Thanks for that explanation, Tomas.

In one case, the surname Canada apparently derives from canyon (similar to 
ravine).

A line with the Bartolomeu surname changed it to Canada during their 
immigration process to California. As one descendent wrote, “because the 
father owned land in a canyon (cañada) in the Azores,” referring to Santa 
Cruz das Flores.

Although cañada is defined as glade/dell or gully/ravine in Spanish, this 
topographical feature somehow also became a geographic place name in 
Portugal and France. This is discussed in:

Marshall, A Elliot. 1888. Origin of the Name ‘Canada.’ Pp. 164-173 in A. 
Marshall Elliot, ed. Modern Language Notes, Vol. III. Baltimore, MD.

Marshall describes the use of canada for path in Portuguese, but discusses 
the second sense of the Latin word root, relating it to Spanish and 
Portuguese.

Regarding topographical features and place names, Marshall concludes:

“Again: the extensive use in Spain, as opposed to Portugal, of the word 
*canada* or *cañada* as a geographical designation, would argue in favor 
of the probable origin of the name on Spanish soil…”

and he notes, in addition:

“But not alone in Spain do we find the word *Canada* widely used for 
marking topographical sites. On the map of France, we note seven places of 
this name scattered throughout as many different Départements, in all of 
which the same general characteristics exist that we have seen in the 
Spanish names…”

Steve

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