WayneD's clone-dest patch seems to be working for me, it's available here:

https://github.com/WayneD/rsync-patches/blob/master/clone-dest.diff

I've written some very basic tests, which I've attached to this email, in case they are of use to anyone else. They're also available here:

https://github.com/josephmaher/rsync

Notes:

        Tests need to be run as root.

clone-dest-btrs.test needs mkfs.btrfs (from btrfs-progs) and btrs-search-metadata (from python3-btrfs).

        clone-dest-xfs.test needs mkfs.xfs and xfs_bmap (from xfsprogs).


Joseph
#!/bin/sh

# Copyright (C) 2024 by Joseph Maher <git...@josephmaher.org>
# This program is distributable under the terms of the GNU GPL (see COPYING)
#
# Check that the --clone-dest option makes reflinks as requested

. "$suitedir/rsync.fns"

test -f /sbin/mkfs.btrfs || test_skipped "Can't find mkfs.btrfs (only available 
on Linus with btrfs support)"
test -f /usr/bin/btrfs-search-metadata || test_skipped "Can't find 
btrfs-search-metatadata from python3-btrfs (only available on Linux)"

# make a btrfs filesystem and mount it
truncate -s 115M $scratchdir/btrfs.image
/sbin/mkfs.btrfs $scratchdir/btrfs.image > /dev/null
mkdir -p $scratchdir/mnt/
mount -o loop $scratchdir/btrfs.image $scratchdir/mnt/ || test_skipped "Can't 
mount btrfs image file, try running as root"

# set up some test files and rsync them
mkdir $scratchdir/mnt/1 $scratchdir/mnt/2 $scratchdir/mnt/3
# files should be at least 4K in size so they fill an extent block
dd if=/dev/urandom of=$scratchdir/mnt/1/a bs=4K count=1 status=none
# sometimes the extents get cached, sycn helps write them to disk
sync $scratchdir/mnt/1/a
cp --reflink=never $scratchdir/mnt/1/a $scratchdir/mnt/1/b
sync $scratchdir/mnt/1/b
cp --reflink=never $scratchdir/mnt/1/a $scratchdir/mnt/3/a
sync $scratchdir/mnt/3/a

clonedir=$(realpath $scratchdir/mnt/3)

checkit "$RSYNC -a --clone-dest='$clonedir' '$scratchdir/mnt/1/' 
'$scratchdir/mnt/2/'" "$scratchdir/mnt/1/" "$scratchdir/mnt/2/"
sync $scratchdir/mnt/2/a
sync $scratchdir/mnt/2/b

# check the extents are the same

get_extents() {
    result=$(btrfs-search-metadata file $1 | grep disk_bytenr | sed 
's/.*disk_bytenr\ //' | sed 's/\ disk_num_bytes.*//')
    if [ ! -n "$result" ]; then
        echo "couldn't find extents for " $1
    fi
    echo "$result"
}

test "$(get_extents $scratchdir/mnt/2/a)" = "$(get_extents 
$scratchdir/mnt/3/a)" || test_fail "clone-dest files have different extents"

# clean up
umount $scratchdir/mnt/

# The script would have aborted on error, so getting here means we've won.
exit 0
#!/bin/sh

# Copyright (C) 2024 by Joseph Maher <git...@josephmaher.org>
# This program is distributable under the terms of the GNU GPL (see COPYING)
#
# Check that the --clone-dest option makes reflinks as requested

. "$suitedir/rsync.fns"

test -f /sbin/mkfs.xfs || test_skipped "Can't find mkfs.xfs (only available on 
Linus with xfs support)"

# make a btrfs filesystem and mount it
truncate -s 300M $scratchdir/xfs.image
/sbin/mkfs.xfs $scratchdir/xfs.image > /dev/null
mkdir -p $scratchdir/mnt/
mount -o loop $scratchdir/xfs.image $scratchdir/mnt/ || test_skipped "Can't 
mount xfs image file, try running as root"

# set up some test files and rsync them
mkdir $scratchdir/mnt/1 $scratchdir/mnt/2 $scratchdir/mnt/3
# files should be at least 4K in size so they fill an extent block
dd if=/dev/urandom of=$scratchdir/mnt/1/a bs=4K count=1 status=none
# sometimes the extents get cached, sync helps write them to disk
cp --reflink=never $scratchdir/mnt/1/a $scratchdir/mnt/1/b
cp --reflink=never $scratchdir/mnt/1/a $scratchdir/mnt/3/a

clonedir=$(realpath $scratchdir/mnt/3)

checkit "$RSYNC -a --clone-dest='$clonedir' '$scratchdir/mnt/1/' 
'$scratchdir/mnt/2/'" "$scratchdir/mnt/1/" "$scratchdir/mnt/2/"

# check the extents are the same

get_extents() {
    echo "$(/sbin/xfs_bmap $1 | tail -n 1)"
}

test "$(get_extents $scratchdir/mnt/2/a)" = "$(get_extents 
$scratchdir/mnt/3/a)" || test_fail "clone-dest files have different extents"

# clean up
umount $scratchdir/mnt/

# The script would have aborted on error, so getting here means we've won.
exit 0
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