > fraction of > > that price to just rewr= ite the darn application, but Not > In My Control > > > > > -- > Jim Bohnsack > Cornell University > (972) 596-6377 home/office > (972) 342-5823 cell > jab...@cornell.edu >
IBM 1401: was Re: z/VM 5.4 VSAM question - PJBR
http://ed-thelen.org/1401Project/1401RestorationPage.html Tom Duerbusch THD Consulting >>> Jim Bohnsack 5/20/2009 8:46 PM >>> I don't remember a VM/370 1401 emulator. I supported IBM customers that were running 1401 support under DOS/360, but now I can't remember what it was called. It required, I think, a hardware feature on the S/360-30. I think I remember that there was a 1410 emulator that ran under DOS, probably on a 360-40. Was there a separate VM/370 1401 emulator or were you just running DOS or DOS/VS under VM/370? What was the name of that DOS 1401 emulator? The old core memory is getting a little rusty, maybe a lot rusty. Jim David Boyes wrote: > One shop I worked at ran the VM/370 1401 emulator for well over 20 years af= > ter IBM withdrew it from marketing, faithfully paying the maintenance charg= > e year after year. It would have cost a fraction of that price to just rewr= > ite the darn application, but Not In My Control > > -- Jim Bohnsack Cornell University (972) 596-6377 home/office (972) 342-5823 cell jab...@cornell.edu
IBM 1401 Mainframe, the Musical
Just thought this might interest those who remember the 1401. :-) -- http://www.wired.com/culture/art/news/2007/07/IBM1401_Musical When IBM chief maintenance engineer Jóhann Gunnarsson started tinkering with the IBM 1401 Data Processing System, believed to have been the first computer to arrive in his native Iceland in 1964, he noticed an electromagnetic leak from the machine's memory caused a deep, cellolike hum to come from nearby AM radios. ... -- Shimon Lebowitzmailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] VM System Programmer mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Israel Police National HQ. http://www.poboxes.com/shimonpgp Jerusalem, Israel phone: +972 2 542-9877 fax: 542-9308
