http://www.icsi.berkeley.edu/~jagota/NCS/VOL1/P3_html/node8.html#SECTION0003 2100000000000000 In Herbert Spencer's two volume book "The Principles of Psychology" (1855) fundamental work on connectionism began. Today, the Correlational Opponent Processing model at http://turn.to/ai carries on the tradition. When I was a child I was given a book of poems which Herbert Spencer had given to an American woman. The knowledge of his approach makes this childhood gift a deeper treasure. Ron Blue