"imperative mood suffix" - this is wrong, i wanted to say "causative mood suffix".
2017-07-25 4:33 GMT+03:00 dinar qurbanov <qdi...@gmail.com>: > i wanted to say tree leaves instead of tree nodes, because i use > constituency trees (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parse_tree ) and > there are morphemes only at leaf nodes and there are phrases at > internal nodes. (see > https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_(data_structure). (and i use binary > trees). but i see (now from wikipedia) that saying "nodes" is also ok > (and maybe even better taking in account that tree can be dependency > tree), because "leafs" are also "nodes" in tree data structure (i had > forgotten it, though i know that from dom tree... ). (and i see that > node is also named "vertex" in graph theory: > https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertex_(graph_theory) ). > > > 2017-07-20 15:25 GMT+03:00 dinar qurbanov <qdi...@gmail.com>: >> "words" are [scientifically] baseless things! >> >> where from they have come? just from spaces between them. who and why >> decided to put spaces there? i think they had not good proofs, else we >> would know that proofs. i know only theory about lexemes to put in >> dictionaries, and their word forms. >> >> also "words" in grammar come from old grammars written in old times >> for latin, arabic, etc. but it is not authoritative source. you should >> know how much errors were in old sciences of chemistry, medicine, >> astronomy. >> >> as i know apertium already does not stick with traditional words, for >> example, as i know, for turkic languages some words which are written >> separately are used as word modifier tags in apertium. >> >> but still lemmas with modifier tags are used in apertium and as i know >> there is no way to show whether some another word is used with lemma >> only, or with lemma with some suffix(es)... >> >> but i think real atoms of syntax are morphemes and it is an idea >> written by several authors in several books. >> >> also i think that syntax and morpholgy should be redivided and >> renamed. one of them (syntax?) should include all trees in both of >> syntax and morphology. (similar idea is also suggested in a book). and >> part of morphology should go to a science named like "surface >> decoration of syntax trees". >> >> difference is in possible different priority/order of using morphemes. >> in many cases resulting meaning is similar, because in that cases >> a(bc) = (ab)c ; it can be written "a bc" but it can have meaning (ab)c >> and there can be not much practical problem if translation program >> uses it as a(bc), since a(bc) = (ab)c. for example "a" can be an >> adverb, "b" - a verb and "c" - gerund suffix. for example, "frankly >> speaking". >> >> i can give an example when this has practical differences. in turkic >> languages verb negation suffix is written sticked and in apertium it >> is also used as a tag. usually adverb is used with verb stem (ie to >> part without negation suffix) and negation is used to the phrase >> consisting of verb and adverb. for example: "кызу бармады" - "qozu >> barmado" in tatar is "did not go fast" and has structure "{{кызу >> бар}ма}ды" - "did not {go fast}". but you cannot use this as a rule, >> similarly written sequence of morphemes can has also another >> structure: "бөтенләй эшләмәде" - "botonlay islamadi" means >> "(he/she/it/they) has not worked at all" and it has structure >> "{бөтенләй} {эшләмәде}" - "{did not work} {at all}" , or "{{бөтенләй} >> {эшләмә}}де" - "did {{not work} {at all}}". ( alternatively it could >> have structure "{{{бөтенләй эшлә}мә}де}" and meaning "did not make >> wholly" - "did not {make wholly}". ) >> >> to translate this correctly from tatar to english you should better >> use morphemes as atoms, as tree nodes instead of words, because you >> should find correct tree structure before you translate, and you >> should be able to set morphemes at correct places of tree. as i >> remember apertium does not use syntax trees at all for now, or uses >> them only for some language pairs, or you have some instrument for >> them and experimenting with them, but sets words as word forms in tree >> nodes. >> >> probably there are also other examples with other suffixes. there is >> also imperative mood suffix in tatar language, with which i expect to >> find similar example, and i do not completely deny such problem with >> other suffixes like negation and gerund suffixes when translating from >> some language to some language. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Check out the vibrant tech community on one of the world's most engaging tech sites, Slashdot.org! http://sdm.link/slashdot _______________________________________________ Apertium-stuff mailing list Apertium-stuff@lists.sourceforge.net https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/apertium-stuff
