A good example of specialized computing would be the work that DE Shaw is 
doing.  They're building specialized ASICs (or FPGA programs) tailored for 
their chemistry applications, to get multiple order of magnitude improvement 
over general purpose solutions.  Clearly they think it's worthwhile: it's a 
high risk, high reward sort of industry

Jim Lux


-----Original Message-----
From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] On 
Behalf Of Mark Hahn
Sent: Wednesday, October 10, 2012 9:38 PM
To: Beowulf Mailing List
Subject: Re: [Beowulf] K Computer built for speed, not use

> Any general purpose system will inevitably underperform for some 
>people, and many might argue that the art of managing such a project is 
>making sure everyone squawks equally loud about how the stake is being 
>driven into their heart.

I think of it from the other direction: a specialized machine would need to 
demonstrate really significant savings.  an astrophysics machine might actually 
use many times fewer transistors than a commodity processors (as one of 
Makino's slides shows), but could it do anything else?  perhaps some forms of 
MD.  but making transistors work harder is, today, not necessarily a winning 
strategy, since managing heat is probably the dominant concern.

if a domain somehow looks like it's on the verge of a breakthrough, and 
specialized hardware is going to give a 100x advantage, well, that sounds 
pretty good.  if a dedicated cosmology box is going to bring only a 3x speedup 
and still be 1e6 away from resolving important processes, well, I say "get in 
line for a general-purpose account"...

though this argument also hinges somewhat on the expectation of demand being 
bursty _across_ domains.

regards, mark hahn.
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