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Today's Topics:
1. Re: Lifting Numbers (David McBride)
2. Coverage percents - BUG? (Baa)
3. Library for rendering text (Jona Ekenberg)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Message: 1
Date: Tue, 3 Oct 2017 16:53:13 -0400
From: David McBride <[email protected]>
To: Patrick Browne <[email protected]>
Cc: The Haskell-Beginners Mailing List - Discussion of primarily
beginner-level topics related to Haskell <[email protected]>
Subject: Re: [Haskell-beginners] Lifting Numbers
Message-ID:
<CAN+Tr417SQLpS5CvsX=o4msgdkzfwr0rexjsypwyh6hvoke...@mail.gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
1) Yes, you are correct.
2) Yes, that is fine. Sometimes people will use operators that don't
conflict with prelude such as (+:), (-:) and (*:) to avoid these clashes.
On Tue, Oct 3, 2017 at 3:15 PM, PATRICK BROWNE <[email protected]>
wrote:
> David,
> Thank you for you informative and helpful reply.
> I think that are two issues impeding my understanding of the original code.
> 1. The use of lambda
> 2. The structure of the class and instance
>
> 1. The use of lambda
> Is seems that the arguments to (+!) , below ,must be functions. I was
> trying to use values
> data Time = Time Double
>
> type Moving v = Time -> v
>
> (+!) a b = \t -> (a t) Prelude.+ (b t)
>
> b :: Moving Double
>
> b (Time x) = x * 1.5
>
> test = (b +! b) (Time 10.0)
>
> Is my take on this correct?
>
>
> 2. The structure of the class and instance.
> Recall the original code:
>
> type Moving v = Time -> v
>
> class Number a where
> (+), (-), (*) :: a -> a -> a
> sqr, sqrt :: a -> a
> sqr a = a * a
>
> instance Number v => Number (Moving v) where
> (+) a b = \t -> (a t) + (b t)
> (-) a b = \t -> (a t) - (b t)
> (*) a b = \t -> (a t) * (b t)
> sqrt a = \t -> sqrt (a t)
>
> I believe that this would have to be changed to avoid a clash with the
> Prelude definitions.
> Is the following structuring reasonable?
>
> module MovingPoint where
> data Time = Time Double
> type Moving v = Time -> v
>
> class Number a where
> (+), (-), (*) :: a -> a -> a
> sqr :: a -> a
> sqrt :: a -> a
>
> instance (Floating v) => Number (Moving v) where
> (+) a b = \t -> (a t) Prelude.+ (b t)
> (-) a b = \t -> (a t) Prelude.- (b t)
> (*) a b = \t -> (a t) Prelude.* (b t)
> sqr a = \t -> (a t) Prelude.* (a t)
> sqrt a = \t -> Prelude.sqrt (a t)
>
> b :: Moving Double
> b (Time x) = x Prelude.* 1.5
> test = (b MovingPoint.+ b) (Time 10.0)
>
> Thanks,
> Pat
>
>
>
>
>
>
> On 3 October 2017 at 15:01, David McBride <[email protected]> wrote:
>
>> You can get some intuition for how this works by replacing "Moving v"
>> with its definition "Time -> v". Let's look at the + operation.
>>
>> class Number a where
>> (+) :: a -> a -> a
>> instance Number v => Number (Moving v)
>> instance Number v => Number (Time -> v)
>> (+) :: Number v => (Time -> v) -> (Time -> v) -> (Time -> v)
>>
>> So each argument of + must take a Time, the end result must also take a
>> Time, and whatever each argument returns must be a Number (and thus has +
>> defined for it). So you can sort of see how it works. + for a Moving v
>> takes a time, then passes that time to each of its arguments, then adds the
>> result.
>>
>> (+) a b = \t -> (a t) Prelude.+ (b t)
>>
>> data Time = Time Double -- For example.
>>
>> Then you can make formulas that are rooted in time. For example
>> (contrived) if you are throwing a ball, the distance of the ball from you
>> at time f could be something like the following:
>>
>> balldistance :: Moving Double
>> balldistance (Time f) = f * 1.2
>>
>> ball1 :: Moving Double
>> ball1 = balldistance
>>
>> ball2 :: Moving Double
>> ball2 = balldistance
>>
>> -- the combined distance of both balls at time f
>> bothballs :: Moving Double
>> bothballs = ball1 + ball2
>>
>> Then you can get the combined distance of both balls after 12 seconds,
>> for example.
>>
>> test :: Double
>> test = bothballs (Time 12.0)
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> On Tue, Oct 3, 2017 at 9:07 AM, PATRICK BROWNE <[email protected]>
>> wrote:
>>
>>> Hi,
>>> I am trying to compile, run, and understand the following code from [1].
>>>
>>> type Moving v = Time -> v
>>>
>>> class Number a where
>>> (+), (-), (*) :: a -> a -> a
>>> sqr, sqrt :: a -> a
>>> sqr a = a * a
>>>
>>> instance Number v => Number (Moving v) where
>>> (+) a b = \t -> (a t) + (b t)
>>> (-) a b = \t -> (a t) - (b t)
>>> (*) a b = \t -> (a t) * (b t)
>>> sqrt a = \t -> sqrt (a t)
>>>
>>> I followed the compiler advice to produce the following version which
>>> compiles:
>>>
>>> {-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
>>> {-# LANGUAGE TypeSynonymInstances #-}
>>> module MovingPoint where
>>> type Time = Float -- Type synonym assumed, could it be data type??
>>> type Moving v = Time -> v
>>>
>>> class Number a where
>>> (+), (-), (*) :: a -> a -> a
>>> sqr :: a -> a
>>> sqrt :: a -> a
>>>
>>> instance (Floating v) => Number (Moving v) where
>>> (+) a b = \t -> (a t) Prelude.+ (b t)
>>> (-) a b = \t -> (a t) Prelude.- (b t)
>>> (*) a b = \t -> (a t) Prelude.* (b t)
>>> sqr a = \t -> (a t) Prelude.* (a t)
>>> sqrt a = \t -> Prelude.sqrt (a t)
>>>
>>> I do not know how to invoke any of the operations. In general I do know
>>> how to execute lambdas.
>>> I do not understand the bracketed pairs e.g. (a t).
>>> Any help on understanding and running the program would be appreciated.
>>> Thanks,
>>> Pat
>>>
>>>
>>> [1] Ontology for Spatio-temporal Databases
>>> http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.113
>>> .9804&rep=rep1&type=pdf
>>>
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>>
>
> This email originated from DIT. If you received this email in error,
> please delete it from your system. Please note that if you are not the
> named addressee, disclosing, copying, distributing or taking any action
> based on the contents of this email or attachments is prohibited.
> www.dit.ie
>
> Is ó ITBÁC a tháinig an ríomhphost seo. Má fuair tú an ríomhphost seo trí
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Message: 2
Date: Wed, 4 Oct 2017 10:59:26 +0300
From: Baa <[email protected]>
To: The Haskell-Beginners Mailing List - Discussion of primarily
beginner-level topics related to Haskell <[email protected]>
Subject: [Haskell-beginners] Coverage percents - BUG?
Message-ID: <20171004105926.34636c02@Pavel>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Hello, all! Currently I'm trying to add coverage report to my
application tests, and I see such line in the HPC report:
..
100% boolean coverage (0/0)
..
but 0/0 =/= 100% (an undefined limit ;) IMHO better is to be
reported as 0. Is it a bug in HPC?
===
Best regards, Paul
------------------------------
Message: 3
Date: Wed, 4 Oct 2017 10:52:57 +0200
From: Jona Ekenberg <[email protected]>
To: The Haskell-Beginners Mailing List - Discussion of primarily
beginner-level topics related to Haskell <[email protected]>
Subject: [Haskell-beginners] Library for rendering text
Message-ID:
<CALvEEUff1x_B-SJf_bydpyxtJB-XWCZfX=wbYyD_Bv=r96b...@mail.gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
Dear mailing list,
I want to create a text editor, preferably using open gl to render text.
Are there any easy to use libraries for this? I like the gloss library, but
the functions for rendering text seems quite basic. I could add upon this,
but I figured I should ask here first; are there any existing libraries
suitable for rendering text?
Kind regards,
Jona
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