Japanese Encephalitis
http://www.dhpe.org/infect/jpenceph.html
a.. Japanese encephalitis is a potentially severe viral disease that is
spread by infected mosquitoes in the agricultural regions of Asia.
b.. It is one of several mosquito-borne virus diseases that can affect the
central nervous system and cause severe complications and death.
c.. Japanese encephalitis can be a risk to travelers to rural areas where
the disease is common.
d.. There is no specific treatment for Japanese encephalitis.
e.. A vaccine is licensed for use in travelers whose itineraries might put
them at risk for Japanese encephalitis. All travelers should take
precautions to avoid mosquito bites to prevent Japanese encephalitis and
other mosquito-borne diseases.
What is Japanese encephalitis?
Japanese encephalitis is a disease that is spread to humans by infected
mosquitoes in Asia. It is one of a group of mosquito-borne virus diseases
that can affect the central nervous system and cause severe complications
and even death.
What is the infectious agent that causes Japanese encephalitis?
Japanese encephalitis is caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus, an
arbovirus. Arbovirus is short for arthropod-borne virus. Arboviruses are a
large group of viruses that are spread by certain invertebrate animals
(arthropods), most commonly blood-sucking insects. Like most arboviruses,
Japanese encephalitis is spread by infected mosquitoes.
Where is Japanese encephalitis found?
Japanese encephalitis is found throughout rural areas in Asia. Transmission
can also occur near urban areas in some developing Asian countries.
Japanese encephalitis is a seasonal disease that usually occurs in the
summer and fall in the temperate regions of China, Japan, and Korea. In
other places, disease patterns vary with rainy seasons and irrigation
practices.
How do people get Japanese encephalitis?
The Japanese encephalitis virus has a complex life cycle involving domestic
pigs and a specific type of mosquito, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, that lives in
rural rice-growing and pig-farming regions. The mosquito breeds in flooded
rice fields, marshes, and standing water around planted fields. The virus
can infect humans, most domestic animals, birds, bats, snakes, and frogs.
After infection, the virus invades the central nervous system, including the
brain and spinal cord.
What are the signs and symptoms of Japanese encephalitis?
Most infected persons develop mild symptoms or no symptoms at all. In people
who develop a more severe disease, Japanese encephalitis usually starts as a
flu-like illness, with fever, chills, tiredness, headache, nausea, and
vomiting. Confusion and agitation can also occur in the early stage. The
illness can progress to a serious infection of the brain (encephalitis) and
can be fatal in 30% of cases. Among the survivors, another 30% will have
serous brain damage, including paralysis.
How soon after exposure do symptoms appear?
Symptoms usually appear 6-8 days after the bite of an infected mosquito.
How is Japanese encephalitis diagnosed?
Diagnosis is based on tests of blood or spinal fluid.
How common is Japanese encephalitis?
Japanese encephalitis is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia,
where 30,000 to 50,000 cases are reported each year. The disease is very
rare, however, in U.S. travelers to Asia.
The chance that a traveler to Asia will get Japanese encephalitis is very
small: 1) only certain mosquito species can spread Japanese encephalitis; 2)
in areas infested with mosquitoes, only a small portion of the mosquitoes
are usually infected with Japanese encephalitis virus; 3) among persons who
are infected by a mosquito bite, only 1 in 50 to 1 in 1,000 will develop an
illness. As a result, fewer than 1 case per year is reported in U.S.
civilians and military personnel traveling to and living in Asia. Only 5
cases among Americans traveling or working in Asia have been reported since
1981.
Who is at risk for Japanese encephalitis?
Anyone can get Japanese encephalitis, but some people are at an increased
risk:
a.. People living in rural areas where the disease is common
b.. Active-duty military deployed to areas where the disease is common
c.. Travelers to rural areas where the disease is common (very small
increased risk)
What is the treatment for Japanese encephalitis?
There is no specific treatment for Japanese encephalitis. Antibiotics are
not effective against viruses, and no effective anti-viral drugs have been
discovered. Care of patients centers on treatment of symptoms and
complications.
How can Japanese encephalitis be prevented?
A vaccine is licensed for use in U.S. travelers to rural areas where the
disease is common. The vaccine is recommended only for persons who plan to
travel in these areas for 4 weeks or more, except in special circumstances
such as an ongoing outbreak of disease.
Because of the potential for other mosquito-borne diseases in Asia, all
travelers should take steps to avoid mosquito bites. The mosquitoes that
transmit Japanese encephalitis feed mainly outside during the cooler hours
at dusk and dawn. Travelers should minimize outdoor activities at these
times, use mosquito repellent on exposed skin, and stay in air-conditioned
or well-screened rooms. Travelers to rural areas should use a bednet and
aerosol room insecticides.
This fact sheet is for information only and is not meant to be used for
self-diagnosis or as a substitute for consultation with a health-care
provider. If you have any questions about the disease described above,
consult a health-care provider.
----- Original Message -----
From: "Habib & Ivy Baehaki" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: <balita-anda@balita-anda.com>
Sent: Thursday, December 07, 2006 2:24 PM
Subject: [balita-anda] Tanya Japanese Enchepalitis
Dear moms and dads...
mau tanya niiih... ada yang punya artikel tentang penyakit Japanese
Enchepalitis nggak...?
Please, tolongin yaaa..... sedang perlu banget niiih...
Makasih banyak ya sebelumnya....
salam,
Ivy mama shafa n Qika
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