I am sorry if this is getting off topic too much. Maybe we should
continue this thread somewhere else?
[EMAIL PROTECTED] schrieb:
Timo, what *has previously* been swapped is not all that interesting. What
is much more important is how much swapping is happening as things are
running, and whether or not that is impacting your ability to process email.
You should look at the output that has been captured from your sar utility
(sar -rW) and examine how swapping is occurring over time. Don't worry
about what's swapped out to disk now, or the peak values.
When I first saw how much swap is beeing used I was a little scared and
my only thought was of how to reduce it. The higher the amount of used
swap, the worse it is for the system I thought. I still believe that
this is right, but I also found a chapter about memory management in
"Linux System Administrators Guide". Now I see that you are right, it's
more important to monitor swapping over time periods.
I ran sar, but I don't have enough other values to compare them. Here
are my daily average values for pswpin/s and pswpout/s.
# for x in /var/log/sysstat/sa[0-9][0-9]; do sar -W -f $x | grep ^Aver; done
Average: 0.78 0.00
Average: 1.41 0.00
Average: 3.23 0.11
Average: 10.32 0.22
Average: 17.49 0.02
Average: 15.87 0.03
Average: 27.74 0.06
Average: 18.13 0.26
Average: 6.88 0.12
Average: 4.28 0.07
Is that good or bad? I have another system with sar activated but I only
get zeros. So no swapping seems to be done there.
Trying to reduce processes to the point of starvation, etc. is not the best
approach - rather, and I'm sure you know the drill, adding more RAM is the
way to go.
Adding more RAM is my last resort. The system is in production and it is
not so easy to have down times. Of cource, if anything else fails, I
will go that way. But maybe the values that I have written above aren't
so bad and I can live with that swap behaviour? Eventually I have
learned that swapping in general is not necessarily bad.
So long
Timo
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