http://www.lalecheleague.org/FAQ/smoking.html
Frequently Asked Questions
Our FAQs present information from La Leche League International on topics
of interest to parents of breastfed children. Not all of the information may
be pertinent to your family's lifestyle. This information is general in
nature and not intended to be advice, medical or otherwise. If you have a
serious breastfeeding problem or concern, you are strongly encouraged to
talk directly to a La Leche League Leader. Please consult health care
professionals on any medical issue, as La Leche League Leaders are not
medical practitioners.
Is it safe for a smoker to breastfeed her baby? What about using the
nicotine patch and other smoking cessation aids?
Today, most people are aware of the health risks associated with cigarette
smoking, both for the smoker and those around them. Pregnancy is often a
good incentive for a woman to cut down or quit entirely. If a mother smokes
cigarettes, her baby can still enjoy the benefits of breastfeeding. But the
more cigarettes a mother smokes, the greater the health risks for both her
and her baby- whether he is breastfed or bottle-fed.
According to LLLI's THE BREASTFEEDING ANSWER BOOK, if the mother smokes
fewer than twenty cigarettes a day, the risks to her baby from the nicotine
in her milk are small. When a breastfeeding mother smokes more than twenty
to thirty cigarettes a day, the risks increase. Heavy smoking can reduce a
mother's milk supply and on rare occasions has caused symptoms in the
breastfeeding baby such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea.
(Vorherr 1974). By keeping smoking to a minimum, a mother can decrease the
risk. When a mother smokes a cigarette, the nicotine levels in her blood and
milk first increase and then decrease over time. The half-life of nicotine
(the amount of time it takes for half the nicotine to be eliminated from the
body) is ninety-five minutes. For this reason, a mother should avoid smoking
just before and certainly during a feeding.
Maternal smoking has been linked to early weaning, lowered milk
production, and inhibition of the milk ejection ("let-down") reflex. Smoking
also lowers prolactin levels in the blood. One study (Hopkinson et al 1992)
clearly suggests that cigarette smoking significantly reduces breast milk
production at two weeks postpartum from 514 milliliters per day in
non-smokers to 406 milliliters per day in smoking mothers. Mothers who smoke
also have slightly higher metabolic rates and may be leaner than non-smoking
mothers, therefore, caloric stores for lactation may be low and the mother
may need to eat more.
Smoking has been linked to fussiness. In one study, 40% of babies
breastfed by smokers were rated as colicky (two to three hours of
"excessive" crying) as compared with 26% of babies breastfed by nonsmokers
(Matheson and Rivrud 1989). It's important to note that this link between
smoking and colic has also been found with artificially fed babies with one
or more smokers in the home (Lawrence, p.519).
However the baby is fed, parents should avoid exposing him to second-hand
smoke by smoking in another room or preferably outside the house. Breathing
second-hand or "side-stream" smoke poses health risks. Researchers have
documented the health hazards to children when one or both parents smoke. In
one study (Colley and Corkhill 1974) researchers monitored the respiratory
health of 2,205 babies and found a significant correlation between parents'
smoking habits and the incidence of pneumonia, bronchitis, and SIDS during
their babies' first year of life. These increased risks are present in both
breastfed and bottle-fed infants.
Bottle-fed infants have a much higher incidence of respiratory illnesses
than breastfed infants. A bottle-fed baby whose mother or other household
members smoke would therefore be at even higher risk of these problems. Dr.
Jack Newman states "The risks of not breastfeeding are greater to the baby
than the risks of breastfeeding and smoking. The decision is up to the
mother and I would encourage her to breastfeed."
Due to the highly addictive nature of cigarette smoking, mothers who would
like to quit may wonder about the safety of smoking cessation aids which
replace nicotine. When used as directed, these products pose no more
problems for the breastfeeding infant than maternal smoking does.
According to the 1999 edition of "Medications And Mother's Milk" by Thomas
W. Hale, R.Ph., Ph.D., the blood level of nicotine in most smokers (20
cigarettes per day) approaches 44 nanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) whereas
levels in patch users average 17 ng/mL, depending on the dose in the patch.
Dr. Hale writes, "Therefore nicotine levels in milk can be expected to be
less in patch users than those found in smokers, assuming the patch is used
correctly and the mother abstains from smoking. Individuals who both smoke
and use the patch would have extremely high blood nicotine levels and could
endanger the nursing infant. Patches should be removed at bedtime to reduce
exposure of the infant and reduce side effects such as nightmares."
"With nicotine gum, maternal serum nicotine levels average 30-60% of those
found in cigarette smokers. While patches (transdermal systems) produce a
sustained and lower nicotine plasma level, nicotine gum may produce large
variations in blood plasma levels when the gum is chewed rapidly,
fluctuations similar to smoking itself. Mothers who choose to use nicotine
gum and breastfeed should be counseled to refrain from breastfeeding for 2-3
hours after using the gum product."
Last updated Tuesday, December 11, 2001 1:13 PM by bah.
-----Original Message-----
From: keysha safina arifianto [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Tuesday, January 03, 2006 5:23 PM
To: BA
Subject: [balita-anda] Tanya Artikel Bahaya Rokok
Dear Parents,
Mohon sharingnya dong.. temanku di kantor masih ASI tapi dia
ngerokok.. saya sudah ingetin bahayanya buat si baby tapi kok dia kayak
nggak percaya gitu dan tetep keukeh ngerokok..
Ada nggak parents yg punya artikel soal ini.. mbak Intan kali? saya
mau tunjukin ke dia..
Thanx before
Mama Keysha
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