Ulrike Fischer wrote:
Put \XeTeXtracingfonts=1 in your document and call in on the command
line like this
xelatex --output-driver="xdvipdfmx -vv"  file.tex

This should give you more informations about the fonts used by xetex
(in the log) and xdvipdfmx.

OK, I've done that. Unfortunately, it doesn't tell me much... I get some msgs like
----------
pdf_font>> Input encoding "Identity-H" requires at least 2 bytes.
pdf_font>> The -m <00> option will be assumed for "/usr/share/fonts/bengali/lohit_bn.ttf".
---------
But those msgs happen with both the working font (as above) and the non-working fonts. With the non-working fonts, I also get:
---------
** WARNING ** Embedding of font "/groups/opt/share/fonts/Rupali_01-02-2007.ttf" disabled due to license restrictions
---------
But my understanding is that this msg just refers to embedding of the entire font, and shouldn't affect the appearance of the PDF.

The non-working fonts also have a few msgs like:
---------
** WARNING ** No Unicode mapping for glyph name "bn" found.
No Unicode mapping available: GID=132, name=bn_initekaar
---------
I'm not sure what this means, but it only happens for three glyphs, so I wouldn't think it would explain why the entire Bengali text comes out looking like badly formatted roman.

I will attach the entire listing of output msgs below my signature.

(A minimal example would be useful as it would reduce the amount of
informations).

Follows:
---------
\documentclass[]{report}
\usepackage{fontspec}

\XeTeXtracingfonts=1 %Suggested by Ulrike Fischer
%Bengali script:
%\newfontinstance\bengalifont[Script=Bengali]{Lohit Bengali}
\newfontinstance\bengalifont[Script=Bengali]{Rupali}
%\newfontinstance\bengalifont[Script=Bengali]{SolaimanLipi}
\newcommand{\bengali}[1]{{\bengalifont #1}}
\begin{document}

\bengali{রহিম্ কে ডাক্ বো}

\end{document}
---------
There are three fonts in there, two commented out. The Lohit Bengali font (which comes with at least Red Hat) works; the Rupali and SolaimanLipi fonts both output roman glyphs formatted (I think) as if it were Bengali glyphs. They're different roman glyphs in the two instances.
--
   Mike Maxwell
   What good is a universe without somebody around to look at it?
   --Robert Dicke, Princeton physicist

---------------output listing follows---------------
This is XeTeX, Version 3.1415926-2.2-0.9995.2 (TeX Live 2009)
entering extended mode
(./TestBanglaFontBug.xetex
LaTeX2e <2009/09/24>
Babel <v3.8l> and hyphenation patterns for english, usenglishmax, dumylang, noh yphenation, german-x-2009-06-19, ngerman-x-2009-06-19, ancientgreek, ibycus, ar abic, basque, bulgarian, catalan, pinyin, coptic, croatian, czech, danish, dutc h, esperanto, estonian, farsi, finnish, french, galician, german, ngerman, mono greek, greek, hungarian, icelandic, indonesian, interlingua, irish, italian, ku rmanji, latin, latvian, lithuanian, mongolian, mongolian2a, bokmal, nynorsk, po lish, portuguese, romanian, russian, sanskrit, serbian, slovak, slovenian, span
ish, swedish, turkish, ukenglish, ukrainian, uppersorbian, welsh, loaded.
(/groups/tools/texlive/2009/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/report.cls
Document Class: report 2007/10/19 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class
(/groups/tools/texlive/2009/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo))
(/groups/tools/texlive/2009/texmf-dist/tex/xelatex/fontspec/fontspec.sty
(/groups/tools/texlive/2009/texmf-dist/tex/generic/ifxetex/ifxetex.sty)
(/groups/tools/texlive/2009/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/calc.sty)
(/groups/tools/texlive/2009/texmf-dist/tex/latex/xkeyval/xkeyval.sty
(/groups/tools/texlive/2009/texmf-dist/tex/generic/xkeyval/xkeyval.tex
(/groups/tools/texlive/2009/texmf-dist/tex/generic/xkeyval/keyval.tex)))
(/groups/tools/texlive/2009/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/fontenc.sty
(/groups/tools/texlive/2009/texmf-dist/tex/xelatex/euenc/eu1enc.def)
(/groups/tools/texlive/2009/texmf-dist/tex/xelatex/euenc/eu1lmr.fd))
fontspec.cfg loaded.
(/groups/tools/texlive/2009/texmf-dist/tex/xelatex/fontspec/fontspec.cfg))
(./TestBanglaFontBug.aux) [1] (./TestBanglaFontBug.aux) )
<FONTMAP:pdftex.map><FONTMAP:cid-x.map>No dvi filename specified, reading standard input.
DVI Comment:  XeTeX output 2010.07.04:1027
stdin -> TestBanglaFontBug.pdf
<AGL:texglyphlist.txt>[1<Rupali(Rupali:Regular)@9.96pt<NATIVE-FONTMAP:Rupali/H/65536/0/0>
fontmap: Rupali/H/65536/0/0 -> /groups/opt/share/fonts/Rupali_01-02-2007.ttf(Identity-H)

pdf_font>> Input encoding "Identity-H" requires at least 2 bytes.
pdf_font>> The -m <00> option will be assumed for "/groups/opt/share/fonts/Rupali_01-02-2007.ttf".

** WARNING ** Embedding of font "/groups/opt/share/fonts/Rupali_01-02-2007.ttf" disabled due to license restrictions
(CID:Rupali)
pdf_font>> Type0 font "/groups/opt/share/fonts/Rupali_01-02-2007.ttf" cmap_id=<Identity-H,0> opened at font_id=<Rupali/H/65536/0/0,0>.
><[/groups/tools/texlive/2009/texmf-dist/fonts/opentype/public/lm/lmroman10-regular.otf](:)@9.96pt<NATIVE-FONTMAP:[/groups/tools/texlive/2009/texmf-dist/fonts/opentype/public/lm/lmroman10-regular.otf]/H/65536/0/0>
fontmap: [/groups/tools/texlive/2009/texmf-dist/fonts/opentype/public/lm/lmroman10-regular.otf]/H/65536/0/0 -> /groups/tools/texlive/2009/texmf-dist/fonts/opentype/public/lm/lmroman10-regular.otf(Identity-H)

pdf_font>> Input encoding "Identity-H" requires at least 2 bytes.
pdf_font>> The -m <00> option will be assumed for "/groups/tools/texlive/2009/texmf-dist/fonts/opentype/public/lm/lmroman10-regular.otf".
(CID:LMRoman10-Regular)
pdf_font>> Type0 font "/groups/tools/texlive/2009/texmf-dist/fonts/opentype/public/lm/lmroman10-regular.otf" cmap_id=<Identity-H,0> opened at font_id=<[/groups/tools/texlive/2009/texmf-dist/fonts/opentype/public/lm/lmroman10-regular.otf]/H/65536/0/0,1>.
>]
otf_cmap>> Creating ToUnicode CMap for "/groups/opt/share/fonts/Rupali_01-02-2007.ttf"...

** WARNING ** No Unicode mapping for glyph name "bn" found.
No Unicode mapping available: GID=132, name=bn_initekaar
** WARNING ** No Unicode mapping for glyph name "bn" found.
No Unicode mapping available: GID=489, name=bn_k_hasanta
** WARNING ** No Unicode mapping for glyph name "bn" found.
No Unicode mapping available: GID=513, name=bn_m_hasanta
otf_cmap>> Creating ToUnicode CMap for "/groups/tools/texlive/2009/texmf-dist/fonts/opentype/public/lm/lmroman10-regular.otf"... (CID:/groups/opt/share/fonts/Rupali_01-02-2007.ttf[Rupali][CIDFontType2])(CID:/groups/tools/texlive/2009/texmf-dist/fonts/opentype/public/lm/lmroman10-regular.otf[NZWNJY+LMRoman10-Regular][CIDFontType0][2 glyphs][548 bytes])
Compression saved 292 bytes. Try "-V 5" for better compression
3799 bytes written

** WARNING ** 3 memory objects still allocated

(see the transcript file for additional information)
Output written on TestBanglaFontBug.pdf (1 page).
Transcript written on TestBanglaFontBug.log.


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