There are specific algorithms for image matching. One of the more famous 
ones is to use Wavelet coefficients. 
Wavelet Coefficients are resolution independent ways of representing image 
content (The image data is mapped
into a 0-1 2D space). You can perform a 2D difference analysis of the 
searched image's wavelet representation
with the Wavelet representation of the images in your index and then rank 
the results based on the degree of
matching pruning the results based on thresholds. The challenge here is to 
scale the algorithm to the scale of
the Google Index data. I'll leave that discussion for another thread.

(For more info start here on wikipedia: 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelet_transforms). 
Note: a course in Image Processing is helpful. Also, this method works even 
if the image is resized.
(Side Note: Rotational changes don't affect the first few coefficients, but 
affect the later ones)

^ This answer is only for the "Search by Images" feature. For the image 
search by text features, you use 
the standard Google way of associating images with their nearby textual 
content and then search based
on those tags.

--
DK

http://twitter.com/divyekapoor
http://www.divye.in

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