Holger Parplies wrote:
>
> Les Mikesell wrote on 2009-07-07 12:17:56 -0500 [Re: [BackupPC-users]
> Hardware considerations for building dedicated backuppc server]:
>> Filipe Brandenburger wrote:
>>> On Mon, Jul 6, 2009 at 23:57, Les Mikesell<[email protected]> wrote:
>>>> The only thing that seems slightly strange in the graphs is the load
>>>> average
>>>> going to 12 as the backups start and staying there a couple of hours.
>>>> Normally
>>>> that's the average number of 'other' processes that are waiting for CPU but
>>>> otherwise runnable (i.e. not themselves blocked on i/o).
>>> I used to think that, but in fact processes that are blocked in disk
>>> i/o (the ones in "D" state) do count in load average. So the load
>>> average of 12 in this case probably means processes writing to the
>>> disk.
>> That must be a Linux quirk (bug?) but it does explain some numbers I've
>> seen.
>
> if it is, it's inherited at least from SunOS (and HP-UX, if I remember
> correctly). I haven't been using Solaris for quite a while, so I can't say
> if the load on NFS clients still goes up when NFS servers go down. SunOS 5.10
> w(1) documents the load to mean "average number of jobs in the run queue",
> which should *not* include processes waiting for I/O. Probably a Solaris quirk
> (bug?) though.
>
> Both ways of defining load make sense. Processes waiting for short term disk
> I/O are using resources (and would probably be running if the disk was simply
> faster). NFS I/O is not necessarily "short term", but that's a different
> matter.
It doesn't make sense to me to consider a process runnable when it is
waiting for a hardware operation to complete - the scheduler should be
ignoring it. I suppose if the disk in question is an IDE that the CPU
has to micro-manage it might make sense to blame the application for the
CPU use even if the kernel is doing it.
> Linux uptime(1) documents what "system load" means on Linux.
>
> Wherever it matters, you won't be looking at a single figure to measure your
> system's state anyway.
Yes, the load average in mostly just useful to tell you if a faster CPU
would help, but it isn't even good for that if it counts things that
couldn't use the CPU anyway.
--
Les Mikesell
[email protected]
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