Mbak Savitri,
flek itu sama saja dengan TBC. Disebut flek, karena kalo dirontgen ada
terlihat flek di paru2nya. Yg. normal, paru2nya bersih.
Tes mantoux akan menunjukkan tanda positif (bekas suntikan
menggelembung) kalau kita terinfeksi TB, atau pernah divaksin BCG.
Perbedaannya, kalau hanya karena vaksin BCG, diameternya kecil. Kalo
betul kena infeksi, diameternya bisa sampai 2 cm. Mungkin +11 itu
maksudnya diameternya 11mm.
Saya belum punya pengalaman ttg. flek, tapi anak saya juga alergian..
:-( Saya juga waktu itu spt. Mbak, tanya apa ini TBC, dokternya (sampe
5th opinion, coba !) semua bilang tidak. Karena gejalanya beda. Selain
itu juga dia lihat dari bentuk badan anak saya katanya : badannya bagus
begini, kok TBC.
Di bawah ini saya kutip artikel dari www.cdc.gov hasil 'cari-cari' saya
dulu
soal TB. Semoga membantu.
----
What Is TB?
TB, or tuberculosis, is a disease caused by bacteria called
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria can attack any part of your
body, but they usually attack the lungs. TB disease was once the leading
cause of death in the United States.
In the 1940s, scientists discovered the first of several drugs now used
to
treat TB. As a result, TB slowly began to disappear in the United
States.
But TB has come back. After 1984, the number of TB cases reported in
the United States began to increase. More than 25,000 cases were
reported in 1993.
TB is spread through the air from one person to another. The bacteria
are
put into the air when a person with TB disease of the lungs or throat
coughs or sneezes. People nearby may breathe in these bacteria and
become infected.
People who are infected with TB do not feel sick, do not have any
symptoms, and cannot spread TB. But they may develop TB disease at
some time in the future. People with TB disease can be treated and cured
if they seek medical help. Even better, people who have TB infection but
are not yet sick can take medicine so that they will never develop TB
disease.
How Is TB Spread?
TB is spread through the air from one person to another. The bacteria
are
put into the air when a person with TB disease of the lungs or throat
coughs or sneezes. People nearby may breathe in these bacteria and
become infected.
When a person breathes in TB bacteria, the bacteria can settle in the
lungs and begin to grow. From there, they move through the blood to
other
parts of the body, such as the kidney, spine, and brain.
TB in the lungs or throat can be infectious. This means that the
bacteria
can be spread to other people. TB in other parts of the body, such as
the
kidney or spine, is usually not infectious.
People with TB disease are most likely to spread it to people they spend
time with every day. This includes family members, friends, and
coworkers.
What Is TB Infection?
In most people who breathe in TB bacteria and become infected, the body
is able to fight the bacteria to stop them from growing. The bacteria
become inactive, but they remain alive in the body and can become active
later. This is called TB infection. People with TB infection
- have no symptoms
- don't feel sick
- can't spread TB to others
- usually have a positive skin test reaction
- can develop TB disease later in life if they do not receive preventive
therapy
Many people who have TB infection never develop TB disease. In these
people, the TB bacteria remain inactive for a lifetime without causing
disease. But in other people, especially people who have weak immune
systems, the bacteria become active and cause TB disease.
What Is TB Disease?
TB bacteria become active if the immune system can't stop them from
growing. The active bacteria begin to multiply in the body and cause TB
disease. Some people develop TB disease soon after becoming infected,
before their immune system can fight the TB bacteria. Other people may
get sick later, when their immune system becomes weak for some
reason.
Babies and young children often have weak immune systems. People
infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, have very weak immune
systems. Other people can have weak immune systems, too, especially
people with any of these conditions:
- substance abuse
- diabetes mellitus
- silicosis
- cancer of the head or neck
- leukemia or Hodgkin's disease
- severe kidney disease
- low body weight
- certain medical treatments (such as corticosteroid treatment or organ
transplants)
Symptoms of TB depend on where in the body the TB bacteria are
growing. TB bacteria usually grow in the lungs. TB in the lungs may
cause
a bad cough that lasts longer than 2 weeks
pain in the chest coughing up blood or sputum (phlegm from deep inside
the lungs)
Other symptoms of TB disease are
- weakness or fatigue
- weight loss
- no appetite
- chills
- fever
- weating at night
TB Infection
How Can I Get Tested for TB?
A TB skin test is the only way to find out if you have TB infection. You
can
get a skin test at the health department or at your doctor's office. You
should get tested for TB if
- you have spent time with a person with infectious TB
- you have HIV infection or another condition that puts you at high risk
for TB disease
- you think you might have TB disease
- you are from a country where TB disease is very common (most countries
in Latin America and the Caribbean, Africa, and Asia,except for Japan)
- you inject drugs
- you live somewhere in the U.S. where TB disease is common (most
homeless shelters, migrant farm camps, prisons and jails,and some
nursing homes)
A health care worker can give you the TB skin test. He or she will
inject a
small amount of testing fluid (called tuberculin) just under the skin on
the
lower part of your arm. After 2 or 3 days, the health care worker will
measure your reaction to the test. You may have a small bump where the
tuberculin was injected. The health care worker will tell you if your
reaction
to the test is positive or negative. A positive reaction usually means
that
you have TB infection.
If you have a positive reaction to the skin test, your doctor or nurse
may
do other tests to see if you have TB disease. These tests usually
include
a chest x-ray and a test of the phlegm you cough up. Because the TB
bacteria may be found somewhere besides your lungs, your doctor or
nurse may check your blood or urine, or do other tests. If you have TB
disease, you will need to take medicine to cure the disease.
If you have recently spent time with someone with infectious TB, your
skin
test reaction may not be positive yet. You may need a second skin test
10 to 12 weeks after the last time you spent time with the infectious
person. This is because it can take several weeks after infection for
your
immune system to be able to react to the TB skin test. If your reaction
to
the second test is negative, you probably do not have TB infection.
What if I Have Been Vaccinated with BCG?
BCG is a vaccine for TB. This vaccine is not widely used in the United
States, but it is often given to infants and small children in other
countries
where TB is common. BCG vaccine does not always protect people from TB.
If you were vaccinated with BCG, you may have a positive reaction to a
TB
skin test. This reaction may be due to the BCG vaccine itself or to a
real
TB infection. But your positive reaction probably means that you have TB
infection if
- your skin test reaction is large
- you were vaccinated many years ago (because the BCG reaction gets
smaller over time)
- you have ever spent time with a person with infectious TB someone in
your family has had TB
- you are from a country where TB disease is very common (mostcountries
in Latin America and the Caribbean, Africa, and Asia, except for Japan)
--
O
_/)(\_ |~ Salam,
/~~\ o' |~ Rien.
/_ _\ o'
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