In this context, the 451 makes sense.  But if intentionally failing a
softfail/neutral response in ASSP, a 550 response would be more
appropriate for obvious reasons.

I have noticed the repeating SPF-blocked retries while monitoring my
[sendAllSpam] mailbox during beta testing.  All of the attempts for my
domain have indeed been spam, so it never became in issue.  But it has
the potential to.

Wim Borghs wrote:
> The 451 softfail response probably came from rfc 4408 section 2.5.5:
>
>   A "SoftFail" result should be treated as somewhere between a "Fail"
>   and a "Neutral".  The domain believes the host is not authorized but
>   is not willing to make that strong of a statement.  Receiving
>   software SHOULD NOT reject the message based solely on this result,
>   but MAY subject the message to closer scrutiny than normal.
>
>   The domain owner wants to discourage the use of this host and thus
>   desires limited feedback when a "SoftFail" result occurs.  For
>   example, the recipient's Mail User Agent (MUA) could highlight the
>   "SoftFail" status, or the receiving MTA could give the sender a
>   message using a technique called "greylisting" whereby the MTA can
>   issue an SMTP reply code of 451 (4.3.0 DSN code) with a note the
>   first time the message is received, but accept it the second time.
>
> so according to this it is suggested to handle spf results as:
> spf pass -> further processing without greylisting (2xx)
> spf softfail -> respond with greylisting test, if there is a 2nd try
> (passes greylisting test) -> further processing
> spf fail -> reject mail (5xx)
>
> But since assp handles greylisting before spf-validation it has no use
> to delay the message again.
> Anyway, I also see no use for a softfail-error setting, only a use for
> options to intentionally fail spf-softfail and spf-neutral
> transactions which would mean using the spf-failed reply instead of
> accepting...
>
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http://sel.as-us.falkag.net/sel?cmd=lnk&kid=120709&bid=263057&dat=121642
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