Very well put Geoff Thanks Bob -----Original Message----- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] t [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] n.qth.net] On Behalf Of Geoff/W5OMR Sent: Friday, November 30, 2007 7:17 PM To: Discussion of AM Radio in the Amateur Service Subject: Re: [AMRadio] F/S Volumax
Bob Peters wrote: > It is the VOLUMAX 4300 And I have the manual with it. > > > Anyway offers??? > Here's what I found on the Volumax 4300... in 1970, CBS Laboratories produced a revolutionary product. The Volumax 4300. The first analog signal processor for maximum loudness. It contains two circuits. A special compressor, and a peak limiter. This device is connected after the main slow acting compressor. The special compressor is a FAST acting compressor. Unlike the main compressor, this one has a medium-fast attack time, around 8.5 msec, and a relatively fast release time, around 260 msec. Percussive sounds faster than 8 msec do not trigger the compressor and go straight through with their original volume level. The syllabic sounds are compressed and the gain is re-adjusted very quickly due to the 260 msec. This only works well if the average signal input is relatively constant - the job of the main slow acting compressor. The two compressors work together in preventing gain pumping, and allow percussive sounds to sound loud because they don't reduce the gain of the second compressor (ie. their attack time is not altered), yet the syllabic variations are highly compressed and are brought up to maximum gain quickly, making the signal sound very loud, with a further increase of 6 dB or 4x power compared to not using it. ... Thus the second circuit in the Volumax 4300 is an unsymmetrical clipping circuit which takes care of the negative peaks, fixing them at the -100% modulation level. The 6dB improvement from this device alone is all totally useable since at no time will the transmitter be overmodulated in the negative direction, neither will it be undermodulated, as the average signal will always be close to the clipping level. Every top 40 radio station wanted one of these. One does not really hear any distortion because the energy in the clipped peaks is very low - and what is left can fully modulate the transmitter toward -100% almost continuously! On the other side of the coin, there are these comments... >/ >I have at one site a Volumax 4300. It's a single channel 1U AM processor. / >/ I believe that model had the clipper diodes BEFORE the output />/ transformer. Self induced tilt and overshoot! / Yeah, its peak control wasn't that great. But it did work ok for limiting a netcast. Mind you, these reports are from 'professional broadcasters'. Amateur signals aren't nearly as 'broad' as broadcast professional stations. Typically, an Amateur AM signal is 6kc wide. Broadcast stations have a 10kc channel spacing. Isn't there something in the Rules and regs about emission bandwidth? Hmmm... seems the only thing I can find, is: (1) No angle-modulated emission may have a modulation index greater than 1 at the highest modulation frequency. (2) No non-phone emission shall exceed the bandwidth of a communications quality phone emission of the same modulation type. The total bandwidth of an independent sideband emission (having B as the first symbol), or a multiplexed image and phone emission, shall not exceed that of a communications quality A3E emission. however, Part 97 doesn't not define what the width of a 'quality A3E emission' is. I -did- find, however, what appears to be a reply to a petitioner.../* 10.* Regarding Petitioner's request that amateur stations transmitting emission type A3E not be authorized to occupy more than 5.6 KHz bandwidth on amateur frequencies below 28.8 MHz, _we agree with commenters who note Petitioners have not demonstrated there to be a particular problem with stations that transmit AM emissions. Moreover, the Commission has previously declined to restrict bandwidth for AM because to do so would be inconsistent with the basic purpose of amateur service and our desire to offer amateur operators the opportunity to experiment with various types. It appears that currently, an AM transmitter can have a width of <6kc. I feel, as Amatuers, we should probably limit ourselves to something around the 6kc area, just to be 'neighborly' to our near-frequency neighbors, as to reduce the amount of bickering and bitching on the band, which would lead to a much more enjoyable environment to all hams, regardless of what mode we are on. _/ -- Driving your AM Rig without a scope, is like driving your car at night, without headlights. (K4KYV) -- 73 = Best Regards, -Geoff/W5OMR ______________________________ ______________________________ __ Our Main Website: http://www.amfone.net AMRadio mailing list List Rules (must read!): http://w5ami.net/amradiofaq.ht ml List Home: http://mailman.qth.net/mailman /listinfo/amradio Help: http://mailman.qth.net/mmfaq.h tml Post: mailto:AMRadio@mailman.qth.net To unsubscribe, send an email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] t with the word unsubscribe in the message body. ______________________________________________________________ Our Main Website: http://www.amfone.net AMRadio mailing list List Rules (must read!): http://w5ami.net/amradiofaq.html List Home: http://mailman.qth.net/mailman/listinfo/amradio Help: http://mailman.qth.net/mmfaq.html Post: mailto:AMRadio@mailman.qth.net To unsubscribe, send an email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] with the word unsubscribe in the message body.
