Thank you  this is the best and easiest to understand that I’ve heard yet

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> On Jul 2, 2019, at 8:30 AM, MaryAnn Santos <m...@nyu.edu> wrote:
> 
> Thank you for this explanation. It is very helpful.
> 
> Best,
> MaryAnn
> 
>> On Tue, Jul 2, 2019 at 5:35 AM Tomas Leal <tomasl...@comcast.net> wrote:
>> The XX configuration is tricky, which many either forget or do not realize. 
>> The Y-gene is so easy to follow because it always comes directly from father 
>> to son, father to son, at so on. My Y-gene is the exact same one my several 
>> times great-grandfather had (unless some genetic mutation occurred in 
>> between).
>> 
>> With a female child, each parent contributes an X gene. Which grandmother 
>> that particular X gene came from is another matter.
>> 
>> The X gene passed father to daughter had to come from the father's mother; 
>> however, she had an X gene from each parent, so the X gene the father passed 
>> on could have come either from his mother's mother or his mother's father. 
>> In turn, that X gene could have come from different grandmothers.
>> 
>> What this means is full sisters can have different X genes via their mother, 
>> as the one from their mother passed could have come from any one of three 
>> grandmothers (either of two passed from the mother's parents or  one passed 
>> by the father)! Add in great-grandmothers and it's even more complicated.
>> 
>> In the case presented here, the fathers were different so the X gene each 
>> one passed could be from a different grandmother as well. Thus, we can see 
>> the importance of "triangulation" of getting DNA samples from first cousins 
>> for comparisons, in addition to that from siblings.
>> 
>> Tomás Leal
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> 
> 
> -- 
> MaryAnn Santos
> Senior Advisement and Student Affairs Administrator
> Department of Art and Art Professions
> NYU/Steinhardt
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> m...@nyu.edu
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