TABLE 2: Age-Group of Population Not attending School
by Educational Level by PCI (percentage)
|
|
Age group | |||
|
|
6-12 13-15 16-19 20-24 | |||
|
Rural |
5.4 |
47.0 |
86.9 |
98.3 |
|
I-II |
6.9 |
56.4 |
92.1 |
100.0 |
|
III-IV |
3.3 |
43.9 |
89.7 |
99.5 |
|
V-VI |
4.9 |
32.3 |
79.1 |
96.8 |
|
VII-VIII |
2.9 |
32.2 |
77.8 |
96.4 |
|
IX-X |
2.7 |
33.3 |
69.1 |
92.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Urban |
2.9 |
19.7 |
52.2 |
80.6 |
|
I-II |
8.0 |
43.8 |
78.9 |
98.0 |
|
III-IV |
3.1 |
26.3 |
66.1 |
92.3 |
|
V-VI |
1.9 |
18.2 |
56.0 |
88.8 |
|
VII-VIII |
1.3 |
10.1 |
46.2 |
85.1 |
|
IX-X |
0.3 |
3.1 |
22.8 |
55.5 |
Source: Bracho(2000): Reimers(2000)
As table 2 shows, there is significant difference between urban and rural areas in school attendance. In the second column of the table, we see that overall 2.9% of the children in age group 6-12 years are not attending school in urban areas, whereas, in rural areas a much higher (5.4%) percentage of students are not attending school. Similarly, for age groups 13-15 years, the rural-urban divide is still more glaring. In urban areas about 19.7% adolescents of that age group are not attending school, whereas the figure climbs up to 47% for rural areas.
Further, table 2 also shows significant differences in school attendance for richer and poorer students. In second column of the table, for the age group 6-12 years, 8% of children from the poorest (deciles 1 and 2) urban families are not attending school, compared to a much lower 0.3% children from richest urban families (deciles 9 and 10). Further, from table 2, comparing across rural-urban, for the same poverty level, we find that for this age group (6-12 years), the rate of non attendance for the poorest urban families (deciles 1 and 2) is even higher (8.0%) than that for poorest rural families (deciles 1 and 2), which is 6.9%.
Further, I discuss the variation in student achievement for the different categories of students in the following paragraphs.
TABLE 3: Primary Completion rates of 14 or 15 year olds
|
Criterion |
Year |
Urban |
Rural |
Quartile of Income in Urban areas | |||
|
Q1 |
Q2 |
Q3 |
Q4 | ||||
|
Percentage of children who have completed six grades of Primary Education at age 14 or 15 |
1994 |
90.1 |
67.5 |
83.7 |
93.0 |
94.3 |
99.6 |
Source: CEPAL (1999) : Reimers (2000)
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