Setting -Werror in a Makefile.am affects the handling of Makefile.am
files treated later by the same automake process (more precisely, the
same thread):

sub/Makefile.am:
AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS = -Werror
# no warnings happen in this file

Makefile.am:
AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS = -Wall
# redefined variable warning
VAR = 1
VAR = 2

AUTOMAKE_JOBS=2 automake      # zero exit status
unset AUTOMAKE_JOBS; automake # nonzero
automake Makefile             # zero because we see no -Werror

I'm pushing this fix to maint, for master and branch-1.11.

Thanks,
Ralf

    Fix per-Makefile.am setting of -Werror.
    
    Before this patch, 'AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS = -Werror' in one
    Makefile.am would carry over to other Makefile.am files
    treated afterwards by the same thread, causing inconsistent
    and unstable exit status values.
    
    * lib/Automake/Channels.pm (dup_channel_setup)
    (drop_channel_setup): Save and restore the setting of
    $warnings_are_errors.
    * tests/werror3.test: New test.
    * tests/Makefile.am: Adjust.
    * NEWS: Update.

diff --git a/NEWS b/NEWS
index 5af2439..fee7f83 100644
--- a/NEWS
+++ b/NEWS
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ Bugs fixed in 1.11.0a:
   - Several scripts as well as the parallel-tests testsuite driver now
     exit with the right exit status upon receiving a signal.
 
+  - A per-Makefile.am setting of -Werror does not carry over to the
+    handling of other Makefile.am files any more.
 
 New in 1.11:
 
diff --git a/lib/Automake/Channels.pm b/lib/Automake/Channels.pm
index 223d8d2..050ba05 100644
--- a/lib/Automake/Channels.pm
+++ b/lib/Automake/Channels.pm
@@ -710,8 +710,9 @@ entry, while C<drop_channel_setup ()> just deletes it.
 
 =cut
 
-use vars qw (@_saved_channels);
+use vars qw (@_saved_channels @_saved_werrors);
 @_saved_channels = ();
+...@_saved_werrors = ();
 
 sub dup_channel_setup ()
 {
@@ -721,12 +722,14 @@ sub dup_channel_setup ()
       $channels_copy{$k1} = {%{$channels{$k1}}};
     }
   push @_saved_channels, \%channels_copy;
+  push @_saved_werrors, $warnings_are_errors;
 }
 
 sub drop_channel_setup ()
 {
   my $saved = pop @_saved_channels;
   %channels = %$saved;
+  $warnings_are_errors = pop @_saved_werrors;
 }
 
 =item C<buffer_messages (@types)>, C<flush_messages ()>
diff --git a/tests/Makefile.am b/tests/Makefile.am
index 7e14b1c..eb63337 100644
--- a/tests/Makefile.am
+++ b/tests/Makefile.am
@@ -746,6 +746,7 @@ vtexi2.test \
 warnopts.test \
 werror.test \
 werror2.test \
+werror3.test \
 whoami.test \
 xsource.test \
 xz.test \
diff --git a/tests/werror3.test b/tests/werror3.test
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..96b4ff3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/werror3.test
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#! /bin/sh
+# Copyright (C) 2010  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+#
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+# any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+# Make sure a per-Makefile.am -Werror setting is not carried over
+# to another Makefile.am.
+
+. ./defs || Exit 1
+
+set -e
+
+cat >>configure.in <<\END
+AC_CONFIG_FILES([sub/Makefile])
+AC_OUTPUT
+END
+
+mkdir sub
+cat >sub/Makefile.am <<\END
+AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS = -Werror
+END
+cat >Makefile.am <<\END
+VAR = foo
+VAR = bar
+END
+
+$ACLOCAL
+
+# The issue would not manifest with threaded execution.
+unset AUTOMAKE_JOBS || :
+AUTOMAKE_run 0 -Wno-error
+grep 'VAR multiply defined' stderr
+
+AUTOMAKE_JOBS=2
+export AUTOMAKE_JOBS
+AUTOMAKE_run 0 -Wno-error
+grep 'VAR multiply defined' stderr
+:


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