On that subject... does Ctrl-Alt-Del initiate an orderly shutdown?

If you can't log in -- even on the console -- then rebooting is really
your only option.  Ctrl-Alt-Del should bring the system down cleanly if
you haven't disabled that functionality.  Otherwise, just toggle the power.

The symptoms you're seeing could well be due to filesystem problems or
to some filesystem filling up (/tmp is a prime suspect) or due to
running out of memory+swap.  Some sort of memory leak sounds pretty
likely actually.

Probably best to bring the system up in single user mode and run fsck on
all the filesystems manually -- that will show if you've got h/w
problems with drives and possibly with disk controllers or cabling too.
  Then check for overfull filesystems.  You may not find any -- rebooting
can clear a number of conditions where disk space is not released back
to the OS properly after use.  You may or may not find any clues as to
what went wrong in the system logs.  In the absence of any other clues,
the only option is to monitor the server closely and wait for something
similar to happen again.  Hopefully if there is a next time, you'll be
able to catch it and fix the underlying problem before it takes the
machine out a second time.

Yes, I can't log in. I get a login prompt, but no password prompt. I'm going to try ctrl-alt-del and see what happens.

Crossing fingers...

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