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Jane's Defense Weekly

Bulgaria doubled arms exports in late 2001

By Elisaveta Konstantinova, JDW Special Correspondent,
Sofia 

Bulgarian exports of military hardware amounted to
$200 million in the second half of 2001, which was
more than the country sold in all of 2000, government
officials said at a recent arms industry round table.
The boost was largely attributed to increased exports
to EU and NATO member states and re-negotiated arms
production licences with Russia.

India was the largest market for Bulgarian weapons
last year, followed by countries in Asia and Latin
America. The latter is seen as a promising market. The
Czech Republic, the UK and USA were the other
destinations for small quantities of NATO-calibre
weapons produced in Bulgaria. Assault rifles,
short-range missiles, bombs, grenades and
grenade-launchers comprise an essential part of
Bulgarian arms exports. 

Bulgaria's reputation as an arms exporter dates from
the Cold War era when the industry was the industrial
powerhouse of the government. The 2001 export increase
is still seen as only a slight recovery from the
1980s, when the industry was at its peak, producing
between $800 million and $1.3 billion worth of arms a
year, with only 7% allocated to domestic defence. The
arms sector was a key government industry under the
communist regime, accounting for 10% of total exports.
The bulk of this was sold to leftist regimes, rebel
armies and other Soviet-bloc client states. 

After the disintegration of the Soviet Bloc, most of
Bulgaria's traditional arms markets fell under
international embargoes, while other clients sought
NATO-standard equipment. 

Desperate for cash, Bulgarian arms producers have been
accused of selling weapons to embargoed regimes in the
1990s, drawing fierce criticism for 'sanction
busting'. The country has toughened its arms trade
controls since then under pressure from NATO and EU,
which it aspires to join. 



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