been looking at Norbert Weiner *Cybernetics* is a transdisciplinary<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transdisciplinarity> [1] <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybernetics#cite_note-transdisciplinary-1>approach for exploring regulatory systems <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems>, their structures<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure>, constraints, and possibilities. Cybernetics is relevant to the study of systems, such as mechanical, physical, biological, cognitive, and social systems <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_systems>. Cybernetics is applicable when a system being analyzed is involved in a closed signaling loop; that is, where action by the system generates some change in its environment and that change is reflected in that system in some manner (feedback) that triggers a system change. Originally referred to as a "circular causal" relationship. Some say this is necessary to a cybernetic perspective.[*citation needed<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed> *] System Dynamics <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_Dynamics>, a related field, originated with applications of electrical engineering control theory to other kinds of simulation models (especially business systems) by Jay Forrester <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Forrester> at MIT <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT> in the 1950s.
Cybernetics was defined in the mid 20th century, by Norbert Wiener<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Wiener>as "the scientific study of control and communication in the animal and the machine."[2] <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybernetics#cite_note-W1948-2>Cybernetics from the Greek meaning to "steer" or "navigate." Contemporary cybernetics began as an interdisciplinary study connecting the fields of control systems, electrical network theory<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_theory>, mechanical engineering <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_engineering>, logic modeling <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_modeling>, evolutionary biology <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_biology>, neuroscience<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroscience>, anthropology <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropology>, and psychology<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology>in the 1940s, often attributed to the Macy Conferences <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macy_Conferences>. During the second half of the 20th century cybernetics evolved in ways that distinguish first-order cybernetics (about observed systems) from second-order cybernetics (about observing systems).[3]<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybernetics#cite_note-HvF1981-3> On Tue, Jan 15, 2013 at 12:00 PM, William Conger <[email protected]>wrote: > OK, good. I like it. > wc > > > > ________________________________ > From: saul ostrow <[email protected]> > To: [email protected] > Sent: Tue, January 15, 2013 10:01:55 AM > Subject: Re: Art is money > > The qualities are those that come first to be introduced into the process > and then come to be be subscribed to or reproduced. As for circular - not > so much circular as a feedback loop and therefore cybernetic - this is the > reason the subject/object is not fixed or fixable but emergent - as such > art exists in time > > > On Tue, Jan 15, 2013 at 10:14 AM, William Conger <[email protected] > >wrote: > > > Are the qualities of art assigned to things themselves or to the network > > system > > that circumscribes those qualities? What is a quality in itself or can > it > > only > > be recognized in relation to a thing? What is a history? Why isn't > > history > > itself unstable and merely another mode of qualities, like art? > > > > I like Saul's statement and I think it's a good explanation of the fact > > that art > > is a societal construct, and not simply objects with inherent features, > > but I'm > > not sure his argument is not circular. > > > > WC > > > > > > > > > > ________________________________ > > From: saulostrow <[email protected]> > > To: [email protected] > > Sent: Tue, January 15, 2013 8:55:36 AM > > Subject: Re: Art is money > > > > The "art" I have in mind encompasses an activity that results in a > variety > > of "qualities" that are best represented by a collection of works > > (things). The nature of this activity is circumscribed by a history, > which > > then informs in part the intentions of the agent who performs the act > that > > will potentially result in generating a variety of qualities (both > > previously associated with and on occasion previously not associated > > with)the collection of works (things) that are indexed to the > > aforementioned history. I say potentially because there are external > > conditions > > that effect the process that may not be determined. These contingencies > are > > a result of the fact that both the activities, qualities and the > collection > > of works is under constant revision and therefore may be considered > > emergent as both a subject and a form. Those things not included in that > > collection of objects have yet to be circumscribed by that the > > aforementioned history are not called art - and therefore are not > > those things > > that come to mind when art is signified. Inversely, all aspects of this > > process may not please all those who make reference to it (art) - but in > > those cases they are merely stipulating that sub-category which they wish > > to privilege - Any discussion concerning these sub-categories become a > > discussion of standards, criteria and value. At this point we are no > > longer referencing art but merely using certain works as ideological or > > philosophical examples of what it is that might pleases us in comparison > to > > another example - to discuss taste, a.e., or market value is not the same > > thing as discussing art. In closing to discuss art is to discuss a > systems > > network and not a thing. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > -- > > S a u l O s t r o w > > > > *Critical Voices* > > 21STREETPROJECTS > > La Table Ronde > > 162 West 21 Street > > NYC, NY 10011 > > > > [email protected] > > www.21stprojects.org > > > > > > > -- > S a u l O s t r o w > > *Critical Voices* > 21STREETPROJECTS > La Table Ronde > 162 West 21 Street > NYC, NY 10011 > > [email protected] > www.21stprojects.org > > -- S a u l O s t r o w *Critical Voices* 21STREETPROJECTS La Table Ronde 162 West 21 Street NYC, NY 10011 [email protected] www.21stprojects.org
