I have a question about Section 10.4.6 of X.691

From the spec:

10.4.6 A minimum octed 2's-complement-binary-integer encoding of the whole number has a field-width that is a multiple of eight bits and also satisfies the condition that the leading nine bits of the field shall not all be zero and shall not all be ones.

Does 'leading nine bits' suggest that the minimum number of octets is 2?

No. Perhaps it would have been better written "leading nine bits, if any".

How would, for example, -1 or 0 be encoded if all of the bits can not be 1 and can not all be 0?

-1 would be FF and 0 would be 00. What the spec if trying to disallow is FFFF and 0000, or FFFFFF and 000000, etc.

What am I missing?

I think you are missing nothing. You were just misled by the term "leading nine bits".

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