Mbak, ini saya forwardkan dari milis SEHAT... Saya juga masih dalam tahap belajar, jadi saya gak comment apa2...:)
-----Original Message----- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Friday, July 15, 2005 3:44 PM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Fw: [sehat] Re-Send FAQs (frequently asked questions) about MMR Vaccine & Autism P'Harry dan para SPs yg baru bergabung, ini saya repost soal tidak adanya kaitan antara MMR dan Autis.. semoga menghapus keraguan para SPs. salam, -henny silviana- bundanya alghifari & attar ----- Forwarded by Henny Silviana/DEV/PIN on 07/15/05 03:41 PM ----- "Reyna Miranda" <[EMAIL PROTECTED] > To <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> 04/13/05 09:58 AM cc Subject Please respond to [sehat] Re-Send FAQs (frequently [EMAIL PROTECTED] asked questions) about MMR Vaccine .com & Autism mods dan dokterku.. re-send ini artikel yang dimaksud.. sebetulnya banyakan kumpulan jawaban dari member sehat.. dibawah ini sudah saya tambahkan artikel dalam bahasa indonesia yang memperkuat statement dokter wati pada tgl 4 maret 2005, di kiriman saya yang sebelumnya, memang belum saya sertakan. artikel itu dari republika.. mungkin ada smart parents yang membutuhkan, kalau-kalau pusing baca yang dalam bahasa inggris mudah-mudahan bermanfaat.. much love, reyna ----- Original Message ----- From: Reyna Miranda To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Tuesday, March 22, 2005 5:57 PM Subject: Re: [berbadan-dua] FAQs (frequently asked questions) about MMR V accine & Autism dear mom... apanya ya yang berhati-hati? :)) WHO itu bukannya internasional punya dan kiblat medis dunia? saya lebih berpegang pada situs2 yang bisa di ambil kebenarannya daripada ambil dari situs2 lain yang ngga genah.. :)) setau saya, saya kirim selalu menyertakan situs-situs yang berhubungan dan memperkuat statement2 tersebut.. statement dari dokter wati hanya satu dari banyak suara yang berkepentingan di indonesia yang menyerukan hal yang sama. kan mbak bisa liat sendiri di : 1. www.who.int : coba liat disini http://www.who.int/vaccine_safety/topics/mmr/mmr_autism/en/ : Based on the extensive review presented, GACVS concluded that no evidence exists of a causal association between MMR vaccine and autism or autistic disorders. http://www.who.int/vaccine_safety/topics/mmr/mmr_autism/en/ http://www.who.int/vaccine_safety/topics/thiomersal/en/ kalo masih blom puas, mo ubek-ubek lagi silahkan klik disini : http://search1.who.int/search?ie=utf8&site=who_main&client=who_main&proxysty lesheet=who_main&output=xml_no_dtd&oe=utf8&q=MMR+and+autism&btnG.x=23&btnG.y =7&btnG=Submit 2. www.cdc.gov (centers for disease control and prevention) : http://www.cdc.gov/nip/vacsafe/concerns/autism/cadata.htm : A follow-up analysis of the data published in 2001 showed that there is no association between autism rates in California and the proportions of young children in this state who have received Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) vaccine. http://www.cdc.gov/nip/vacsafe/concerns/autism/autism-mmr.htm di CDC ini ada situs Autis nya : Current scientific evidence does not support the hypothesis that measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, or any combination of vaccines, causes the development of autism, including regressive forms of autism. http://www.cdc.gov/nip/vacsafe/concerns/gen/multiplevac.htm kalo masih belum puas, mo ubek-ubek juga silahkan klik disini : http://www.cdc.gov/search.do?action=search&queryText=mmr+&x=0&y=0 3. www.idai.or.id yang menganjurkan vaksinasi MMR.. IDAI itu singkatan dari IKATAN DOKTER ANAK INDONESIA.. :)) jadi bukan dokter wati aja kan ya.. :) soalnya pasti ada ribuan dokter anak di indonesia.. dan sebagian sayangnya masih terjebak dalam issue autis dan MMR padahal sumber terpercaya internasional yaitu WHO dan UNICEF sendiri telah memberikan statement bahwa autis tidak berhubungan dengan MMR or HIB 4. http://www.aventispasteur.co.id jadi sebetulnya kalo mo kilah-kilah.. ato debat-debat.. ya silahkan aja klaim/ sue WHO, CDC, UNICEF dan badan-badan kesehatan dunia lainnya Beberapa kumpulan jawaban dari ortu yang anak2 mereka telah di imunisasi MMR dan tentu saja.. pendapat dokter purnamawati :)) Mudah-mudahan dibaca ya, soale ini kan dalam bahasa indonesia.. jadi moms/ dads dan moms/ dads to be.. bisa pertimbangkan lagi.. hmmm... mbak nensi minta satu pendapat dokter selain dokter wati di indo yang dipublish? coba baca kiriman nya ibu ade dibawah ini ya.. ada pendapat dari dokter erawan ==================================== Hanya mau nambahin and memperkuat komentarnya mbak Efi aja nih... Memang benar,gak perlu khawatir deh untuk kasih imunisasi ke anak. Kayaknya cuma di Indo aja deh banyak sekali orangtua yang "paranoid" buat kasih anaknya imunisasi, apalagi dengan cerita2 serem vaksinasi bisa bikin autis,etc.. sedihnya lagi autis malah dijadikan "lahan usaha" cari duit, cepat sekali memvonis anak mengidap autis. Kalau memang benar, wah anak2 di negara maju bisa dibilang hampir semuanya menderita autis dong karena vaksinasi adalah wajib (dan biaya 100% ditanggung oleh pemerintah)kalau imunisasi gak lengkap yah gak bisa sekolah or ditipin di TPA. Imunisasi salah satu wujud kita sayang sama anak... mending terlambat daripada tidak sama sekali. Semoga kekhawatiran memberikan imunisasi ke anak segera sirna and yakin dengan imunisasi kita telah memberikan yang terbaik buat buah hati kita. Regards, Shereen-bundanyasimamat ==================================== --- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], "Efi_Andra" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: Postingan udah pernah dibahas bahkan berulang kali, mba bisa lihat di posting beberapa bulan kebelakang. Hanya ingin mengutip pernyataan Dr. Wati (walau ga sama persis ya dok!) bahwa dunia medis ga menciptakan vaksin yang risknya lebih besar daripada benefitnya. Lebih baik kita terlambat daripada tidak sama sekali. Alhamdulillah hingga hari ini anak saya sehat2 saja baik dari segi pertumbuhan maupun perkembangannya walaupun telah mendapatkan semua vaksin termasuk Hib sebanyak 3x, hep B 3x, mmr dan tgl 11 nanti mau booster. Ga usah ragu mba. Yakin saja bahwa Tuhan ga mungkin menciptakan vaksin melalui tangan manusia yaitu para ahlinya yang bisa menyengsarakan umatnya. Semoga membantu & berkenan Efi_Andra's mom ==================================== Mba shereen - 1 Maret 2005 Dear Bapaknya Lula, Pak gak usah khawatir... informasi yang dokternya kasih tuh ngaco besarrrrrrrrrrrrr.... lah yang katanya untuk pertumbuhan kecerdasan otak aja itu udah salah loh.... (hehehe.. jangan2 ijazah beli nehh) MMR itu immunisasi untuk penyakit mumps, measles and rubella... Imunisasi MMR sudah menyelamatkan jutaan anak di dunia.. Kalau untuk kecerdasan otak mah cukup dengan stimulasi dan asupan gizi yang seimbang gak perlu pake immunisasi... (cmmiiw yaaaaaaaaaaaaa dok, sps) Sekadar sharing pak, kebetulan saya tinggal di Aust, di sini and dinegara maju lainnya, MMR adalah salah satu imunisasi wajib, dimana kalau anak gak lengkap imunisasinya anak gak bisa dititipkan di childcare or masuk sekolah. Kalau memang imunisasi MMR dapat menimbulkan autis wahhh kalau gitu hampir semua anak disini dan dinegara yang mewajibkan imunisasi MMR kena autis semua donggg.... Untuk menentukan seorang anak terkena autis atau tidak juga gak gampang processnya... tidak hanya anak terlambat bicara langsung di cap autis... tragis sekaliii...... COba deh bapak buka files di milis sehat mengenai imunisasi.. kalau gak bisa kabari saya nanti saya japri. Semoga bisa membantu Regards, Shereen-bundanyasimamat ================================== Dr Wati Br 27 D (10 Okt 2004) EFEK SAMPING IMUNISASI - GUNARTA Sudah sering lho dibahas; coba deh buka pasyin gan terdahulu Wah kalau brenar imunisasi bikin autis, kalian bisa "sue" WHO, Unicef, DepKes, Satgas imunisasi, pabrik vaksin, dokternya. kalau benar bikin autis, pasti sudah dilarang sama seperti dulu thalidomide dilarang dipasarkan setelah timbul efek samping kalau benar bikin autis, bera[a ratus juta anak di seluruh dunia yg setiap tahunnya jadi autis? TK, SD, Playgroup di jakarta penuh anak autis dong. Nah, itu misconception yg amat sangat keliru yg sedihnya.... justru dimanfaatkan ooleh pihak2 tertentu buat "melakukan" suplemen, latihan bicara lah , sekolah khusus lah dll dll So, be smart, vaccination is an act of love Itu kata ketua AAP Ok sudah dulu ya, agak lelah wati ==================================== Dr Wati BR 19A (16 Agustus 2004) ENSEFALITIS Terimakasih atas asupan2 tentang ensefalitis. Ada yang tanya gejalanya apa, sebetulnya awalnya tdk ada gejala yg khas, tetapi selanjutnya terjadi penurunan kesadaran, ubun2 besar membonjol dan kejang2 (kejangnya berulang dan lama, dan setelah kejang tidak sadar). Bisanya lalu dikerjakan pengambilan cairan otak untuk menentukan diagnosisnya Penyebabnya banyak; salah satunya memang virus campak; nah inilah sebabnya mengapa seluruh dunia dan badan kesehatan dunia sangat concern perihal imunisasi campak dan MMR Penyebab lainnya adalah virus herpes simplex seprti yg sudah dibahas para SP. Semoga membantu ya Tapi kalau kurang jelas, browse aja encephalitis kalau HiB atau kuman Hemophylus Influenza B itu kuman - ia menyebabkan infeksi di saluran napas atas termasuk pita suara dan sekitarnya, salah satu komplikasinya ya meningitis Badan kesehatan internasional merekomendasikan imunisasi HiB pada bayi mulai usia 2 bulan (bareng dengan DPT) jadi kasihnya 3 kali yaitu 2, 4, 6 bulan. Malaysia sudah jadi imunisasi wajib dan di cover pemerintah. Indonesia belum, jadi kalian minta sama DSAnya ========================================= Dr Wati BR 42 B (1 maret 2005) 6. MMR DAN AUTIS - JAMET - 280205 Thanks buat SP yang sudah menanggapi (Mariska ya?) Baca deh Horizon perihal misconception ... Saya cuma mau mengomentari statementmu: imuniasi MMR (katanya untuk pertumbuhan kecerdasan otak) Imunisasi MMR (M=Measles; M=Mumps; R=Rubella) bukan untuk kecerdasan otak ... dan kamu bisa browse ketiga penyakit ini dan bahanya bagi anak yang trerkena penyakit ini (bisa juga kamu cari postingan terdahulu) Saat ini ... akibat misconception perihal ini ... cakupan imunisasi MMR menurun sehingga campak pun meningkat dan angka kematian akibat campak pun meningkat Anak ertamu ... alhamdullillaah sudah di MMR ... sehingga dia terselamat dari ptensi terkena penyakit yang fatal... ============================= Dr Wati BR 42D (4 maret 2005) REPUBLIKA HARI INI: VAKSINASI MMR TIDAK MENYEBABKAN AUTISME (hal 3) ... tolong baca Ada 2 statement penting. 1. Profesor Michel Rutter - Institute of Psychiatry "Sebetulnya temuan kami secara jelas telah mengungkap tidak ada kaitan antara autisme dan vaksinasi MMR. 2. Yokohama Rehabilitation Center & Institute of Psychiatry Sebelum isu autis ... vaksinasi MMR tahun 1988 69.8%. Tahun 1990 merosot menjadi 33.6%; tahun 1992 1.8%. Peneliti dari institusi ini meneliti sekitar 31 ribu anak berusia 7 tahun (kelahiran 1988 - 1996). HASIL: JUMLAH KASUS AUTIS TERUS MENINGKAT meskipun/SETELAH VAKSIN MMR DIHENTIKAN. Dari 10 ribu anak yang lahir tahun 1988, ditemukan 48 anak autis Angka ini terus meningkat menjadi 117.2 per 10 ribu anak yang lahir tahun 1996. NAH ITU TADI BUAT YANG MASIH JUGA MERAGUKAN IMUNISASI ini artikelnya : Vaksinasi MMR tidak Menyebabkan Autisme LONDON -- Vaksinasi MMR (measles, mumps, dan rubella) untuk penyakit campak, gondongan, dan rubella tidak terbukti menyebabkan autisme. Temuan Institute of Psychiatry ini sejalan dengan fakta tetap meningkatnya jumlah penderita autisme meski vaksinasi campak, gondong, dan rubella itu tidak lagi diberikan. Meski didukung dengan bukti yang kuat, temuan terbaru ini tidak serta merta dipercayai para pengkampanye autisme. Mereka ingin melihat lebih banyak bukti sebelum meyakini keamanan suntikan MMR. ''Sebetulnya, temuan kami secara jelas telah mengungkap tidak adanya kaitan antara autisme dengan vaksinasi MMR,'' jelas Profesor Michael Rutter dari Institute of Psychiatry kepada BBC. Kekhawatiran akan adanya hubungan antara autisme dengan vaksinasi MMR mencuat di tahun 1998. Itu terjadi setelah hasil penelitian Dr Andrew Wakefield diterbitkan di Lancet. Wakefield menyimpulkan MMR dapat memicu terjadinya autisme. Kendati demikian, sejauh ini belum ada satu pun penelitian yang pernah membuktikan keterkaitan tersebut. Umumnya, para pakar yakin vaksin MMR aman. Keyakinan itu rupanya tidak membuat warga Inggris merasa lebih aman. Hingga kini, masih banyak yang menolak untuk divaksinasi MMR. Sementara itu, untuk membuktikan tidak adanya hubungan antara vaksin MMR dan autisme, Rutter dan rekan memantau tingkat autisme pascapenarikan vaksin MMR. Jepang menarik pasokan vaksin MMR setelah mempertimbangkan kemungkinan turunan vaksin gondong yang terkandung dalam vaksin MMR terkait dengan kasus meningitis. Jepang pun akhirnya memilih memberikan vaksin terpisah bagi warganya. Sejak pasokannya ditarik, pemberian vaksin MMR turun drastis. Program vaksinasi yang ditujukan untuk anak berusia satu tahun itu di tahun 1988 diikuti oleh 69,8 persen anak. Persentasenya merosot menjadi 33,6 persen di tahun 1990. Dua tahun kemudian, 1992, anak yang menerima vaksinasi MMR hanya 1,8 persen. Peneliti dari Yokohama Rehabilitation Center dan Institute of Psychiatry kemudian mempelajari spektrum autisme pada 31.426 anak yang usianya maksimal tujuh tahun dengan tahun kelahiran 1988 hingga 1996. Penelitian yang dipublikasikan pula di Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry ini membuktikan jumlah kasus autisme terus meningkat setelah program vaksinasi MMR dihentikan. Dari 10 ribu anak yang lahir tahun 1988 ada 48 kasus autisme yang ditemukan. Angka itu tetap meningkat menjadi 117,2 per 10 ribu anak yang lahir tahun 1996. Menurut Rutter, kalau vaksin MMR benar-benar menyebabkan autisme, semestinya jumlah penderita autisme akan merosot begitu vaksinnya ditarik. Karena tidak terbukti menyebabkan autisme, vaksin MMR patut dikatakan aman. ''Namun, kami tidak meneliti kemungkinan yang bisa saja dialami oleh sekelompok kecil anak yang rentan terhadap vaksin MMR,'' kata Rutter. Profesor Jean Golding dari Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bristol, mengatakan temuan Rutter sejalan dengan temuan lain yang lebih dulu dirampungkan. Dia pernah melakukan penelitian yang mencoba mengungkap penyebab autisme. Golding pun sepakat vaksin MMR tidak memicu autisme. Menanggapi luasnya kalangan yang menerima hasil penelitian Rutter, Jackie Fletcher selaku pengkampanye autisme menyarankan agar pemerintah Inggris melakukan uji klinis terhadap vaksin MMR. Pasalnya, sekitar 1.700 anak Inggris diyakini telah menderita akibat dampak negatif suntik MMR. ''Kami ingin mencegah anak-anak merasakan efek negatif vaksinasi MMR,'' ujarnya. ============================= AUTIS - RIKA ADINDA Thanks buat yg sudahmembantu Rika ... kamu juga bisa buka horizon ... lupa nomor berapa ... disitu ada misconception perihal imunisasi Tolong diingat ... imnisasi sedikitnya telah menyelamatkan 3 juta kematian per tahun ... Sesungguhnyalah .. vaccine is a miracle in medicine ... Proses penemuan dan pembuatan dan launching suatu vaksin merupakan proses yang panjaaaang, hard labor, mahalll ... dan mengapa semua pihak mesti bersusah payah seperti itu kalau memang imunisasi merugikan? Padahal ... implementasi program imunisasi itu merupakan kerjasama dankeputusan bersama dari banyak pihak seperti: 1. Organisasi internasional (WHO, Unicef) 2. Organisasi kemanusiaan (GAVI, PATH, dll) 3. Kebijakan nasional masing2 negara 4. Para peneliti dan institusi besarnya 5. Para pembuat vaksin Yang ditakutkan kalau KITA MEMUSUHI VAKSIN ... maraknya kembali penyakit infeksi yg semula sudah bisa "DIJINAKKAN" Mau kemana kita bersembunyi dan menyelamatkan anak cucu kita? ==================================== MMR dan imunisasi lainnya penyebab autis ????? ini cuplikan jawaban spesialis anak (purnamawati) yg sekarang mengisi di rubrik konsultasi cyberwoman ya.. bosan juga nih maaaf maaaf kalau ada efek samping sedahsyat itu, berapa ratus juta anak sdh autis? lalu Unicef, WHO, IDAI (dan satgas imunisasi) MESTI DITUNTUT DONG - kok gak ada yg berani nuntut? Seluruh dunia sangat khawatir dengen meningkatnya wabah penyakit menuluar yg menyebabkan meningkatnya angka kematian bayi dan anak Imunisasi merupakan upaya yg sangat cost-effective, aman, murah, mudah, dan TENTUNYA LEBIH ETIS (DALAM BAHASA AWAMNYA LEBIH MANUSIAWI) KETIMBANG MEMBIARKAN ANAK JATUH SAKIT. gak pernah lihat anak tuli akibat mumps/gondongan? Gak pernah lihat anak CP - vegetatif (hidup - tetapi seperti tanaman) akibat otaknya rusak - setelah terkena campak? Gak pernah lihat bayi baru lahir cacat (katarak, kelainan jantung, otaknya rusak dan kecil) akibat ibunya kena rubella? dll dll dll Biaya pembuatan vaksin itu sangat besar. Hard labor., makan waktu bertahun-tahun sebelum suatu vaksin di nyatakan aman (bukan sekedar efektif) bagi konsumennya Nah mengapa harus bersusah payah seperti itu? Berarti, dampak kemanuasiaannya sangat besar. Please be smart, for the sake of your children Jangan karena IMAGINARY SCARED, YOU PLACED YOU BABIES UNTO A REAL DANGER OF FATAL DISEASES. MENGANDALKAN SUATU KETAKUTAN YANG TIDAK BERALASAN - PARA ORANG TUA JUSTRU - MENGHADAPKAN ANAK2 MEREKA KE SUATU RISIKO TINGGI YANG BUKAN HANYA POTENSIAL MEMBAHAYAKAN JIWA, TETAPI JUGA MEMBUAT CACAT SEUMUR HIDUP. nahhhhhhh Pilihan terletak di tangan anda semua Pergunakanlah nalar - please please - for the sake of your children COBA BIASAKAN MELIHAT SESUATU DARI 2 SISI UNTUNG NYA DAN RUGINYA BESARAN YG MANA MANA YG PERSENTASENYA LEBIH TINGGI - EFEK YG MERUGIKAN KAH ATAU YANG MENGUNTUNGKAN liat juga pendapat dr erawan Ibu Hanifa yang baik, Ada beberapa pandangan saya mengenai hal ini : 1. Bahwa autisme sudah ada sejak jaman dulu sebelum ditemukannya vaksin MMR hanya saja alat/sarana untuk mendiagnosanya tidak secanggih sekarang sehingga dulu kadangkala dianggap anak dengan kelainan mental, dll. 2. Kandungan yang ada dalam vaksin yang selama ini dipermasalahkan adalah turunan merkuri (thimerosal) tetapi perlu ibu ketahui bahwa keracunan merkuri gejalanya sangat berbeda dengan autisme, ibu tentu masih ingat kasus minamata atau yang masih hangat kasus teluk buyat, mereka yang terkena dampak kasus tersebut tidak ada satupun dengan gejala autisme. Dari situ mungkin bisa kita ambil kesimpulan tidak adanya hubungan antara merkuri dengan autisme. Dan perlu ibu ketahui juga untuk vaksin MMR adalah free-thimerosal. Dan thimerosal-pun bukan turunan merkuri yang berbahaya (etil merkuri). 3. Hal paling penting yang perlu diperhatikan adalah sangat berbahaya jika kita sampai tidak memberikan vaksin kepada anak kita hanya karena isu-isu yang tidak jelas tersebut. Bagaimana dengan nasib anak-anak kita yang tidak terimunisasi? Akan lebih fatal akibatnya, sebagai contoh penyakit hepatitis-B dimana angka kejadian baru tiap tahunnya di Indonesia adalah 1 : 10 orang artinya setiap 1 orang dapat terinfeksi penyakit hepatitis-B diantara 10 orang di Indonesia. Apakah kita akan membiarkan hal tersebut terjadi pada anak kita? sedangkan kita sebetulnya bisa mencegahnya. Setuju tidak moms and dads ?? http://www.who.int/vaccine_safety/topics/mmr/mmr_autism/en/ http://www.who.int/vaccine_safety/topics/thiomersal/en/ http://www.aventispasteur.co.id ade ============================================== Dear Friends, Setelah dapat email dari mba shanti, saya jadi mau sharing pengalaman saya sendiri ttg. vaksin...dulu saya juga termasuk parents yang takut memberi vaksin, terutama mmr ke anak pertama saya, yah kurang lebih karena saya juga banyak dapet email serupa seperti yang dikirim mba shanti, saking paranoidnya, saya sempat tunda vaksin mmr. But itu dulu sebelum saya tahu ttg. kesehatan, terutama seputar kesehatan anak...setelah banyak baca artikel2 dari web site yang terpercaya, akhirnya membuka mata saya bahwa semua email2 yang dulu saya terima itu salah...sangat salah dan menyesatkan saya dan parents2 lainnya diseluruh dunia Pertama saya ingin menjelaskan ttg. thimerosal, zat merkuri yg terdapat didalam vaksin yg berguna sebagai bahan pengawet...berbeda dengan merkuri yang mencemarkan teluk jakarta, ethil merkuri adalah merkuri pasif yg. berarti non toksik, tidak berbahaya. Dari seorang dokter anak saya pernah mendengar bahwa proses penciptaan vaksin itu sangat mahal dan memakan waktu research yang tidak sebentar. Setiap vaksin itu harus teruji aman dan efektif, hal itu sudah merupakan prasyarat utama. Jadi secara logika aja, ngga mungkin thimerosal itu digunakan kalau membahayakan pengguna. Saya pikir malah ikan yang kita makan dari teluk jakarta lebih berbahaya, merkurinya bo...bacakan kompas?! Kedua, kenapa anak jadi autis tidak lama setelah vaksin MMR?! Pada umumnya orang tua baru melihat gejala autis pada anaknya ketika berumur diatas 1 tahun, dimana gejalanya adalah si anak mengalami speech delay/terlambat berbicara. Dan MMR adalah vaksin pertama yang diberikan ketika si anak berumur 12-15 bulan. Jadi tidak heran apabila dalam beberapa kasus ada anak terdeteksi autis tidak lama setelah diberikan vaksin MMR. Tapi ini bukanlah hubungan cause-effect tapi hanyalah kebetulan belaka. Kalau hal ini hubungan cause-effect, secara logika pasti puluhan jutaan anak didunia terkena autis, kalau memang demikian pasha seharusnya kena autis dong skrg. Tapi yang terjadi sekarang kasus anak terkena autis sangat2 sedikit bila dibandingkan dengan jumlah anak penerima vaksin MMR atau vaksin2 lainnya. Saya pernah baca artikel yang berjudul "Evidence does not support Thimerosal-Autism link", dimana bukti2nya diambil dari laporan demografi di denmark dari tahun 1971-2000. Sebelum tahun 1992, vaksin di denmark masih menggunakan thimerosal sebagai pengawet dan data menunjukkan jumlah kasus autis di denmark stabil. Namun mulai tahun 1990 kasus autis mulai menanjak dan mencapai puncaknya pada tahun 1999, yaitu beberapa tahun setelah penggunaan vaksin tanpa thimerosal di denmark. Berdasarkan data2 tsb. berarti tidak ada hubungan antara penggunaan thimerosal dengan autis. Ketiga, bahaya yang anak anda hadapkan dengan tidak/menunda pemberian vaksin bisa sangat fatal!! Tahukah anda akibat yang bisa disebabkan oleh virus MMR (measle, mumps & rubella)??!! virus measle dan rubella bisa menimubulkan radang otak atau viral encephalitis, dan bila terinfeksi bisa menyebabkan kerusakan pada otak atau bahkan kematian. beberapa kali saya terima email yg menceritakan anaknya atau anak temannya terkena radang otak ini, dan hal ini bukan tidak mungkin timbul krn. si anak tidak diberikan vaksin mmr...jadi jangan karena bahaya yg. tidak terbukti (mmr-autis), anak kita malah dihadapkan ke bahaya yang nyata2 dapat terjadi (bila tidak vaksin) Vaksin adalah tindakan yang sangat efektif karena itu merupakan tindakan preventive...mencegah sebelum terjadi jauh lebih baik daripada mengobati. Memang vaksin tidak memberikan proteksi 100%, tapi setidaknya bila si anak terkena penyakit yg sudah dpt. vaksinnya...kerugian yang ditimbulkan akan sangat berkurang. Ingat, Vaksin diciptakan untuk penyakit2 yang sering timbul dan gampang menular. Last but not least, vaccine is an act of love to your child (words taken from dr. purnamawati) Regards, Gendi Jatikusumah (father of pasha & sasi) ======================================================= http://www.cdc.gov/nip/vacsafe/concerns/autism/autism-mmr.htm FAQs (frequently asked questions) about MMR Vaccine & Autism (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella) At a glance: The weight of currently available scientific evidence does not support the hypothesis that MMR vaccine causes autism. CDC recognizes there is considerable public interest in this issue, and therefore supports additional research regarding this hypothesis. CDC is committed to maintaining the safest, most effective vaccine supply in history. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---- Frequently Asked Questions What is autism? Autism is a term that refers to a collection of neurologically-based developmental disorders in which individuals have impairments in social interaction and communication skills, along with a tendency to have repetitive behaviors or interests. The severity of autism varies greatly, from individuals with little speech and poor daily living skills, to others who function well in most settings. Autism is typically diagnosed during the toddler or preschool years, although some children are diagnosed at older ages. It has been reported that approximately 20 percent of children with autism experience a "regression;" that is, they have apparently normal development followed by a loss of communication and social skills. Boys are three-to-four times more likely to have autism than girls. Autism occurs in all racial, ethnic, and social groups. A variety of factors could be associated with some forms of autism, including infectious, metabolic, genetic, neurological, and environmental factors. Genetic factors and brain abnormalities at birth are considered to be some of the most recognized causes of autism. For more information, see CDC's autism site (http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/dd/ddautism.htm) Does the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine cause autism? Current scientific evidence does not support the hypothesis that measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, or any combination of vaccines, causes the development of autism, including regressive forms of autism. The question about a possible link between MMR vaccine and autism has been extensively reviewed by independent groups of experts in the U.S. including the National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Medicine. These reviews have concluded that the available epidemiologic evidence does not support a causal link between MMR vaccine and autism. What have studies found regarding MMR vaccine and autism? Epidemiologic studies have shown no relationship between MMR vaccination in children and development of autism: In 1997, the National Childhood Encephalopathy Study (NCES) was examined to see if there was any link between measles vaccine and neurological events. The researchers found no indication that measles vaccine contributes to the development of long-term neurological damage, including educational and behavioral deficits (Miller et al., 1997). A study by Gillberg and Heijbel (1998) examined the prevalence of autism in children born in Sweden from 1975-1984. There was no difference in the prevalence of autism among children born before the introduction of the MMR vaccine in Sweden and those born after the vaccine was introduced. In 1999, the British Committee on Safety of Medicines convened a "Working Party on MMR Vaccine" to conduct a systematic review of reports of autism, gastrointestinal disease, and similar disorders after receipt of MMR or measles/rubella vaccine. It was concluded that the available information did not support the posited associations between MMR and autism and other disorders. Taylor and colleagues (1999) studied 498 children with autism in the UK and found the age at which they were diagnosed was the same regardless of whether they received the MMR vaccine before or after 18 months of age or whether they were never vaccinated. Importantly, the first signs or diagnoses of autism were not more likely to occur within time periods following MMR vaccination than during other time periods. Also, there was no sudden increase in cases of autism after the introduction of MMR vaccine in the UK. Such a jump would have been expected if MMR vaccine was causing a substantial increase in autism. Kaye and colleagues (2001) assessed the relationship between the risk of autism among children in the UK and MMR vaccine. Among a subgroup of boys aged 2-5 years, the risk of autism increased almost 4 fold from 1988 to 1993, while MMR vaccination coverage remained constant at approximately 95% over these same years. Researchers in the U.S. found that among children born between 1980 and 1994 and enrolled in California kindergartens, there was a 373% relative increase in autism cases, though the relative increase in MMR vaccine coverage by the age of 24 months was only 14% (Dales et al., 2001). For more on this study, see California Data on Theory of Autism and MMR Immunization. Researchers in the UK (Frombonne & Chakrabarti, 2001) conducted a study to test the idea that a new form, or "new variant," of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) exists. This new variant IBD has been described as a combination of developmental regression and gastrointestinal symptoms occurring shortly after MMR immunization. Information on 96 children (95 immunized with MMR) who were born between 1992 and 1995 and were diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorder were compared with data from 2 groups of autistic patients (one group of 98 born before MMR was ever used and one group of 68 who were likely to have received MMR vaccine). No evidence was found to support a new syndrome of MMR-induced IBD/autism. For instance, the researchers found that there were no differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups with regard to when their parents first became concerned about their child's development. Similarly, the rate of developmental regression reported in the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups was not different; therefore, there was no suggestion that developmental regression had increased in frequency since MMR was introduced. Of the 96 children in the first group, no inflammatory bowel disorder was reported. Furthermore, there was no association found between developmental regression and gastrointestinal symptoms. Another group of researchers in the UK (Taylor et al., 2002) also examined whether MMR vaccination is associated with bowel problems and developmental regression in children with autism, looking for evidence of a "new variant" form of IBD/autism. The study included 278 cases of children with autism and 195 with atypical autism (cases with many of the features of childhood autism but not quite meeting the required criteria for that diagnosis, or with atypical features such as onset of symptoms after the age of 3 years). The cases included in this study were born between 1979 and 1998. The proportion of children with developmental regression or bowel symptoms did not change significantly from 1979 to 1988, a period which included the introduction of MMR vaccination in the UK in 1988. No significant difference was found in rates of bowel problems or regression in children who received the MMR vaccine before their parents became concerned about their development, compared with those who received it only after such concern and those who had not received the MMR vaccine. The findings provide no support for an MMR associated "new variant" form of autism and further evidence against involvement of MMR vaccine in autism. Madsen et al. (2002) conducted a study of all children born in Denmark from January 1991 through December 1998. There were a total of 537,303 children in the study; 440,655 of the children were vaccinated with MMR and 96,648 were not. The researchers did not find a higher risk of autism in the vaccinated than in the unvaccinated group of children. Furthermore, there was no association between the age at time of vaccination, the amount of time that had passed since vaccination, or the date of vaccination and the development of any autistic disorder. Though there were many more vaccinated than unvaccinated children in the study group, the sample was large enough to contain more statistical power than other MMR and autism studies. Therefore, this study provides strong evidence against the hypothesis that MMR vaccination causes autism. DeStefano et al. (2004) conducted a study to see if there was a difference in the age at which children with autism and without autism received their first MMR vaccination. The study's findings showed that children with autism received their first MMR vaccination at similar ages as children without autism. More information about this study can be found on the CDC's research on vaccines and autism web page. Are there studies that suggest there might be a connection between autism and MMR vaccine? The existing studies that suggest a causal relationship between MMR vaccine and autism have generated media attention. However, these studies have significant weaknesses and are far outweighed by the epidemiologic studies described above that have consistently failed to show a causal relationship between MMR vaccine and autism. The MMR-autism theory is based on the idea that intestinal problems, like Crohn's disease, are the result of viral infection and can contribute to the development of autism. The theory has its origins in research by Wakefield and colleagues (1989; 1990) which suggested that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is linked to persistent viral infection. In 1993, Wakefield and colleagues reported isolating measles virus in the intestinal tissue of persons with IBD. However, the validity of this finding was later called into question when it could not be reproduced by other researchers (Afzal, 1998; Iizuka et al., 2000). Thompson and colleagues (1995) suggested in a retrospective cohort study that MMR vaccine might be a risk factor for Crohn's disease. However, the selection and recall biases and the differences in data collection in this study were so substantial as to cast doubt on the validity of the findings. Two studies out of Sweden linked measles infection in utero to the development of IBD (Ekbom et al., 1994; Ekbom et al., 1996). However, these studies involved a very small number of cases and when researchers identified the persons to be included in the 1996 study, they had prior knowledge that cases of Crohn's disease had occurred in the offspring of two women who were infected with measles during pregnancy. This is called "selection bias" and limits the strength of the study. The MMR-autism theory came to the forefront when, in 1998, Wakefield and colleagues reviewed reports of children with bowel disease and regressive developmental disorders, mostly autism. The researchers suggested that MMR vaccination led to intestinal abnormalities, resulting in impaired intestinal function and developmental regression within 24 hours to a few weeks of vaccination. This hypothesis was based on 12 children. In 9 of the cases, the child's parents or pediatrician speculated that the MMR vaccine had contributed to the behavioral problems of the children in the study. There are a number of limitations in the Wakefield et al. (1998) study: The study used too few cases to make any generalizations about the causes of autism; only 12 children were included in the study. Further, the cases were referred to the researchers and may not be a representative sample of cases of autism. There were no healthy control children for comparison. As a result, it is difficult to determine whether the bowel changes seen in the 12 children included in the study were similar to changes in normal children, or to determine if the rate of vaccination in autistic children was higher than in the general population. The study did not identify the time period during which the cases were identified. In at least 4 of the 12 cases, behavioral problems appeared before the onset of symptoms of bowel disease; that is, the effect preceded the proposed cause. It is unlikely, therefore, that bowel disease or the MMR vaccine triggered the autism. In 2004, 10 of the 13 authors of the study retracted the paper's interpretation, stating that the data were insufficient to establish a causal link between MMR vaccine and autism (Murch et al., 2004) In another study that generated media attention and raised public concern in the UK (Uhlmann et al, 2002), researchers found measles virus fragments in the intestines of children with "new variant" IBD (children with both IBD and developmental disorder). Scientists looked for the presence of measles virus in the intestinal tissue of 91 children with new variant IBD and 70 "controls" (children without this type of IBD). The researchers found measles virus fragments in 75 out of the 91 children with "new variant" IBD, and in only 5 of the 70 controls. While this provides evidence for an association between the presence of measles virus and IBD in children with developmental disorder, it does not mean that the measles component of the MMR vaccine causes IBD or developmental disorder. As a commentary published with the article asserts, the data could just as easily be interpreted as indicating that the IBD or the developmental disorder cause the persistence of measles in the intestines (Morris & Aldulaimi, 2002). In addition, the researchers did not compare the virus found in the intestines of patients with the virus used in the MMR vaccine; nor did they provide information regarding whether or not the children in the study had been previously vaccinated with MMR or had previously contracted measles disease. The limitations of this study are further discussed in a letter written by the Director of CDC's National Immunization Program to the UK's Chief Medical Officer. What about the claim that the number of children with autism has been increasing ever since the MMR vaccine has been in use? Data from California (Department. of Developmental Services, 1999) have been used to illustrate an increase in cases of autism since the introduction of MMR vaccine. However, the data have been presented inaccurately (Fombonne, 2001). Fombonne (2001) lists several reasons why the data are misrepresented, for instance: the figures presented are based on numbers, not rates and do not account for population growth and changes in the composition of the population, changes in diagnostic definitions were not controlled in the report, and as in other areas of the country, children with autism are currently being diagnosed at earlier ages meaning that there will be an increase in the number of reported cases. A 2001 study (Dales et al.) used the autism case numbers provided by the California Department of Developmental Services and compared them with early childhood MMR immunization level estimates for California children. Results showed that for children born from 1980 through 1987, there was no major change in MMR immunization levels with the exception of a small increase in children born in 1988. This small increase was followed again by steady levels in children born through 1994. On the other hand, the cases of autism increased markedly, from 44 cases per 100,000 live births in 1980 to 208 cases per 100,000 live births in 1994. Even if one allows that a true increase in autism has occurred and the increase is not due to changes in diagnostic methods, diagnostic categorization, and improved identification of individuals with autism because of the level of services offered (Fombonne, 2001), this analysis shows that receipt of the MMR vaccine is not a factor. If it were a factor, one would expect the shape of the MMR level of immunization curve to be very similar to the autism case numbers. This is not the case, thus the analysis in this study argues against a link between MMR vaccination and autism. Would it be safer to separate the MMR vaccine into its individual components--in other words, give children three separate shots, at different times (e.g., six months or one year apart), instead of one combined shot? There is no confirmed scientific research or data to indicate that there is any benefit to separating the MMR vaccine into its individual components. A publication by Wakefield and Montgomery (2001) suggests that there is an increased risk of immune-mediated disease when the MMR vaccine is administered as one vaccine versus when the 3 vaccines are administered separately. The specific issue of the safety of multiple vaccines given as one vaccine was addressed by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) (1994, p.63). They stated that the number of separate antigens in a vaccine would not likely result in a significant burden on the immune system that would result in immunosuppression. The issue of multiple vaccines and immune dysfunction was addressed again by the IOM in 2002. An IOM Immunization Safety Review Committee concluded that a review of the available scientific evidence does not support the suggestion that the infant immune system is inherently incapable of handling the number of antigens that children are exposed to during routine immunizations. The IOM committee also did not suggest any need to change the current US vaccination schedule for MMR. Splitting the MMR vaccine into three separate doses given at three different times would cause more discomfort from additional injections and would leave children exposed to potentially serious diseases. For instance, if rubella vaccine were delayed, 4 million children would be susceptible to rubella for an additional 6 to 12 months. This would potentially allow otherwise preventable cases of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) to occur through transmission of rubella from infected children to pregnant women. Ironically, infection of pregnant woman with "wild" rubella virus is one of the few known causes of autism. Thus, by preventing rubella infection of pregnant women, MMR vaccine also prevents autism. Chess,S. Autism in children with congenital rubella. J Autism Child Schizophr. 1, 33-47 (1971). Chess,S. Follow-up report on autism in congenital rubella. J Autism Child Schizophr. 7, 69-81 (1977). Should a younger sibling of an autistic child, or a child of someone who has autism be vaccinated with MMR or other vaccines? Yes. Current scientific evidence does not show that MMR vaccine, or any combination of vaccines, causes the development of autism, including regressive forms of autism. A younger sibling or the child of someone who suffered a vaccine side effect usually can, and should, safely receive the same vaccine. This is especially true since the large majority of side effects after vaccination are local reactions and fever, which do not represent a contraindication. Should we delay vaccination until we know more about the negative effects of vaccines? No. There is no convincing evidence that vaccines such as MMR cause long term health effects. On the other hand, we do know that people will become ill and some will die from the diseases this vaccine prevents. Measles outbreaks have recently occurred in the UK and Germany following an increase in the number of parents who chose not to have their children vaccinated with the MMR vaccine. Discontinuing a vaccine program based on unproven theories would not be in anyone's best interest. Isolated reports about these vaccines causing long term health problems may sound alarming at first. However, careful review of the science reveals that these reports are isolated and not confirmed by scientifically sound research. Detailed medical reviews of health effects reported after receipt of vaccines have often proven to be unrelated to vaccines, but rather have been related to other health factors. Because these vaccines are recommended widely to protect the health of the public, research on any serious hypotheses about their safety are important to pursue. Several studies are underway to investigate still unproven theories about vaccinations and severe side effects. ========================================================== duh.. kalo diambil semua pernyataan.. bisa pegel juga tangan saya.. yang jelas.. dari seribu penghuni milis sebelah tersebut, berapa ratus anak yang udah di imunisasi MMR.. berapa juta anak di dunia udah di vaksin.. tapi kok ngga AUTIS ya? hehehe much love, reyna ----- Original Message ----- From: Suryandini, Nensi /BSN JKT To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Tuesday, March 22, 2005 3:46 PM Subject: RE: [berbadan-dua] FAQs (frequently asked questions) about MMR V accine & Autism Lebih baik berhati2lah... :) mbak Reyna, minta pendapat ttg ini dari dokter lain selain dr.Wati boleh? kalau ada bisa dishare di milis dong, thanks. Misal dari situs autis? makasih mbak. 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