On Sat, Apr 4, 2026 at 6:47 PM zandoodle <[email protected]> wrote:

>
>    1. An attacker sets up an ACME server and convinces the client to use
>    it, the client is then provided the attacker's ACME account on the CA's
>    domain and instructs the client to setup dns-persist-01 under the
>    attacker's account.
>    2. An attacker sets up an ACME server and convinces the client to use
>    it, the client is then provided the attacker's ACME account for the
>    attacker's domain and instructs the client to setup dns-persist-01 under
>    the attacker's account. This requires that the certificate authority allows
>    accounts to be created under the attacker's domain e.g. creating the
>    account under the domain in the Host header field as done by Let's Encrypt.
>
> A few notes here:

First, these two scenarios are essentially identical. In both of them, the
attacker is merely providing an attacker-controlled account URI to the
victim client, to get them to populate it in a DNS record. The only
difference with the second scenario is that the victim client operator
would see that their directory URL and account URL have the same domain
name, and might be less likely to notice that something weird is going on.

Second, the second of these scenarios doesn't actually work, at least not
against Let's Encrypt. Although we reflect the Host: header in API
responses, we only respect the *canonical* AccountURI for the purpose of
CAA and dns-persist-01 accounturi=. A client that populates a TXT record
with `accounturi=malicious.ca/acme/acct/12335` would not be able to
complete validation.

Finally, the fundamental threat model here was already considered and
mitigated in RFC 8555. One can imagine a similarly-positioned malicious
ACME proxy-esque server which intercepts an HTTP-01 challenge and replaces
the `token` with one of its own. However, the attacker still can't get the
victim client to successfully complete validation because the necessary
value presented by the client to complete the challenge consists of
*two* pieces
of information: the token (provided by the server) and the Key
Authorization (computed directly by the client). The victim client can't be
fooled into computing a Key Authorization for the malicious proxy's key.

So the solution here is to do the same. The dns-persist record should
contain a piece of information computed directly by the client, rather than
merely provided by the (potentially malicious) server. So I agree
with Sebastian's suggestion that the record format should support an
`accountkey=` parameter.

Aaron
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