Dear Mamanya Bagas & rekans lain,
Saya sertakan beberapa artikel/penelitian/pendapat para ahli mengenai
penggunaan m-peng. Karena cukup banyak, saya kirim dalam 2 email yg terpisah
ya.
Kebetulan kami juga sedang berdikusi masalah ini, terutama untuk anak ke-2
kami nanti. Saya sendiri maunya nggak, tapi suami saya berpendapat
sebaliknya.
Sebagai informasi, anak pertama kami, Valerie (25 bulan), dulu sempet pake
m-peng selama 10 bulan. Yaitu sejak lahir sampe usia 10 bulan. Selama 3
bulan pertama, cukup sering Valerie menggunakannya, krn kami cuman berdua,
kalo siang saya sendiri dan harus melakukan tugas rt yg lain. Setelah itu
kami hanya memberikan m-peng, pada saat Valerie mau tidur atau waktu
terbangun malam hari, kalo udah cukup minum dan makannya. Kadang2 (sekali2)
kami masih kasi m-peng pada saat berada di luar rumah, mis di gereja atau
tempat umum lain.
Untuk masalah lambat bicara atau tidak, kami kira itu tergantung masing2
anak (individual) dan tentu saja lingkungan di mana ia tumbuh, krn walau pun
menggunakan m-peng selama 10 bulan, Valerie udah bisa ngomong 'papa' sejak
usia 7 bulan. Usia setahun udah cukup banyak kata (paling tidak menurut
kami) yg bisa diucapkan oleh Valerie. Juga masalah gigi (yg katanya
'tongos', apa ya bhs Indonesia bakunya ?), sejauh pengamatan kami sampai
saat ini, pertumbuhan gigi Valerie normal/rata.
Semoga bermanfaat
-Ivana-
http://www.babycentre.co.uk/general/536307.html:
The big question is will you, won't you use a dummy? Even those of us who
swore never to use one have been known to change our minds when faced with a
baby with colic who wants to suck all the time. Some experts feel that the
use of a dummy can confuse a breastfeeding baby so that he does not latch
onto the breast properly. However, some babies seem happy to switch between
breast and dummy, and if your baby does cry a great deal and wants to suck,
a dummy can give you a necessary rest.
If you do choose to use one, look for an orthodontic model. Why? These are
better for developing teeth and gums. Latex dummies are softer and more
flexible than silicone, but they don't last as long.
Buy more than one dummy so you can switch them often and clean the spare
ones in hot water or in sterilising solution. Some come with holders to keep
them clean when not in use.
Age Range: Try not to use a dummy for longer than the first month or two.
Bottom Line: Dummies range between £1 and £4. The more expensive models have
features such as perforations in the plastic that allow air to flow to your
baby's skin.
Dummy Tip: Inspect your child's dummies regularly - throw them away at the
first sign of wear.
http://www.parentsplace.com/expert/dentist/babyteeth/qa/0,3459,12876,00.html
:
Kim Loos, DDS
Dr. Kimberly A. Loos practices general dentistry in Sunnyvale, California.
She is also a clinical instructor at University of Pacific School of
Dentistry and an editor for Dentistry On-Line.
Pacifier use may change the natural shape of the palate, which forms the
roof of the mouth. Many children who suck on pacifiers show a depression
resembling the shape of the pacifier nipple in the palatial tissues. The
extent of the deformation probably depends on the sucking duration, sucking
force, pacifier shape and pacifier size.
The infant palate is particularly soft and flexible. It is not clear if
these deformations change or disappear after pacifier use has ceased. The
long-term effect of pacifier use on the upper jaw and teeth position is
currently under investigation.
Orthodontically correct pacifiers do not interfere with normal tooth and jaw
development. An improved pacifier design that also supports the normal
growth of the palate may be needed.
Interestingly, children using fingers, toys and other pacifier alternatives
have more dental and jaw deformations than those using a pacifier
(Verwendung et al., 1993).
Use a pacifier only when it is really necessary. Marjo et al. (1995)
suggests limiting pacifier use to the first 10 months of life, when the need
for sucking is the strongest.
I know many infants will object to this proposal! Therefore, I recommend the
use of an orthodontically correct pacifier. While it is best to decrease or
eliminate nonnutritive sucking early, many irreversible orthodontic effects
will not appear until the permanent teeth begin erupting.
References:
Baer et al., "The thumb, the pacifier, the erupting tooth, and a beautiful
smile" Journal of Pedodontics (1987) 11(2):113-119.
Marjo et al. "A pacifier increases the risk of recurrent acute otitis media
in children in day care centers" Pediatrics (1995) 96:884-888.
Verwendung et al., "Utilization of pacifiers distribution, causes and
sequelae" Schweiz. Rundsch. Med. Prax.(1993) 83(33):885-887.
http://www.parentsplace.com/expert/lactation/basics/qa/0,3459,8685,00.html:
Pacifier use
When do you think it's okay for a parent to introduce the pacifier?
Obviously after breastfeeding is well-established, but how can a mother be
sure?
Debbi Donovan is the Director of ParentsPlace.com. She is a Board Certified
Lactation Consultant, as well as a retired La Leche League Leader.
Though pacifiers are widely used to calm fussy babies and weary parents,
their use can affect the initiation and the duration of the breastfeeding
relationship. In a 1992 study (Righard, L & Alade, M) it was found that
pacifier use before two weeks of age resulted in babies sucking incorrectly
at the breast. This resulted in a shorter duration of breastfeeding. In the
article, "Use of Pacifiers and Breastfeeding Duration", The Lancet, 1993,
Victoria et al studied 354 mothers. They determined there was a threefold
risk of early weaning from the breast in babies who used a pacifier.
Sucking is very important for babies. Pacifier use takes away from the time
the infant spends at the breast. Prolactin production then decreases -- this
compromises the mother's milk supply. Insufficient milk supply can interfere
with the proper nutrition and growth of the baby. Pacifiers should not be
used in the first four to six weeks of breastfeeding.
Pacifiers are sometimes used indiscriminately -- popped into the baby's
mouth, ignoring not only his feeding cues but also his other needs. He may
need to be fed, held, rocked, changed ... Using a pacifier to take care of
every difficulty, a parent may begin to lose touch with what their baby's
real needs are. We need to look at each individual baby and determine his
particular needs.
There are times when pacifier use can be helpful to the baby, such as when
mother and baby are separated. While a mother is at work, the baby isunable
to meet his sucking needs at the breast. The pacifier can be very calming to
him. Keep in mind that the pacifier should still not replace the loving
attention your infant needs while you are apart.
Since each baby's needs should be evaluated on an individual basis, I can't
recommend a particular time when it is "safe" to begin use of a pacifier. If
you decide that a pacifier is appropriate for your baby, it is important to
watch him for any changes. If use of a pacifier reduces your baby's
frequency or duration of feeds (newborns should be nursing at least 8 to 12
times a day) or makes it difficult for him to feed at your breast,
discontinue use.
http://www.healthcentral.com/news/newsfulltext.cfm?id=10059&StoryType=Reuter
sNews:
Pacifier use tied to shorter breastfeeding
March 02, 1999
CHICAGO (Reuters Health)--Mothers who give their infants pacifiers
tend to breastfeed less often and for a shorter time than mothers who do not
use pacifiers, report U.S. researchers.
The finding is important, the study authors note, because breastfeeding has
many health benefits for both mothers and their infants, which may be lost
if breastfeeding is not encouraged.
A study of 265 breastfeeding mothers and their babies found that pacifier
use had no effect on breastfeeding in the first three months of life.
But the research team, led by Dr. Cynthia R. Howard of the University of
Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry in New York, noted that 68
percent of the mothers gave their babies pacifiers before the age of six
weeks. Study data show that mothers who gave their infants pacifiers were
1.5 times more likely to breastfeed their infants for a shorter overall time
than those who did not offer pacifiers.
The investigators also found that mothers who used pacifiers tended to
breastfeed their infants fewer times per day, were "more likely to report
that breastfeeding was inconvenient," and were also more likely to say that
they had insufficient milk.
The team suggests that some mothers may use pacifiers to extend the time
between feedings, unaware that "infrequent feedings are a cause of
insufficient milk supply."
However, the study data does not support the belief that pacifier use leads
to "nipple confusion," which has been thought to impair infants' suckling
abilities.
Howard and colleagues note that the many health benefits of breastfeeding to
both infants and mothers "are known to depend on the duration of full
breastfeeding." These benefits include providing the infant with immunity
against some infectious diseases, and reducing the woman's risk of breast
and ovarian cancer.
The researchers suggest that breastfeeding education and support should be
included in prenatal courses, and that parents should be taught alternative
ways of comforting infants other than pacifier use.
The study is published in the electronic pages of the journal Pediatrics,
available at www.pediatrics.org.
http://www.healthcentral.com/news/newsfulltext.cfm?id=826&StoryType=ReutersN
ews:
Pacifier use okay in moderation
September 07, 1998
NEW YORK, Sep 07 (Reuters) -- Using a pacifier to comfort an infant
being weaned from breastfeeding won't lead to later dental problems as long
as it is used in moderation, according to the Chicago Dental Society.
"Dentists prefer to see babies who are sucking pacifiers rather than their
thumb or finger because pacifiers generally are discontinued more easily and
at an earlier age," said Dr. Michele Bogacki, in a Society press statement.
But moderation really is the key, cautions another dentist, Dr. Marvin
Berman.
"Constant use of a pacifier over time is going to bring about negative
results," said Berman, a pediatric dentist in Chicago, Illinois, in an
interview with Reuters Health.
"If a child uses it for a few moments before sleep, that's okay. But if a
kid is walking around all day with one, then you are definitely talking
about orthodontic work and crooked teeth in the future," he said.
Many dentists, including Berman, believe that constant pacifier sucking can
lead to an unnatural bite by affecting the relative positioning of the upper
and lower teeth.
Berman thinks the rule of thumb with pacifier use should be, "if you don't
need one, don't use one."
"Parents can be too quick to put a pacifier in the child's mouth instead of
rocking and cooing. They aren't taking the time to quiet and comfort the
child," he said.
However, if their use is not excessive, pacifiers can help calm babies and
toddlers, and moderate use does not contribute to other habit-forming
behaviors. "Most children do not replace the pacifier with their own thumb
or finger," said Bogacki.
To ensure their infants' pacifiers are safe, Bogacki advises parents to take
the following actions:
-- Don't tie a pacifier around a child's neck.
-- Inspect pacifiers frequently for wear or deterioration. "Discard
pacifiers if the bulbs have become sticky, swollen or cracked," she says.
-- Do not substitute a bottle nipple for a pacifier. "Hard sucking may pull
a bottle nipple from its cap and pose a choking danger."
Bogacki also suggested that parents buy a pacifier with a textured shield
surface. This type of surface allows more air to circulate, and thus can
prevent skin irritation. Also, the best pacifier has a symmetrical nipple
and shield shape, so if it goes in baby's mouth right-side-up or
up-side-down, it's still in the correct sucking position.
"I urge patients to ask their dentists about each of these issues so they
know what to expect and how to provide the best care for their child during
these interesting phases in a baby's development," said Bogacki.
-----Original Message-----
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]]
Sent: Saturday, October 07, 2000 3:54 AM
REKAN NETTERS.
ADAKAH YANG TAHU MENGENAI HAL-HAL YANG MENGKHAWATIRKAN KALU BAYI KITA KITA
KASIH M-PENG(DOT)
KARENA ANAK SAYA (SKR 6 BLN ) SUDAH SAYA KASIH SEJAK UMUR I BULAN ,
MUNGKIN KARENA ANAK LAKI-LAKI
MAUNYA MULUTNYA SELALU ADA ISINYA. KALU SAYA LEPAS DIA AKN MENANGIS .
TIDURPUN HARUS PAKAI KALAU INGIN PULAS, THX, MAMABAGAS
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