All economists ought to be aware of the true story of why economics was named the dismal science. It's not because of Malthus and the population issue but rather because the classical liberal economists thought that everyone, including blacks, were equal a proposition that that bastard Carlyle thought was truly "dismal." See http://www.econlib.org/library/Columns/LevyPeartdismal.html for the true story. Cheers Alex -- Dr. Alexander Tabarrok Vice President and Director of Research The Independent Institute 100 Swan Way Oakland, CA, 94621-1428 Tel. 510-632-1366, FAX: 510-568-6040 Email: [EMAIL PROTECTED]