Semoga artikel di bawah ini dapat menjadi pertimbangan buat teman mbak.
Menurut artikel berikut, ibu menyusui yg merokok dapat berakibat fatal
pada bayi. Yaitu meningkatkan resiko defisiensi Iodine yg berakibat
rusaknya otak pada anak.
Lulu
" Adalah hak setiap pasangan utk memiliki anak atau tidak. Tetapi begitu
anak lahir, ASI adalah hak mutlak anak yg harus diberikan orang tua. "
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Dari : www.breastfeed.com
Smoking Reduces Iodine Transfer in Breast Milk
Mothers who smoke and breastfeed may be depriving their children of proper
amounts of iodine, say authors of a study published in a recent issue of
the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism.
The iodine in breast milk supports proper thyroid function in the child,
say Danish researchers, and smoking interferes with the transfer of iodine
to mammary glands and breast milk. "Smoking during the period of
breastfeeding increases the risk of iodine deficiency-induced brain damage
in the child," say the authors. "Women who breastfeed should not smoke,
but if they do, an extra iodine supplement should be considered."
(4-20-04)
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Dari : www.lalecheleague.org
Is it safe for a smoker to breastfeed her baby? What about using the
nicotine patch and other smoking cessation aids?
Today, most people are aware of the health risks associated with cigarette
smoking, both for the smoker and those around them. Pregnancy is often a
good incentive for a woman to cut down or quit entirely. If a mother
smokes cigarettes, her baby can still enjoy the benefits of breastfeeding.
But the more cigarettes a mother smokes, the greater the health risks for
both her and her baby- whether he is breastfed or bottle-fed.
According to LLLI's THE BREASTFEEDING ANSWER BOOK, if the mother smokes
fewer than twenty cigarettes a day, the risks to her baby from the
nicotine in her milk are small. When a breastfeeding mother smokes more
than twenty to thirty cigarettes a day, the risks increase. Heavy smoking
can reduce a mother's milk supply and on rare occasions has caused
symptoms in the breastfeeding baby such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal
cramps, and diarrhea. (Vorherr 1974). By keeping smoking to a minimum, a
mother can decrease the risk. When a mother smokes a cigarette, the
nicotine levels in her blood and milk first increase and then decrease
over time. The half-life of nicotine (the amount of time it takes for half
the nicotine to be eliminated from the body) is ninety-five minutes. For
this reason, a mother should avoid smoking just before and certainly
during a feeding.
Maternal smoking has been linked to early weaning, lowered milk
production, and inhibition of the milk ejection ("let-down") reflex.
Smoking also lowers prolactin levels in the blood. One study (Hopkinson et
al 1992) clearly suggests that cigarette smoking significantly reduces
breast milk production at two weeks postpartum from 514 milliliters per
day in non-smokers to 406 milliliters per day in smoking mothers. Mothers
who smoke also have slightly higher metabolic rates and may be leaner than
non-smoking mothers, therefore, caloric stores for lactation may be low
and the mother may need to eat more.
Smoking has been linked to fussiness. In one study, 40% of babies
breastfed by smokers were rated as colicky (two to three hours of
"excessive" crying) as compared with 26% of babies breastfed by nonsmokers
(Matheson and Rivrud 1989). It's important to note that this link between
smoking and colic has also been found with artificially fed babies with
one or more smokers in the home (Lawrence, p.519).
However the baby is fed, parents should avoid exposing him to second-hand
smoke by smoking in another room or preferably outside the house.
Breathing second-hand or "side-stream" smoke poses health risks.
Researchers have documented the health hazards to children when one or
both parents smoke. In one study (Colley and Corkhill 1974) researchers
monitored the respiratory health of 2,205 babies and found a significant
correlation between parents' smoking habits and the incidence of
pneumonia, bronchitis, and SIDS during their babies' first year of life.
These increased risks are present in both breastfed and bottle-fed
infants.
Bottle-fed infants have a much higher incidence of respiratory illnesses
than breastfed infants. A bottle-fed baby whose mother or other household
members smoke would therefore be at even higher risk of these problems.
Dr. Jack Newman states "The risks of not breastfeeding are greater to the
baby than the risks of breastfeeding and smoking. The decision is up to
the mother and I would encourage her to breastfeed."
Due to the highly addictive nature of cigarette smoking, mothers who would
like to quit may wonder about the safety of smoking cessation aids which
replace nicotine. When used as directed, these products pose no more
problems for the breastfeeding infant than maternal smoking does.
According to the 1999 edition of "Medications And Mother's Milk" by Thomas
W. Hale, R.Ph., Ph.D., the blood level of nicotine in most smokers (20
cigarettes per day) approaches 44 nanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) whereas
levels in patch users average 17 ng/mL, depending on the dose in the
patch.
Dr. Hale writes, "Therefore nicotine levels in milk can be expected to be
less in patch users than those found in smokers, assuming the patch is
used correctly and the mother abstains from smoking. Individuals who both
smoke and use the patch would have extremely high blood nicotine levels
and could endanger the nursing infant. Patches should be removed at
bedtime to reduce exposure of the infant and reduce side effects such as
nightmares."
"With nicotine gum, maternal serum nicotine levels average 30-60% of those
found in cigarette smokers. While patches (transdermal systems) produce a
sustained and lower nicotine plasma level, nicotine gum may produce large
variations in blood plasma levels when the gum is chewed rapidly,
fluctuations similar to smoking itself. Mothers who choose to use nicotine
gum and breastfeed should be counseled to refrain from breastfeeding for
2-3 hours after using the gum product."
Last updated Tuesday, December 11, 2001 1:13 PM
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