Frances to William and others... 

You wrote earlier about tokens as individual works and the global
truths they may signify or the common concepts they can evoke.
You seemed to conclude that this blending of the individual with
the communal might be a thorn for pragmatism. It is correct that
the presence of particular individuals in the world has indeed
been a pragmatist problem, but one that has seemingly been
tentatively resolved. 

In its attempt to account for the common properties of individual
members and their communal groups, the philosophy of pragmatism
under its semiotics has posited the semantic theory of tones and
tokens and types, which are a trident of immediate subordinate
signs that are preparatory to the immediate pragmatic effects of
those same signs but as conceivably interpreted. Peircean
philosophy however becomes admittedly fuzzy in the face of the
different individual tokens regarded as works of art and as acts
of tech and as ideas of science. To escape the haze by saying
that the singular artistic and technical and scientific tokens as
members of both art and tech and science as typical classes are
together seeking to merge into something global such as a belief
in truth for example is perhaps not clear enough. 

This attempt at clarity by pragmatism in using say beauty or
goodness or truth or whatever as a common eventual factor fails
especially if there is no recognition by pragmatism that the
concept of art and the concept of tech and the concept of science
are to be held as or derived from different separate tokens, and
for these unique or peculiar tokens to even go on and further
signify or evoke different separate concepts. 

If sole objects of art or tech or science are not found to
objectively share some common global factor with each other or
all together, then the theory of objective norms and classes
would fail. The existence of art and tech and science as external
umbrellas would then indeed be irrelevant, aside from being
subjective mental constructs such as notions or nominations or
stipulations. It is correct that for pragmatism a token is a sign
that can eventually stand for or evoke a concept, and further
that a singular token may refer to a singular concept, but it is
also correct that a singular token can refer simultaneously or
sequentially to several similar or different concepts, and
further that several similar tokens will even refer
simultaneously or sequentially to a singular concept. This mixed
relation of token works and acts and ideas to typical kinds and
sorts and classes, and further to the conceivable consequences
the tokens and their types evoke, therefore often seems to be a
contradiction of the pragmatist theory of tones and tokens and
types. 

The theory of singular tokens being individual and particular and
unique and peculiar and definite is indeed somewhat difficult to
define as pragmatism attempts to posit it. It might help
therefore to first locate tokens formally within pragmatist
semiotics, before attempting to broadly apply them referentially
and instrumentally in situations of semiosis, such as in acts of
art and tech science. 

Under the first grand division of semiotics called informative
analytics or grammatics, its second dimension after immediate
syntactics is called immediate semantics. It holds three groups
of subsigns called qualisigns and sinsigns and legisigns. To be
tridentially consistent with the phenomenal categories of realist
pragmatism, these groups are structured as a trichotomy. The one
qualitative qualisign is a tone. The two singular sinsigns are
tokens and replicas. The three lawful legisigns are types and
codes and semes. 

It is of interest to note that variant codes of types are not
replicant tokens of types, but are coincidental alignments with
types, yet may impact on the issue at hand. At a narrow micro
level, examples of linguistic verbal codes would be those that
substitute for grammatical alphabets, or those that serve as
synonyms and metonyms. At a broader macro level, cultural and
social codes can impact on acts like art and tech and science in
ways that formal and natural tokens would be disabled or
inefficient or inadequate. 

An individual token that is similar to another individual token,
like a replicate pair of identical clones for example, will
nonetheless be found definitely different even if only at some
far distant indefinite point. If a token is ever held to be
different from any other token, which it should be, then it
probably will be found as different in the long run, regardless
of whether it ever actually will be found different. It is the
search that is important, and not the attainment of an absolute
finality, which is unattainable in any event. If this conceivable
likelihood is merely believed, then the tenets of pragmatism
would be satisfied. 

All definite different tokens however will also be reduced
infinitely to some common global factor as their essential
logical atom. At that point of reduced global generality, their
indefinite infinity becomes ironically indivisible and thus
finite, because at that point their tonal quality cannot be
divided further. 

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