This is one awesome discussion - sounds better than the symposiums !!

Maybe we must clarify a few points by Steven!

1)      What manager in the mining or petroleum industry who has
graduated
from college hasn't taken a serious statistics course, including
covariances
and correlations?  

>> I am a geologist with ten years mining experience in South Africa.
It is part of my job to try and implement geostatistical techniques in
grade estimations on the mines.  The mining/geological managers knows
how to take ore out of the ground and sell it.  They would not be
bothered by the covariance or the difference approach - the only thing
is that there is BIG problems if the actual plant feed grade is lower
than predicted grade.  Then the true colors of the managers come out and
the in-house geostatician has lots of problems.  If the in-house
geostatician can blame it on the outside consultant/instructor then he
might survive.

2)      Surely when starting from scratch, educating someone about
geostatistics is more intuitive using covariances?  (Just my opinion so
far,
speaking as a mathematician who remembers teaching basic college level
statistics to nursing majors, education majors, sociology majors, etc.
And
even succeeding occasionally.)

>> From my personal experience in trying to explain to managers why they
should not use polygonal or inverse distance estimates on their mine, it
was much easier to explain it with the difference method.  The
discussion would normally be around samples from drillholes (which the
managers always refers to as being expensive) which are more different
at larger distances and hopefully less different at closer distances.
Which is why the geologist likes to drill at closer distances - it also
tends to make the plant grade feed predictions more accurate.

3)      I have taken two multi-day courses in geostatistics from well
known
industry experts.  In each class they included significant material and
time
on the first day explaining/justifying variograms by showing their
mathematical relationship to spatial covariance functions.   It seems
that
those instructors did not trust the variogram to be more intuitive than
spatial covariance functions.

>> I have been in a few practical geostats courses where the students
are a mix of surveyors, miners, samplers, grade control officers and
geologists.  Somehow it always seems to be easier for the instructor to
use the difference method to explain variography.

4)      The two basic level introductions to geostatistics I have on my
bookshelf replicate the experience at those two classes.... 

>> As a practicing geostatician on a producing mine the reality is that
we can have huge discussions on the mathematical delicacy's of pivoting
the Kriging equations etc. but the feed grade to the plant or ore beds
must be in close proximity of what was predicted.  The big mining
companies and banks are spending huge amounts of capital on mining
ventures and the grade/tonnage curves (or block model as some people
call it) plays a significant part in the decision.  And any industry
geostats course must be practical enough so that the students can go
back and make accurate grade/tonnage curves.  That's what pays the
bills.  

I don't know if I am getting the message through - the big mining
companies needs the practical experience because the "proof of the
pudding lies in the plant feed"


Ian Hunt


-----Original Message-----
From:   Yetta Jager [SMTP:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] <mailto:[SMTP:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]> 

I think part of the difficulty in the semivariogram vs. covariance war
is
that modeling is subjective,   and the notion of covariance has become
more
intuitive for statisticians, while the notion of  semivariance has
become
more intuitive for geologists. 
 
From:  Isobel Clark [[EMAIL PROTECTED]]

I agree that the semi-variogram approach is easier for the
non-statistician
to grasp. Difference in value is a simpler concept to grasp than
cross-product, especially when your boss wants to know the likely
difference
between what you tell him and what really happens!



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